Mineralogy and Hydrotermal Alteration of Kıbletepe (Trabzon, NE Turkey) Volcanogenic Massive Zn-Cu Mineralization

Year 2014, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 16 - 35, 11.03.2014

Sema Akyürek Ferkan Sipahi

https://doi.org/10.17714/gufbed.2014.04.002

Abstract

In the Kıbletepe (Araklı, Trabzon) and its surrounding areas at the eastern Black Sea Region, Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks consist of basalt, andesite and their pyroclastics that they are overlain by dacite, rhyolite and their pyroclastics at the basement cutting off by dykes of basalt and andesite. Late Cretaceous aged dacitic and rhyolitic rocks have hyalo-porphyric and spherulitic textures and consist of plagioclase, quartz and hornblende minerals.
The Kıbletepe mineralization is observed in the form of stockwork, disseminated and brecciated texture. The main ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite with minor amounts of fahlore, digenite, covellite and malachite. Quartz, calcite and clay minerals are found as gang minerals. Exsolution lamellia texture was developed sphalerite together with chalcopyrite. Sericitization, silicification, clay alteration and lesser amount carbonatization, chloritization, hematization and limonitization are generally observed in the wall rocks around the mineralizations. As clay minerals, illite, kaolenite, chlorite, simectite and less amount of interlayered illite/simectite were determined.
As a result, the volcanics in the Kıbletepe reflect similarities to the hydrothermal alteration of the massive sulphide deposits in the eastern Black Sea Region and the ore are developed from hydrothermal fluids related to the eastern Black Sea island arc volcanism.

Keywords

Felsic Rocks, Eastern Black Sea Region, Hydrothermal Alteration, Kıbletepe, Massive Sulphide Mineralization,

Kıbletepe (Trabzon, KD Türkiye) Volkanojenik Masif Zn-Cu Cevherleşmesinin Mineralojisi ve Hidrotermal Alterasyonu

Abstract

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde, Kıbletepe (Araklı, Trabzon) ve çevresindeki volkanik kayaçlar Geç Kretase yaşlı olup, tabanda bazalt, andezit ve piroklastları, bunların üstündeki dasit, riyolit ve piroklastları ile bunları kesen bazalt ve andezit dayklarından oluşmaktadır. Geç Kretase yaşlı dasitik ve riyolitik kayaçlar hyalo-porfirik ve sferulitik dokuda olup, başlıca plajiyoklas, kuvars ve hornblend minerallerinden oluşmaktadır.
Kıbletepe Cevherleşmesi ağsal, saçınımlı ve breşik yapıda bulunmaktadır. Pirit, sfalerit, kalkopirit ve daha az oranda fahlerz, dijenit, kovellin ve malahit cevher minerallerini oluşturmaktadır. Gang mineralleri ise kalsit, kuvars ve kil mineralleridir. Sfalerit ile kalkopirit ayrılım dokusu oluşturmaktadırlar. Cevherleşmelerin etrafındaki yan kayaçlarda genellikle serizitleşme, silisleşme, killeşme ve daha az karbonatlaşma, kloritleşme, hematitleşme ve limonitleşme türü alterasyonlar izlenmektedir. Başlıca kil mineralleri illit, kaolinit, klorit ve simektit olup, az oranda illit/simektit aratabakalaşması belirlenmiştir.


Sonuç olarak, Kıbletepe'deki volkanitler, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki masif sülfit yataklarının gösterdiği ayrışma özelliklerine benzer ayrışmalar göstermekte ve bunlardaki cevherleşme Doğu Karadeniz ada yayı volkanizmasına bağlı olarak gelişen hidrotermal çözeltilerle ilişkilidir.

Keywords

Felsik Kayaçlar, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi, Hidrotermal Alterasyon, Masif Sülfid Cevherleşmesi

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