Gümüşhane yöresinde yetişen Ribes petraeum Wulfen (Frenk Üzümü) bitkisinden uçucu yağının elde edilmesi, kimyasal içerik ve biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 498 - 511, 15.04.2022

Şeyda Merve Karataş , Mehmet Öz , Muhammed Said Fidan , Cemallettin Baltacı , Osman Üçüncü

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.997171

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Uçucu yağ, bitkilerden çoğunlukla distilasyon yöntemi ile elde edilen güzel kokulu, uçucu, aromatik yağlardır. Uçucu yağ, ilaç, gıda ve kozmetik sektörlerinin vazgeçilmez bir ham madde kaynağıdır. Gümüşhane yöresi bitki çeşitliliği bakımından oldukça zengindir. Yapılan arazi çalışması sonucu makaleye temel oluşturan bitki tarafımızdan belirlenerek yetişme yerinden toplanmıştır. Bu makalede; R. petraeum bitkisinin yapraklarının uçucu yağı Clevenger tipi cihazda su buharı-distilasyonu metodu ile alınmıştır. Hekzan ile seyreltilen uçucu yağın kimyasal bileşimleri, GC-MS cihazı ile analiz edilerek belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen uçucu yağın antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi serbest radikal giderme (DPPH ve ABTS) aktivitesine ve demir (III) iyonu indirgeyici antioksidan gücü (FRAP) kapasitesi yöntemlerine göre yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bazı biyoaktif bileşen içerikleri toplam fenolik madde miktarları (TPC), toplam flavonoid madde miktarları (TFC), toplam antioksidan aktivite (TAC) çalışmalarıyla belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağın antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri ise disk difüzyon yöntemi ile 23 farklı mikroorganizmaya karşı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; yüzde uçucu yağ verimi R. petraeum bitkisinin yapraklarında %0.47 olarak bulunmuştur. Bitki yapraklarının uçucu yağında % oran olarak en yüksek bileşik bulunan kimyasal sınıf aldehitler (%55.98) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, uçucu yağında bulunan ana bileşen (E)-2-hegzenal (%52.90) olarak saptanmıştır. Bitki kısımlarının toplanan örneklerine ait elde edilen antioksidan aktivite tayininde serbest radikal giderme (DPPH ve ABTS) miktarları sırasıyla 18.73 mg AA/100 mL ve 21.31 mg AA/100 mL aralığında ve F3+ iyonları üzerinde indirgeme gücü (FRAP) 6.50 mg FeSO4/100 mL tespit edilmiştir. Biyoaktif bileşen içeriklerinin toplam fenolik madde miktarı (TPC) 66.37 mg GA/100 mL, toplam flavonoid madde miktarı (TFC) 1.51 mg QE/100 mL, toplam antioksidan aktivite değeri (TAC) 195.43 mg AA/100 mL olduğu bulunmuştur. Bitki kısmının toplanan örneklerine ait elde edilen antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri analizleri sonucuna göre mikroorganizmalara karşı herhangi bir antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermedikleri belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal, GC-MS, Kimyasal bileşim, Odun dışı orman ürünleri, Ribes petraeum Wulfen, Uçucu yağ

Supporting Institution

Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

19.B0122.02.01

Thanks

Bu makale, Gümüşhane Üniversitesinde Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mehmet ÖZ tarafından hazırlanmış olan “Gümüşhane Yöresi Bazı Odun Dışı Bitkisel Ürünlerinin Uçucu Yağlarının Elde Edilmesi, Kimyasal İçerikleri ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri” başlıklı projenin bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırma, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından 19.B0122.02.01 proje koduyla desteklenmiştir.

Determination of chemical content and biological activities obtaining essential oil from Ribes petraeum Wulfen plant grown in Gümüşhane region

Abstract

Essential oil is fragrant, volatile, aromatic oils mostly by hydrodistillation obtained from plants. Essential oil is an indispensable raw material source for the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Gümüşhane region is very rich in terms of plant diversity. As a result of the field study, the plant that formed the basis of this article were collected from the growing place determined. In this study; essential oil of the leaves of R. petraeum plant were determined by hydrodistillation method in a Clevenger type device. The chemical compositions of volatile oil diluted with hexane were determined by analyzing with a GC-MS instrument. The amount of antioxidant activities of the obtained essential oil were determined by free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) amounts, and Ferric (III) Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) capacity according to methods. In addition, some bioactive compounds contents were determined by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total antioxidant activity (TAC) studies. Antimicrobial activities of volatile oil were attained against 23 different microorganisms by disc diffusion method. As a result; the percent essential oil yield was determined as 0.47% in the leaves of the R. petraeum. The chemical classes with the highest percentage of compounds in the essential oil of plant parts: Aldehydes (55.98%) were determined in the leaves of the R. petraeum. In addition, the main components in its essential oil was found as (E)-2-hexenal (52.90%) in the leaves of the R. petraeum. The determination of antioxidant activities obtained from samples collected from plant parts were determined as 18.73 mg AA/100 mL and 21.31 mg AA/100 mL in free radical scavenging amounts (DPPH and ABTS), and 6.50 mg FeSO4/100 mL in FRAP capacity. The bioactive component contents were found as 66.37 mg GAE/100 mL in total phenolic content (TPC), 1.51 mg QE/100 mL in total flavonoid content (TFC), 195.43 mg AA/100 mL in total antioxidant activity (TAC). According to the results of the antimicrobial activities analysis obtained from the collected sample of plant parts, leaves of R. petraeum were not showed any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms used.

Keywords

Antimicrobial and antioxidant, GC-MS, Chemical composition, Non-wood forest product, Ribes petraeum Wulfen, Essential oil

Project Number

19.B0122.02.01

References

• Ahmed, D., Khan, M. M., & Saeed, R. (2015). Comparative analysis of phenolics, flavonoids, and antiooxidant and antibacterial potential of methanolic, hexanic and aqueous extracts from Adiantum caudatum leaves. Antioxidants, 4(2), 394-409. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4020394
• Chiej, R. (1988). The Macdonald Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants (1st edition). London: Macdonald & Co. Ltd.
• Delazar, A., Khodaie, L., Afshar, J., Nahar, L., & Sarker, S. D. (2010). Isolation and free-radical-scavenging properties of cyanidin 3-O-glycosides from the fruits of Ribes biebersteinii Berl. Acta Pharmaceutica, 60(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0007-x Delazar, A., Lasheni, S., Fathi-Azad, F., Nahar, L., Rahman, M. M., Asnaashari, S., Mojarab, M., & Sarker, S.D. (2010a). Free-radical scavenging flavonol 3-O-glycosides from the leaves of Ribes biebersteinii Berl. Records of Natural Products, 4(2), 96-100.
• El-Hawary, S. S., El-Tantawi, M. E., Kirollos, F. N., & Hammam, W. E. (2018). Chemical composition, in vitro cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of volatile constituents from Pyrus communis L. and Malus domestica Borkh. fruits cultivated in Egypt. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 21(6), 1642-1651. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2018.1553637
• Ferrari, C. K. B., & Torres, E. A. F. S. (2003). Biochemical pharmacology of functional foods and prevention of chronic diseases of aging. Biomed Pharmacother, 57, 251-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0753-3322(03)00032-5
• Gamez-Meza, N., Noriega-Rodríguez, J. A., Medina-Juárez, L. A., Ortega-García, J., Cázarez-Casanova, R., & Angulo-Guerrero, O. (1999). Antioxidant activity in soybean oil of extracts from thompson grape bagasse, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 76, 1445-1447.
• Ikuta, K., Hashimoto, K., Kaneko, H., Mori, S., Ohashi, K., & Suzutani, T. (2012). Anti-viral and anti-bacterial activities of an extract of blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L.). Microbiology and Immunology, 56(12), 805-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00510.x
• Kasangana, P. B., Haddad, P. S., & Stevanovic, T. 2015. Study of polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of Myrianthus Arboreus (Cecropiaceae) root bark extracts. Antioxidants, 4(2): 410-426. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4020410
• Kendir, G., Köroğlu, A., Özek, G., Özek, T., & Başer, K. H. C. (2018). Glandular trichome structures and chemical composition of the volatiles of five Ribes species from Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 31(2), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2018.1547226
• Kiliç, C. S., Koyuncu, M., Özek, T., & Başer, K. H. C. (2008). Essential Oil of the Leaves of Ribes nigrum L. from Turkey. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 20(6), 512-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700074
• Küçük, M., Güleç, C., Üçüncü, O., Yaşar, A., Gaydan, F., Coşkunçebi, K., Terzioğlu, S., & Yaylı, N. (2006). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. chamaedrys, T. Orientale var. puberulens, and T. Chamaedrys subsp. lydium. Pharmaceutical Biology, 44(8), 592-599. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200600896868
• Matuschek, E., Brown, D. F. J., & Kahlmeter, G. (2014). Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(4), O255-O266. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12373
• Moosavy, M. H., Hassanzadeh, P., Mohammadzadeh, E., Mahmoudi, R., Khatibi S. A., & Mardani K. (2017). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Lemon (Citrus limon) peel in vitro and in a food model. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control, 4(2), 42-48.
• Ogm. (2021). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü 2020 Yılı İdare Faaliyet Raporu. Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/faaliyet-raporu
• Olszowy, M., & Dawidowicz, A.L. (2016). Essential oils as antioxidants: their evaluation by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and β-carotene bleaching methods. Monatshefte für Chemie, 147(12), 2083-2091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-016-1837-0
• Puertas-Mej´ıa, M., Hillebrand, S., Stashenko, E., & Winterhalter, P. (2002). In vitro radical scavenging activity of essential oils from Columbian plants and fractions from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17, 380-384. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1110
• Qiang, W., & Wen-Hu, Guo. (2020). Chemical components of volatile oil from leaves and stems of Celtis sinensis Pers. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(4), 772-778. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/0972060X.2020.1794984
• Sağdıç, O., & Özcan, M. (2002). Antibacterial activity of Turkish Spice Hydrosols. Food Control, 14(3), 141-143. http://dx.doI.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00057-9
• Sağdıç, O., Ozturk, I., Ozkan, G., Yetim, H., Ekici, L., & Yilmaz, M. (2011). RP-HPLC-DAD analysis of phenolic compounds in pomace extracts from five grape cultivars: Evaluation of their antioxidant, antiradical and antifungal activities in orange and apple juices, Food Chemistry, 126(4), 1749-1758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.075
• Sanchez-Moreno, C., Larrauri, J. A., & Saura-Calixto, F. (1998). A procedure to measure the antiradical efficiency of polyphenols. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 76(2), 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199802)76:2<270::AID-JSFA945>3.0.CO;2-9
• Sánchez-Moreno, C. (2002). Methods used to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity in foods and biological systems. Food Science and Technology International, 8(3), 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1106/108201302026770
• Sharma, N., & Tripathi, A. (2006). Fungitoxicity of the essential oil of citrus sinensis on postharvest pathogens. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22(6), 587-593 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-005-9075-3
• Stević, T., Šavikin, K., Ristić, M., Zdunić, G., Janković, T., Krivokuća-Đokić, D., & Vulić, T. (2010). Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the leaves of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivar Čačanska crna. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 75(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC1001035S
• Üçüncü, O., Cansu, T. B., Özdemir, T., Karaoğlu, Ş. A., & Yaylı, N. (2010). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Mosses (Tortula muralis Hedw., Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob., Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb.) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 34(5), 825-834. https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1002-62
• Viuda-Martos, M., Navajas, Y. R., Zapata, E. S., Fernández-López, J., & Pérez-Álvarez J. A. (2010). Antioxidant activity of essential oils of five spice plants widely used in a Mediterranean diet. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25, 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1951