Activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K in Cystoseira barbata samples harvested from the Eastern Black Sea coast of Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1049 - 1057, 15.12.2024

Nilay Akçay

https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1471768

Abstract

Macroalgae are important bioorganisms used in fish feed and food industry. In addition, macroalgae are used in studies to determine radioactive pollution levels in the seas. In this study, it was aimed to determine the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K in Cystoseira barbata which is a brown macroalgae samples obtained from the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. Gamma spectrometry analyzes of the samples were carried out with high purity germanium (HPGe) detector system in the Nuclear Physics laboratory of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University. The average 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs and 40K activity concentrations in the samples were found to be 11.2, 7.61, 2.74 and 690.7 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The average annual effective dose values resulting from these radionuclides were obtained as 3.14, 1.75, 0.04 and 4.28 µSv.y-1, respectively. Total annual effective dose values calculated with the contribution of all radionuclides were found to be in the range of 1.37-18.83 µSv.y-1. The calculated annual effective dose values are lower than 0.29 mSv.y-1, which is stated by UNSCEAR as the average annual effective dose received through ingestion of natural radionuclides, and the samples examined do not pose any radiological risk.

Keywords

Bioindicator, Black sea, Cystoseira barbata, Macroalg, Radioactivity

Ethical Statement

The authors of this article declare that the materials and methods used in this study do not require ethical committee approval and/or legal-specific permission.

Supporting Institution

In this study, the data obtained from the Doctorate Thesis of first author titled “Determination of radioactivity levels for sea water, sediment and some macroalgae in Black Sea coast” accepted by Karadeniz Technical University, the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, in 2013 were used. Additionaly, a part of this study was supported by the RTEU Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit within the scope of project number 2011.102.01.1.

Thanks

We would like to thank the editor and referees for their contributions to the review and evaluation phase of the article.

Türkiye’nin Doğu Karadeniz kıyılarından toplanan Cystoseira barbata numunelerindeki 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs ve 40K aktivite konsantrasyonları

Abstract

Makroalgler, balık yemi ve gıda sanayinde kullanılan önemli biyoorganizmalardır. Ayrıca makroalglerden denizlerdeki radyoaktif kirlilik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi çalışmalarında yararlanılır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin Doğu Karadeniz kıyılarından toplanan kahverengi bir macroalg olan Cystoseira barbata numunelerinde 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs ve 40K aktivite konsantrasyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Örneklerin gama spektrometre analizleri Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Nükleer Fizik laboratuvarında bulunan yüksek saflıktaki germanyum (HPGe) dedektör sistemiyle gerçekleştirildi. Numunelerdeki ortalama 226Ra, 232Th, 137Cs ve 40K aktivite konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 11.2, 7.61, 2.74 ve 690.7 Bq.kg-1 olarak bulundu. Bu radyonüklitlerden kaynaklanan ortalama yıllık etkin doz değerleri sırasıyla 3.14, 1.75, 0.04 ve 4.28 µSv.y-1 olarak elde edildi. Tüm radyonüklitlerin katkısı ile hesaplanan toplam yıllık etkin doz değerleri 1.37-18.8 µSv.y-1 aralığında bulundu. Hesaplanan yıllık etkin doz değerleri UNSCEAR tarafından doğal radyonüklitlerin sindirimi yoluyla alınan ortalama yıllık etkin doz değeri olarak belirtilen 0.29 mSv.y-1’den düşüktür ve incelenen numuneler radyolojik açıdan herhangi bir risk teşkil etmemektedir.

Keywords

Biyoindikatör, Karadeniz, Cystoseira barbata, Makroalg, Radyoaktivite

Supporting Institution

In this study, the data obtained from the Doctorate Thesis of first author titled “Determination of radioactivity levels for sea water, sediment and some macroalgae in Black Sea coast” accepted by Karadeniz Technical University, the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, in 2013 were used. Additionaly, a part of this study was supported by the RTEU Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit within the scope of project number 2011.102.01.1.

Thanks

We would like to thank the editor and referees for their contributions to the review and evaluation phase of the article.

References

• Abojassim, A. A., Abd, H. H., Hamed, D. N., & Abdullah, A. A. (2014). Study of radioactivity levels in detergent powders samples by gamma spectroscopy. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 7(4), 532-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.09.001
• Akçay, N. (2013). Determination of radioactivity levels for sea water, sediment and some macroalgae in Black Sea coast [Doctorate Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences].
• Alkan, A., Serdar, S., & Fidan, D. (2008). Kirlilik ve Karadeniz. Aquaculture Studies, 2008(1), 6-7. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunus.53213
• Al-Masri, M. S., Mamish, S., & Budier, Y. (2003). Radionuclides and trace metals in eastern Mediterranean Sea algae. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 67(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00177-7
• Bakan, G., & Büyükgüngör, H. (2000). The Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 41(1–6), 24-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00100-4
• Baykara, O., & Doğru, M. (2009). Determination of terrestrial gamma, 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil along fracture zones. Radiation Measurements, 44(1), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.10.001
• Canbazoğlu, C., & Doğru, M. (2013). A preliminary study on 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations in vegetables and fruits frequently consumed by inhabitants of Elazığ Region, Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry, 295, 1245–1249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1995-4
• Gahrouei D. S., Gholami, M., & Setayandeh, S. (2013). A review on natural background radiation. Advanced Biomedical Research,2(3), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.115821
• Güven, K. C., Plevneli, M., Cevher, E., Topcuoğlu, S., Köse, N., Bulut, M., & Bayülgen, N. (1990). The radioactivity level of Black Sea marine algae before and after the Chernobyl accident. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 27(4), 297-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249009357583
• Güven, K. C., Topcuoğlu, S., & Güngör, N. (1993). Chernobyl radioactivity in algae collected from the Marmara and Black Sea. Turkish J. Nucl. Sci. 20, 21-31.
• IAEA. (1989). Measurement of radionuclides in food and the environment. International Atomic Energy Agency (Technical reports series no: 295). https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/trs295_web.pdf
• ICRP. (1996). Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides, (Part: 5), Compilations of ingestion and inhalation dose coefficients. International Commission on Radiological Protection (Publication no: 72). https://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2072
• İrkin, L. C., & Erduğan, H. (2014). Çanakkale Boğazı’nda yayılış gösteren Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh’nın kimyasal kompozisyonunun mevsimsel olarak incelenmesi. Ege Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 31(4), 209-213. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2014.31.4.06
• Kaya, M., & Doğan, S. (2023). Nükleer santrallerin turizm üzerine etkilerinin yerel halkın bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesi: Sinop örneği. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 672-694. https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1325251
• Kritidis, P., & Florou, H. (1990). Estimation of 137Cs deposited in Aegean, Cretian Ionian Sea after the Chernobyl accident. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Medit. 32(1), 318.
• Kurt, O. (1999). Dikili körfezi (Ege denizi, Türkiye) kayalık sahillerinin başlıca bentik algleri [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
• Mihai, S. A., Hurtgen, C., & Georgescu, I. I. (1999). Radioactive accumulation in alga samples from Romanian Black Sea coast. Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry, 242(2), 419-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02345572
• Mwendwa, R., Wawire, M., & Kahenya, P. (2023). Potential for Use of Seaweed as a Fish Feed Ingredient: A Review. Journal of Agricultural Science, 15(2), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n2p96
• Ribera, M. A., Garreta, A. G., Gallardo, T., Cormaci, M., Furnari, G., & Giaccone, G. (1992). Checklist of Mediterranean Seaweeds. I. Fucophyceae (Warming, 1884). Botanica Marina, 35, 109-130. https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1992.35.2.109
• Sam, A. K., Ahamed, M. M. O., El Khangi, F. A., El Nigumi, Y. O., & Holm, E. (1998). Radioactivity levels in the Red Sea coastal environment of Sudan. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(98)90025-X
• Sawidis, T., Heinrich, G., & Brown, M. T. (2003). Cesium-137 concentrations in marine macroalgae from different biotopes in the Aegean Sea (Greece). Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety, 54(3), 249-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00021-0
• Strezov, A., & Nonova, T. (2005). Radionuclide accumulation in green and brown macroalgae at the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry, 265(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0784-8
• Sze, P. (1998). A Biology of the Algae. Third Edition, Georgetown University, 278.
• Taşkın, E. (1999). İskenderun körfezi (Hatay sahili) makroalgleri [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
• Tejera, A., Sanchez, L. P., Guerra, G., Velasquez, A. C. A., Alonso, H., Arnedo, M. A., Rubiano, G., & Martel, P. (2019). Natural radioactivity in algae arrivals on the Canary coast and dosimetry assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 658, 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.140
• Topcuoğlu, S., Kut, D., Esen, N., Güngör, N., Eğilli, E.Ö., & Kirbaşoğlu, Ç. (2001). 137Cs in biota and sediments from Turkish coast of the Black Sea, 1997-1998. Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry, 250(2), 381-384. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017932604374
• UNSCEAR. (2000). Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2000 report to the general assembly, with scientific annexes (Volume I: Sources). https://www.unscear.org/docs/publications/2000/UNSCEAR_2000_Report_Vol.I.pdf
• Varinlioğlu, A., Küçükcezzar, R., & Köse, A. (1997). Radioecological measurements in the algae from İskenderun Bay. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 64(1-4), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249709358541
• Yeşilova, K. (2014). Karadeniz'in batı kıyılarındaki baskın makroalglerde protein, karbonhidrat ve yağ içeriklerinin mevsimsel araştırılması [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
• Yılmaz, A. (2002). Türkiye denizlerinin biyojeokimyası: Dağılımlar ve dönüşümler. Turkish Journal of Engineering & Environmental Sciences, 26(2), 219 - 235.