Research Article
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Determination of physical, aging and workability properties of asphalt binders with orange peel additives

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 684 - 696, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1665294

Abstract

In the study, the effect of orange peels, a biomass source and a domestic waste, on the physical, aging, and workability properties of asphalt was investigated. For this purpose, modified asphalts were prepared by adding 13%, 15%, 17% and 19% ground orange peels to B 50/70 asphalt by weight. The physical properties of these asphalts were determined by softening point, ductility, and penetration tests, short-term aging by the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) test and workability properties by the rotational viscometer (RV) test. In addition, penetration index (PI) values were calculated to determine the sensitivity of orange peel-added asphalts to temperature. As a result of all the tests performed, it was observed that the hardness of asphalt binders and their resistance to high temperatures and oxidation increased with the addition of orange peels (at a rate of 19%) compared to pure asphalt. As a result, it was observed that orange peels, an energy source and waste material, have positive effects on the physical, aging and workability properties of asphalt binders.

References

  • Adeleke, A. A., Ikubanni, P. P., Emmanuel, S. S., Fajobi, M. O., Nwachukwu, P., Adesibikan, A. A., Odusote, J. K., Adeyemi, E. O., Abioye, O. M. & Okolie, J. A. (2024). A comprehensive review on the similarity and disparity of torrefied biomass and coal properties. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 199, 114502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114502
  • Ahmed, A., Ali, S., Ahmed, A. & Khan, F. (2024). Investigating the ımpact of domestic sewage on asphalt concrete pavement strength. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 14(2), 13617–13623. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6736
  • Ajibade, O. A., Agunsoye, J. O. & Oke, S. A. (2024). Determination of critical properties of orange peel for a polymer reinforcement material. Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, 66(2), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.31276/VJSTE.66(2).61-68
  • Andiloro, S., Calabrò, P. S., Folino, A., Zema, D. A. & Zimbone, S. M. (2021). Evaluating the pollution risk of soil due to natural drainage of orange peel: First results. Environments, 8(5), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8050043
  • Anonim. (n.d.). Portakal Kabuğunun Faydaları Nelerdir?Medical Park. https://www.medicalpark.com.tr/portakal-kabugu-faydalari/hg-4986
  • Arabani, M., Amiri, A. & Hassanjani, M. H. (2024). Utilizing olive pomace oil and the extrusion of SBS and PVC to enhance the physical and rheological characteristics of asphalt binder. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 21, e04097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04097
  • Atlı, H. F. & Sahin, A. (2021). Hatay ili Dörtyol ilçesinde portakal üretim ve pazarlaması. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 834–846. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.817187
  • Canpolat, M., Altunkaynak, Y. & Yavuz, Ö. (2022). Bakır (II) iyonlarının sulu çözeltilerden atık portakal kabuğu ile uzaklaştırılması: denge, kinetik ve termodinamik çalışmalar. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(3), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1101318
  • Enerji, A. (2024). Biyokütle. https://www.aydemenerji.com.tr/blog/196/biyokutle-nedir-/
  • Erdoğdu, S. (2023). Portakal ve nar kabuğu atıklarının bisküvi ve kek üretiminde kullanım olanakları [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
  • Fazzino, F., Luque, R., Paone, E., Pedullà, A., Sidari, R. & Calabrò, P. S. (2022). Long-term preservation of orange peel waste for the production of acids and biogas. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 10(41), 13733–13741. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03878
  • Geçkil T, İnce C.B. (2021). Atık LDPE'nin asfaltın fiziksel ve işlenebilirlik özelliklerine etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 1103-1114. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.931151
  • Giwa, S. O., Muhammad, M. & Giwa, A. (2018). Utilizing orange peels for essential oil production. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(1), 17–27.
  • Hilali, S., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S., Ruiz, K., Hejjaj, A., Ait Nouh, F., Idlimam, A., Bily, A., Mandi, L. & Chemat, F. (2019). Green extraction of essential oils, polyphenols, and pectins from orange peel employing solar energy: toward a zero-waste biorefinery. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7(13), 11815–11822. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02281
  • İnce, C. B. (2023). Çöp atıklarından elde edilen geopolimerlerin sıcak karışım asfalt kaplamalarda kullanımının araştırılması [Doktora Tezi, İnönü Ünivesitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
  • İşyaran, B. (n.d.). Farklı Narenciye Atıklarının Fizikokimyasal Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi. https://icerik.gidamo.org.tr/uploads/portal/resimler/ekler/4496ec79ba15994_ek.pdf
  • Jasim, E. N. & Joni, H. H. (2024). Assessment of potential resistance to moisture damage and fatigue cracks of asphalt mixture modified with ground granulated blast furnace slag. Open Engineering, 14(1), 20220551. https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0551
  • Javadi, N. H. S., Heydari, S. & Hajimohammadi, A. (2024). Evaluating Effectiveness of Multi-Component Waste Plastic Bags on Bitumen Properties: Physical, Rheological, and Aging. Polymers, 16(12), 1669. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16121669
  • Jexembayeva, A., Konkanov, M., Aruova, L., Kirgizbayev, A. & Zhaksylykova, L. (2024). Modifying Bitumen with Recycled PET Plastics to Enhance Its Water Resistance and Strength Characteristics. Polymers, 16(23), 3300. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233300
  • Kapluhan, E. (2014). Enerji coğrafyası açısından bir inceleme: biyokütle enerjisinin dünyadaki ve türkiye’deki kullanım durumu. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 30. https://doi.org/10.14781/mcd.98631
  • Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü. (2013). Karayolları Teknik Şartnamesi.
  • Kilani, A., Olubambi, A., Ikotun, B., Adeleke, O. & Adetayo, O. (2022). Structural performance of concrete reinforced with banana and orange peel fibers-a review. Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 7(4), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.47481/jscmt.1144427
  • Meng, F., Yang, B., Wang, B., Duan, S., Chen, Z. & Ma, W. (2017). Novel dendrimerlike magnetic biosorbent based on modified orange peel waste: Adsorption–reduction behavior of arsenic. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(11), 9692–9700. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01273
  • Michael-Igolima, U., Abbey, S. J., Ifelebuegu, A. O. & Eyo, E. U. (2023). Modified orange peel waste as a sustainable material for adsorption of contaminants. Materials, 16(3), 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031092
  • Mirhosseini, S. A. F., Khabiri, M. M., Kavussi, A. & Kamali, M. H. J. (2016). Applying surface free energy method for evaluation of moisture damage in asphalt mixtures containing date seed ash. Construction and Building Materials, 125, 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.056
  • Mohsin, A., Hussain, M. H., Zaman, W. Q., Mohsin, M. Z., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Tian, X., Salim-Ur-Rehman, Khan, I. M. & Niazi, S. (2022). Advances in sustainable approaches utilizing orange peel waste to produce highly value-added bioproducts. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 42(8), 1284–1303. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2021.2002805
  • Ogbon, W. A., Jiang, W., Yuan, D., Tong, L., Xiao, J. & Wu, W. (2025). Efficiency of diallyl phthalate (DAP) and sunflower oil (SO) as potential rejuvenators for the aged high-viscosity modified asphalt binder. Fuel, 388, 134580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134580
  • Olubajo, O. O., Odey, O. A. & Abdullahi, B. (2019). Potential of orange peel ash as a cement replacement material. Traektoriâ Nauki= Path of Science, 5(7), 2009–2019.
  • Özkan, A., Yapıcı, E., Günkaya, Z. & Banar, M. (2018). Atık portakal kabuklarıyla baskılı devre kartlarından paladyum adsorpsiyonu. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 201–206. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufbed.26752
  • Pekin Ticaret Müşavirliği. (2024). ÇHC Portakal – Narenciye Raporu. https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b8a43345c7495406a226efd/ÇHC Narenciye Sektör Raporu.pdf
  • Raciti, A., Dugo, G., Piccione, P., Zappalà, S. & Martelli, C. (2019). A new sustainable product in the green building sector: The use of sicilian orange peel waste as high performance insulation. Procedia of Environmental Science, Engeneering and management, 6(2), 229–235.
  • Şenol, H., Elibol, E. A., Açıkel, Ü. & Şenol, M. (2017). Türkiye’de biyogaz üretimi için başlıca biyokütle kaynakları. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.315118
  • Shirzad, S. & Zouzias, H. (2024). Enhancing the performance of wood-based bio-asphalt: strategies and innovations. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 26(7), 2095–2115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-02745-x
  • Sienkiewicz, M., Gnatowski, P., Malus, M., Grzegórska, A., Ipakchi, H., Jouyandeh, M., Kucińska-Lipka, J., Navarro, F. J. & Saeb, M. R. (2024). Eco-friendly modification of bitumen: The effects of rubber wastes and castor oil on the microstructure, processability and properties. Journal of Cleaner Production, 447, 141524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141524
  • Sukhija, M., Al-ani, A. F., Mohammad, H. K., Albayati, A. & Wang, Y. (2024). Exploring the efficacy of sawdust ash as a mineral filler substitute for the production of asphalt mixtures. Materials and Structures, 57(5), 126. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-024-02402-1
  • Uzun, A. (2015). Turunçgil Yetiştiriciliği. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/alata/Belgeler/Diger-belgeler/TurunçgilYetiştiriciliğiAUzun.pdf
  • Zhang, H., Zhang, Q., Tang, S., Pei, Y. & Skoczylas, F. (2024). Effects of fly ash and silica fume on the rheological properties of magnesium phosphate cement-emulsified asphalt (MPC-EA) composite repair materials. Construction and Building Materials, 433, 136708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136708
  • Zhang, L., Feng, Z., Cai, F., Lu, Z. & Li, X. (2025). Quantitative determination for rubber powder dosage in rubber powder modified bitumen: A comparative study of the QCT and FTIR tests. Construction and Building Materials, 462, 139989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.139989
  • Zhang, M.-X., Du, W., Li, Y.-X., Wang, Y.-M., Wang, X.-N. & Liu, X.-C. (2024). High-temperature rheological behavior and fatigue performance of montmorillonite-modified asphalt. Coatings, 14(8), 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14081038
  • Zhao, H., Li, G., Ma, Y., Yu, X., Chen, Y. & Li, W. (2024). Long-term performance of chemically modified cotton straw fibers in micro-surfacing asphalt mixtures. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 20, e03294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03294

Portakal kabuğu katkılı asfalt bağlayıcıların fiziksel, yaşlanma ve işlenebilirlik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 684 - 696, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1665294

Abstract

Çalışmada, bir biyokütle kaynağı ve evsel bir atık olan portakal kabuklarının asfaltın fiziksel, yaşlanma ve işlenebilirlik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bunun için, B 50/70 asfaltına ağırlıkça %13, %15, %17 ve %19 oranlarında öğütülmüş portakal kabukları ilave edilerek modifiye asfaltlar hazırlanmıştır. Bu asfaltların fiziksel özellikleri yumuşama noktası, düktilite ve penetrasyon testleri ile, kısa dönem yaşlanması dönel ince film etüvü (RTFO) testi ile, işlenebilirlik özellikleri ise dönel viskozimetre (RV) testi ile belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak, portakal kabuğu katkılı asfaltların sıcaklığa karşı hassasiyetlerini belirleyebilmek için ise penetrasyon indeksi (PI) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan tüm testler sonucunda, portakal kabukları ilavesiyle (%19 oranında) asfalt bağlayıcıların sertliğinin ve yüksek sıcaklık ve oksidasyona karşı direncinin saf asfalta göre artış gösterdiği görülmüştür. İlave olarak, uzama kabiliyetinin ise kısmen azaldığı görüşmüştür. Sonuçta, bir enerji kaynağı ve atık malzeme olan portakal kabuklarının asfalt bağlayıcıların fiziksel, yaşlanma ve işlenebilirlik özellikleri üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğu görülmüştür.

References

  • Adeleke, A. A., Ikubanni, P. P., Emmanuel, S. S., Fajobi, M. O., Nwachukwu, P., Adesibikan, A. A., Odusote, J. K., Adeyemi, E. O., Abioye, O. M. & Okolie, J. A. (2024). A comprehensive review on the similarity and disparity of torrefied biomass and coal properties. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 199, 114502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114502
  • Ahmed, A., Ali, S., Ahmed, A. & Khan, F. (2024). Investigating the ımpact of domestic sewage on asphalt concrete pavement strength. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 14(2), 13617–13623. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6736
  • Ajibade, O. A., Agunsoye, J. O. & Oke, S. A. (2024). Determination of critical properties of orange peel for a polymer reinforcement material. Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering, 66(2), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.31276/VJSTE.66(2).61-68
  • Andiloro, S., Calabrò, P. S., Folino, A., Zema, D. A. & Zimbone, S. M. (2021). Evaluating the pollution risk of soil due to natural drainage of orange peel: First results. Environments, 8(5), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8050043
  • Anonim. (n.d.). Portakal Kabuğunun Faydaları Nelerdir?Medical Park. https://www.medicalpark.com.tr/portakal-kabugu-faydalari/hg-4986
  • Arabani, M., Amiri, A. & Hassanjani, M. H. (2024). Utilizing olive pomace oil and the extrusion of SBS and PVC to enhance the physical and rheological characteristics of asphalt binder. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 21, e04097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04097
  • Atlı, H. F. & Sahin, A. (2021). Hatay ili Dörtyol ilçesinde portakal üretim ve pazarlaması. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 834–846. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.817187
  • Canpolat, M., Altunkaynak, Y. & Yavuz, Ö. (2022). Bakır (II) iyonlarının sulu çözeltilerden atık portakal kabuğu ile uzaklaştırılması: denge, kinetik ve termodinamik çalışmalar. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(3), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1101318
  • Enerji, A. (2024). Biyokütle. https://www.aydemenerji.com.tr/blog/196/biyokutle-nedir-/
  • Erdoğdu, S. (2023). Portakal ve nar kabuğu atıklarının bisküvi ve kek üretiminde kullanım olanakları [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
  • Fazzino, F., Luque, R., Paone, E., Pedullà, A., Sidari, R. & Calabrò, P. S. (2022). Long-term preservation of orange peel waste for the production of acids and biogas. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 10(41), 13733–13741. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03878
  • Geçkil T, İnce C.B. (2021). Atık LDPE'nin asfaltın fiziksel ve işlenebilirlik özelliklerine etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 1103-1114. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.931151
  • Giwa, S. O., Muhammad, M. & Giwa, A. (2018). Utilizing orange peels for essential oil production. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(1), 17–27.
  • Hilali, S., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S., Ruiz, K., Hejjaj, A., Ait Nouh, F., Idlimam, A., Bily, A., Mandi, L. & Chemat, F. (2019). Green extraction of essential oils, polyphenols, and pectins from orange peel employing solar energy: toward a zero-waste biorefinery. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 7(13), 11815–11822. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02281
  • İnce, C. B. (2023). Çöp atıklarından elde edilen geopolimerlerin sıcak karışım asfalt kaplamalarda kullanımının araştırılması [Doktora Tezi, İnönü Ünivesitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü].
  • İşyaran, B. (n.d.). Farklı Narenciye Atıklarının Fizikokimyasal Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi. https://icerik.gidamo.org.tr/uploads/portal/resimler/ekler/4496ec79ba15994_ek.pdf
  • Jasim, E. N. & Joni, H. H. (2024). Assessment of potential resistance to moisture damage and fatigue cracks of asphalt mixture modified with ground granulated blast furnace slag. Open Engineering, 14(1), 20220551. https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0551
  • Javadi, N. H. S., Heydari, S. & Hajimohammadi, A. (2024). Evaluating Effectiveness of Multi-Component Waste Plastic Bags on Bitumen Properties: Physical, Rheological, and Aging. Polymers, 16(12), 1669. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16121669
  • Jexembayeva, A., Konkanov, M., Aruova, L., Kirgizbayev, A. & Zhaksylykova, L. (2024). Modifying Bitumen with Recycled PET Plastics to Enhance Its Water Resistance and Strength Characteristics. Polymers, 16(23), 3300. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233300
  • Kapluhan, E. (2014). Enerji coğrafyası açısından bir inceleme: biyokütle enerjisinin dünyadaki ve türkiye’deki kullanım durumu. Marmara Coğrafya Dergisi, 30. https://doi.org/10.14781/mcd.98631
  • Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü. (2013). Karayolları Teknik Şartnamesi.
  • Kilani, A., Olubambi, A., Ikotun, B., Adeleke, O. & Adetayo, O. (2022). Structural performance of concrete reinforced with banana and orange peel fibers-a review. Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 7(4), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.47481/jscmt.1144427
  • Meng, F., Yang, B., Wang, B., Duan, S., Chen, Z. & Ma, W. (2017). Novel dendrimerlike magnetic biosorbent based on modified orange peel waste: Adsorption–reduction behavior of arsenic. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5(11), 9692–9700. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01273
  • Michael-Igolima, U., Abbey, S. J., Ifelebuegu, A. O. & Eyo, E. U. (2023). Modified orange peel waste as a sustainable material for adsorption of contaminants. Materials, 16(3), 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031092
  • Mirhosseini, S. A. F., Khabiri, M. M., Kavussi, A. & Kamali, M. H. J. (2016). Applying surface free energy method for evaluation of moisture damage in asphalt mixtures containing date seed ash. Construction and Building Materials, 125, 408–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.056
  • Mohsin, A., Hussain, M. H., Zaman, W. Q., Mohsin, M. Z., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Tian, X., Salim-Ur-Rehman, Khan, I. M. & Niazi, S. (2022). Advances in sustainable approaches utilizing orange peel waste to produce highly value-added bioproducts. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 42(8), 1284–1303. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2021.2002805
  • Ogbon, W. A., Jiang, W., Yuan, D., Tong, L., Xiao, J. & Wu, W. (2025). Efficiency of diallyl phthalate (DAP) and sunflower oil (SO) as potential rejuvenators for the aged high-viscosity modified asphalt binder. Fuel, 388, 134580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134580
  • Olubajo, O. O., Odey, O. A. & Abdullahi, B. (2019). Potential of orange peel ash as a cement replacement material. Traektoriâ Nauki= Path of Science, 5(7), 2009–2019.
  • Özkan, A., Yapıcı, E., Günkaya, Z. & Banar, M. (2018). Atık portakal kabuklarıyla baskılı devre kartlarından paladyum adsorpsiyonu. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 201–206. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufbed.26752
  • Pekin Ticaret Müşavirliği. (2024). ÇHC Portakal – Narenciye Raporu. https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b8a43345c7495406a226efd/ÇHC Narenciye Sektör Raporu.pdf
  • Raciti, A., Dugo, G., Piccione, P., Zappalà, S. & Martelli, C. (2019). A new sustainable product in the green building sector: The use of sicilian orange peel waste as high performance insulation. Procedia of Environmental Science, Engeneering and management, 6(2), 229–235.
  • Şenol, H., Elibol, E. A., Açıkel, Ü. & Şenol, M. (2017). Türkiye’de biyogaz üretimi için başlıca biyokütle kaynakları. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.315118
  • Shirzad, S. & Zouzias, H. (2024). Enhancing the performance of wood-based bio-asphalt: strategies and innovations. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 26(7), 2095–2115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-02745-x
  • Sienkiewicz, M., Gnatowski, P., Malus, M., Grzegórska, A., Ipakchi, H., Jouyandeh, M., Kucińska-Lipka, J., Navarro, F. J. & Saeb, M. R. (2024). Eco-friendly modification of bitumen: The effects of rubber wastes and castor oil on the microstructure, processability and properties. Journal of Cleaner Production, 447, 141524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141524
  • Sukhija, M., Al-ani, A. F., Mohammad, H. K., Albayati, A. & Wang, Y. (2024). Exploring the efficacy of sawdust ash as a mineral filler substitute for the production of asphalt mixtures. Materials and Structures, 57(5), 126. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-024-02402-1
  • Uzun, A. (2015). Turunçgil Yetiştiriciliği. https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/alata/Belgeler/Diger-belgeler/TurunçgilYetiştiriciliğiAUzun.pdf
  • Zhang, H., Zhang, Q., Tang, S., Pei, Y. & Skoczylas, F. (2024). Effects of fly ash and silica fume on the rheological properties of magnesium phosphate cement-emulsified asphalt (MPC-EA) composite repair materials. Construction and Building Materials, 433, 136708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136708
  • Zhang, L., Feng, Z., Cai, F., Lu, Z. & Li, X. (2025). Quantitative determination for rubber powder dosage in rubber powder modified bitumen: A comparative study of the QCT and FTIR tests. Construction and Building Materials, 462, 139989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.139989
  • Zhang, M.-X., Du, W., Li, Y.-X., Wang, Y.-M., Wang, X.-N. & Liu, X.-C. (2024). High-temperature rheological behavior and fatigue performance of montmorillonite-modified asphalt. Coatings, 14(8), 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14081038
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There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Transportation Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ceren Beyza İnce 0000-0002-6385-0964

Publication Date September 15, 2025
Submission Date March 25, 2025
Acceptance Date July 4, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA İnce, C. B. (2025). Portakal kabuğu katkılı asfalt bağlayıcıların fiziksel, yaşlanma ve işlenebilirlik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 684-696. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.1665294