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Malmquist method: An application on the tourism efficiency of the Black Sea region

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1082 - 1092, 15.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.892573

Abstract

The Malmquist method is a non-parametric method developed to address the lack of static examination in classical data enveloping analysis. All research on efficiency was usually conducted with classical data enveloping analysis. That is why studies using the Malmquist method, a dynamic Data Enveloping Analysis, have been limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate this issue with the Malmquist Total Factor Efficiency index, which allows how the Tourism Efficiency of the provinces in the Black Sea Region changes over time. According to this study, the average Malmquist Total Factor Efficiency of the provinces has increased by 9.6 %, and this increase is entirely due to progress in technology change values.

References

  • Anderson, R.I., Fok, R. and Scott, J. (2000). Hotel industry efficiency: an adavanced linear programming examination. American Business Review, 18, 40–48.
  • Assaf, A. (2010). The cost efficiency of australian airports post privatization: a bayesian methodology. Tourism Management, 31(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.005
  • Assaf, A.G. and Barros, C. (2011). Performance analysis of the gulf hotel industry: a malmquist index with bias correction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 819–826.
  • Assaf, A.G. and Dwyer, L. (2013). Benchmarking international tourism destinations. Tourism Economics, 19, 1233–1247. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0354
  • Atan, M. ve Arslantürk, Y. (2015). Dünya ülkelerinin turizm etkinliğinin analizi. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 1 (1), 59-76.
  • Barros, C.P. and Dieke, P.U.C. (2007). Analyzing the total productivity change in travel agencies. Tourism Analysis, 12, 27–37. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354207780956708
  • Bayrak, R., (2018). OECD ülkeleri turizm sektöründe toplam faktör verimliliği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 8, Sayı 2, 157-177.
  • Caves, D.W., Christense, L.R. and Diewert, W.E. (1982a). Multilateral comparisons of output, input, and productivity using superlative index numbers. Economic Journal, 92, 73–86.
  • Caves, D.W., Christense, L.R. and Diewert, W.E. (1982b). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica , 50, 1393–1414.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. and Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units, European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages 429-444.
  • Chen, C. F. (2007). Applying the stochastic frontier approach to measure hotel managerial efficiency in taiwan. Tourism Management, 28(3), 696–702.
  • Coelli, T.J. (1996). A guide to deap version 2.1: a data envelopment analysis program. Center of Efficiency and Productive Analysis Working Paper. No:8.
  • Cooper, W.W., Seiford, M. and Zhu, J. (2004). Handbook on data envelopment analysis, Springer (Kluwer Academic Publishers), Boston.
  • Cuccia, T., Guccio, C. and Rizzo, I., (2016). The effects of UNESCO world heritage list inscription on tourism destinations performance in italian regions. Economic Modelling, 53, 494-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.10.049
  • Deliktaş, E., (2002). Türkiye özel sektör imalat sanayinde etkinlik ve toplam faktör verimliliği analizi, ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 29, ss.247–284.
  • Enright, M. J. and Newton, J. (2004). Tourism destination competitiveness: a quantitative approach. Tourism Management, 25(6), 777–788.
  • Erdoğan, Ö. (2011). Banka etkinliklerinin risk odaklı yaklaşımla modellenmesi ve Türk bankacılık sektörü uygulaması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kadir Has Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Färe, R., Grosskopf S., Lindgren B. and Roos, P. (1994). Productivity developments in swedish hospitals: A malmquist output index approach. in data envelopment analysis: Theory, Methodology, and Applications.pp. 253-272, Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Farrell, M. 1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A ,120(3), 253-290.
  • Hwang, S. N. and Chang, T. Y. (2003). Using data envelopment analysis to measure hotel managerial efficiency change in taiwan. Tourism Management, 24(4), 357-369.
  • İstanbul İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, turizm istatistikleri raporu (2021, 12 Haziran ). Erişim adresi https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/82487,subat-2021-turizm-istatistikleri-duzeltmepdf.pdf?0
  • Jafari, Y., (2014). Malmquist productivity index for multi time periods. International Journal of Data Envelopment Analysis, 2, 315–322.
  • Jingrong S., Jie Z., Jinhe Z., Jinhai, M. and Yuling, Z. (2015).Total factor productivity assessment of tourism industry: evidence from china, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20:3, 280-294.
  • Johns, N., Howcroft, B. and Drake, L. (1997). The use of data envelopment analysis to monitor hotel productivity. Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3, 119–127.
  • Kecek, G., (2010). Veri zarflama analizi: teori ve uygulama örneği, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Keskin Benli, Y., (2006). İstanbul menkul kıymetler borsası imalat sanayi için etkinlik ve toplam faktör verimliliği analizi, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Keskin Benli, Y., (2012). Veri zarflama analizi (VZA) ve malmquist toplam faktör verimliliği (TFV): konaklama işletmelerinde bir uygulama. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12, 3, 369-382.
  • Köksal, C. D. and Aksu, A. A., (2007). Efficiency evaluation of a group travel agencies with data envelopment analysis (DEA): A case study in the antalya region, Turkey. Tourism Management, 28(3), 830–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.05.013Get rights and content
  • Kosmaczewska, J., (2014). Tourism interest and the efficiency of its utilisation based on the example of the eu countries. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia, 13(1), 77-90.
  • Kök, R. ve Deliklitaş, E., (2003). Endüstri iktisadında verimlilik ölçme ve strateji geliştirme teknolojileri. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisati İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Yayını,40(3), 68-71.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Tesis istatistikleri (2019, 10 Haziran). Erişim adresi https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-201131/tesisistatistikleri.html.
  • Lee, Y., Lu, L.T. and Sung, A.D. (2012). A measure to the operational performance of international hotels in taiwan: dea and malmquist approach. Review of Economics and Finance, 2, 73–83.
  • Liu, F. and Wang, P. (2008). DEA malmquist productivity measure: taiwanese semiconductor companies. International Journal of production Economics,112, 65-72.
  • Luo, H., Yang, Y. and Law, R. (2014). How to achieve a high efficiency level of the hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 28, 1140-1161.
  • Mahadevan, R. (2002). A dea approach to understanding the productivity growth of malaysia’s manufacturing industries. Asia Pasific Journal of Management, Volume 19, Issue 4, pp. 587-600.
  • Malmquist, S., (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos de Estadistica, 4, 209-242.
  • Özsağır, A. ve Akın, A., (2012). Hizmetler sektörü içinde hizmet ticaretinin yeri ve karşılaştırmalı bir analizi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(41), 311-331.
  • Reynolds, D. and Biel, D., (2007). Incorporating satisfaction measures into a restaurant productivity index. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26, 352–361.
  • Shang, JK., Hung, W.K., Fang, Lo C. and Wang , F., (2008). Ecommerce and hotel performance: three-stage dea analysis, The Service Industries Journal, 28:4, 529-540.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2019, 12 Mayıs). Erişim adresi https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/degiskenlerUzerindenSorgula.do?durum=acKapa&menuNo=273&altMenuGoster=1&secilenDegiskenListesi=
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2020, 15 Mart). Erişim adresi https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/degiskenlerUzerindenSorgula.do?durum=acKapa&menuNo=113&altMenuGoster=1&secilenDegiskenListesi=
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2021, 16 Haziran). Erişim adresi https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/tabloYilSutunGetir.do?durum=yillariGetir&menuNo=518&altMenuGoster=0&tabloNo=337#
  • Tsai, H.; Wu, J. and Zhou, Z., (2011). Managing efficiency in international tourist hotels in taipei using a dea model with non-discretionary inputs. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16, 417–432.
  • UNWTO-International tourism highlight; world tourism organization. (2019, April 21). Erişim adresi https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284421152, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1–24.
  • Vergil, H. ve Abasız, T. (2008). Toplam faktör verimliliği hesaplanması ve büyüme ilişkisi: collins bosworth varyans ayrıştırması. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (16), 160-188.
  • Yi, T. and Liang, M. (2015). Evolutional model of tourism efficiency based on the dea method: A case study of cities in guangdong province, China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 789–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.932294

Malmquist yöntemi: Karadeniz bölgesinin turizm verimliliği üzerine bir uygulama

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1082 - 1092, 15.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.892573

Abstract

Malmquist yöntemi klasik Veri Zarflama Analizindeki statik incelemedeki eksikliği gidermek amacıyla geliştirilmiş parametrik olmayan bir yöntemdir. Verimliliği konu alan tüm araştırmalar genellikle klasik Veri Zarflama Analizi ile yapılmaya çalışılmış. Bu yüzden dinamik bir Veri Zarflama Analizi olan Malmquist yöntemini kullanan çalışmalar sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı verimliliğin zaman içerisinde nasıl değiştiğine izin veren Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimlilik endeksini kullanarak Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan illerin turizm verimliliğini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmaya göre illerin ortalama Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliliğinin % 9.6 oranında arttığı ve bu artışta tamamen teknolojik değişim değerlerindeki ilerleme kaynaklı olduğu görülmüştür.

References

  • Anderson, R.I., Fok, R. and Scott, J. (2000). Hotel industry efficiency: an adavanced linear programming examination. American Business Review, 18, 40–48.
  • Assaf, A. (2010). The cost efficiency of australian airports post privatization: a bayesian methodology. Tourism Management, 31(2), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.03.005
  • Assaf, A.G. and Barros, C. (2011). Performance analysis of the gulf hotel industry: a malmquist index with bias correction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 819–826.
  • Assaf, A.G. and Dwyer, L. (2013). Benchmarking international tourism destinations. Tourism Economics, 19, 1233–1247. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0354
  • Atan, M. ve Arslantürk, Y. (2015). Dünya ülkelerinin turizm etkinliğinin analizi. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 1 (1), 59-76.
  • Barros, C.P. and Dieke, P.U.C. (2007). Analyzing the total productivity change in travel agencies. Tourism Analysis, 12, 27–37. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354207780956708
  • Bayrak, R., (2018). OECD ülkeleri turizm sektöründe toplam faktör verimliliği. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 8, Sayı 2, 157-177.
  • Caves, D.W., Christense, L.R. and Diewert, W.E. (1982a). Multilateral comparisons of output, input, and productivity using superlative index numbers. Economic Journal, 92, 73–86.
  • Caves, D.W., Christense, L.R. and Diewert, W.E. (1982b). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica , 50, 1393–1414.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. and Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units, European Journal of Operational Research, Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages 429-444.
  • Chen, C. F. (2007). Applying the stochastic frontier approach to measure hotel managerial efficiency in taiwan. Tourism Management, 28(3), 696–702.
  • Coelli, T.J. (1996). A guide to deap version 2.1: a data envelopment analysis program. Center of Efficiency and Productive Analysis Working Paper. No:8.
  • Cooper, W.W., Seiford, M. and Zhu, J. (2004). Handbook on data envelopment analysis, Springer (Kluwer Academic Publishers), Boston.
  • Cuccia, T., Guccio, C. and Rizzo, I., (2016). The effects of UNESCO world heritage list inscription on tourism destinations performance in italian regions. Economic Modelling, 53, 494-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.10.049
  • Deliktaş, E., (2002). Türkiye özel sektör imalat sanayinde etkinlik ve toplam faktör verimliliği analizi, ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi, 29, ss.247–284.
  • Enright, M. J. and Newton, J. (2004). Tourism destination competitiveness: a quantitative approach. Tourism Management, 25(6), 777–788.
  • Erdoğan, Ö. (2011). Banka etkinliklerinin risk odaklı yaklaşımla modellenmesi ve Türk bankacılık sektörü uygulaması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kadir Has Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Färe, R., Grosskopf S., Lindgren B. and Roos, P. (1994). Productivity developments in swedish hospitals: A malmquist output index approach. in data envelopment analysis: Theory, Methodology, and Applications.pp. 253-272, Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Farrell, M. 1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A ,120(3), 253-290.
  • Hwang, S. N. and Chang, T. Y. (2003). Using data envelopment analysis to measure hotel managerial efficiency change in taiwan. Tourism Management, 24(4), 357-369.
  • İstanbul İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, turizm istatistikleri raporu (2021, 12 Haziran ). Erişim adresi https://istanbul.ktb.gov.tr/Eklenti/82487,subat-2021-turizm-istatistikleri-duzeltmepdf.pdf?0
  • Jafari, Y., (2014). Malmquist productivity index for multi time periods. International Journal of Data Envelopment Analysis, 2, 315–322.
  • Jingrong S., Jie Z., Jinhe Z., Jinhai, M. and Yuling, Z. (2015).Total factor productivity assessment of tourism industry: evidence from china, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20:3, 280-294.
  • Johns, N., Howcroft, B. and Drake, L. (1997). The use of data envelopment analysis to monitor hotel productivity. Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3, 119–127.
  • Kecek, G., (2010). Veri zarflama analizi: teori ve uygulama örneği, Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Keskin Benli, Y., (2006). İstanbul menkul kıymetler borsası imalat sanayi için etkinlik ve toplam faktör verimliliği analizi, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Keskin Benli, Y., (2012). Veri zarflama analizi (VZA) ve malmquist toplam faktör verimliliği (TFV): konaklama işletmelerinde bir uygulama. Ege Akademik Bakış, 12, 3, 369-382.
  • Köksal, C. D. and Aksu, A. A., (2007). Efficiency evaluation of a group travel agencies with data envelopment analysis (DEA): A case study in the antalya region, Turkey. Tourism Management, 28(3), 830–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.05.013Get rights and content
  • Kosmaczewska, J., (2014). Tourism interest and the efficiency of its utilisation based on the example of the eu countries. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia, 13(1), 77-90.
  • Kök, R. ve Deliklitaş, E., (2003). Endüstri iktisadında verimlilik ölçme ve strateji geliştirme teknolojileri. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisati İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Yayını,40(3), 68-71.
  • Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Tesis istatistikleri (2019, 10 Haziran). Erişim adresi https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-201131/tesisistatistikleri.html.
  • Lee, Y., Lu, L.T. and Sung, A.D. (2012). A measure to the operational performance of international hotels in taiwan: dea and malmquist approach. Review of Economics and Finance, 2, 73–83.
  • Liu, F. and Wang, P. (2008). DEA malmquist productivity measure: taiwanese semiconductor companies. International Journal of production Economics,112, 65-72.
  • Luo, H., Yang, Y. and Law, R. (2014). How to achieve a high efficiency level of the hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 28, 1140-1161.
  • Mahadevan, R. (2002). A dea approach to understanding the productivity growth of malaysia’s manufacturing industries. Asia Pasific Journal of Management, Volume 19, Issue 4, pp. 587-600.
  • Malmquist, S., (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos de Estadistica, 4, 209-242.
  • Özsağır, A. ve Akın, A., (2012). Hizmetler sektörü içinde hizmet ticaretinin yeri ve karşılaştırmalı bir analizi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(41), 311-331.
  • Reynolds, D. and Biel, D., (2007). Incorporating satisfaction measures into a restaurant productivity index. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26, 352–361.
  • Shang, JK., Hung, W.K., Fang, Lo C. and Wang , F., (2008). Ecommerce and hotel performance: three-stage dea analysis, The Service Industries Journal, 28:4, 529-540.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2019, 12 Mayıs). Erişim adresi https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/degiskenlerUzerindenSorgula.do?durum=acKapa&menuNo=273&altMenuGoster=1&secilenDegiskenListesi=
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2020, 15 Mart). Erişim adresi https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/degiskenlerUzerindenSorgula.do?durum=acKapa&menuNo=113&altMenuGoster=1&secilenDegiskenListesi=
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2021, 16 Haziran). Erişim adresi https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bolgeselistatistik/tabloYilSutunGetir.do?durum=yillariGetir&menuNo=518&altMenuGoster=0&tabloNo=337#
  • Tsai, H.; Wu, J. and Zhou, Z., (2011). Managing efficiency in international tourist hotels in taipei using a dea model with non-discretionary inputs. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 16, 417–432.
  • UNWTO-International tourism highlight; world tourism organization. (2019, April 21). Erişim adresi https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284421152, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1–24.
  • Vergil, H. ve Abasız, T. (2008). Toplam faktör verimliliği hesaplanması ve büyüme ilişkisi: collins bosworth varyans ayrıştırması. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (16), 160-188.
  • Yi, T. and Liang, M. (2015). Evolutional model of tourism efficiency based on the dea method: A case study of cities in guangdong province, China. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 789–806. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.932294
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Gül 0000-0001-9950-699X

Timur Arslan This is me

Publication Date October 15, 2021
Submission Date March 7, 2021
Acceptance Date July 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gül, M., & Arslan, T. (2021). Malmquist yöntemi: Karadeniz bölgesinin turizm verimliliği üzerine bir uygulama. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 1082-1092. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.892573