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CIRCULAR ECONOMY: SUMMARY OF GERMANY CASE

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 14, 129 - 143, 05.01.2019

Abstract

With the transition from the agricultural community to the industrial society, a significant increase was
observed in the use of resources. Thanks to globalization, especially due to global economic growth, the use
of natural resources has increased and the environmental pressure related to production and consumption has
become significant. In the face of current growth approaches and trends, it is clear that in the next century there
will be inevitable, sudden and uncontrollable dramatic changes.
The phenomenon of circular economy, which has started to find its place in the agenda slowly, has been the
starting point of this study. The circular economy, which integrates the logic of nothing in nature into a trash,
focuses on the efficiency of material and energy flows. Germany is one of the leading countries in the world
to develop processes suitable for the cyclical economy. In this study, it is tried to explain the situation of cyclic
economy in Germany by referring to how circular economy is handled in the literature. 

References

  • ALMAN FEDERAL İSTATİSTİK OFİSİ (Statistisches Bundesamt) (2012). www.bmub.bund.de/P2218/
  • ALMAN ÇEVRE BAKANLIĞI (Federal Ministry for the Environment) (2018). Waste Management in Germany 2018. https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Pools/Broschueren/abfallwirtschaft_2018_en_bf.pdf
  • ANDERSEN, Mikael Skou (2007). “An Introductory Note on The Environmental Economics of The Circular Economy”. Sustainability Science, 2(1), 133-140.
  • BILITEWSKI, Bernd (2012). “The Circular Economy and its Risks”. Waste Man.32(1), 1.
  • BLOMSMA, Fenna ve Geraldine, BRENNAN (2017). “The Emergence of Circular Economy: A New Framing Around Prolonging Resource Productivity”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(3), 603-614.
  • BOCKEN, Nancy, de Pauw, I., Conny, BAKKER ve Van der GRİNTEN, B. (2016). “Product Design And Business Model Strategies for a Circular Economy”. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 33(5), 308-320.
  • BOULDING, Kenneth (1966). “The Economics Of The Coming Spaceship Earth”. Environmental Quality Issues in a Growing Economy, 27-35.
  • D'AMATO, Dalia, Nils, DROSTE, Ben, ALLEN, Marianne, KETTUNEN, Katja, LÄHTINEN, Jaana, KORHONEN, ve Anne, TOPPINEN (2017). “Green, Circular, Bio Economy: A Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Avenues”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 716-734.
  • EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (EEA) (2015). Circular economy in Europe. Developing the knowledge base. EEA Report No 2/2016, Copenhagen
  • EEA (2013). EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook, 2013 edition.
  • EMAF (Ellen MacArthur Foundation). (2018). The Circular Economy Applied to the Automotive Industry.
  • EMAF. (2013). Towards the circular economy. Opportunities for the consumer goods sector.
  • FICF (Finland's Independence Celebration Fund) ve Mckinsey (2014). The Possibilities of Circular Economy for Finland. SITRA, Helsinki, Finland
  • FROSCH, Robert ve Nicholas GALLOPOULOS (1989). “Strategies for Manufacturing”. Scientific American, 261(3), 144-153.
  • GEISSDOERFER, Martin, Paulo, SAVAGET, Nancy, BOCKEN ve Erik, HULTINK (2017). “The Circular Economy–A New Sustainability Paradigm?”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757-768.
  • GENG, Yong, Jia, FU, Joseph, SARKIS ve Bing, XUE (2012). “Towards a National Circular Economy Indicator System in China: An Evaluation and Critical Analysis”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 23(1), 216-224.
  • GENG, Yong, Brent, DOBERSTEIN (2008). “Developing the Circular Economy in China: Challenges and Opportunities for Achieving 'leapfrog development”. The International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 15(3), 231-239.
  • GHISELLINI, Patrizia, Catia, CIALANI ve Sergio, ULGIATI (2016). “A Review on Circular Economy: The Expected Transition to a Balanced Interplay of Environmental and Economic Systems”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32.
  • HAAS, Willi, Fridolin, KRAUSMANN, Dominik, WIEDENHOFER ve Markus, HEINZ (2015). “How Circular is the Global Economy?: An Assessment of Material Flows, Waste Production, and Recycling in The European Union and the World in 2005”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(5), 765-777.
  • HOMRICH, Aline, Graziela, GALVÃO, Lorena, ABADIA ve Marly, CARVALHO (2018). “The Circular Economy Umbrella: Trends and Gaps on Integrating Pathways”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 525-543.
  • JIAO, Wenting ve Frank, BOONS (2014). “Toward a Research Agenda for Policy Intervention and Facilitation to Enhance Industrial Symbiosis Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 67, 14-25.
  • KIRCHHERR, Julian, Denise, REIKE ve Marko, HEKKERT (2017). “Conceptualizing the Circular Economy: An Analysis of 114 Definitions”. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 127, 221-232.
  • LANKESTER, Arthur (2018). What is a Circular Economy? https://www.changinggears.net/what-is-circular-economy/
  • MACARTHUR, Ellen (2013). Towards the Circular Economy, Economic and Business Rationale for an Accelerated Transition. Ellen MacArthur Foundation: Cowes, UK.
  • MASI, Donato, Steven, DAY ve Janet, GODSELL (2017). “Supply Chain Configurations in the Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review”. Sustainability, 9(9), 1602.
  • MCNEILL, John (2001). Something new under the sun: An environmental history of the twentieth-century world (the global century series). WW Norton & Company.
  • MEADOWS, Donella, Dennis, MEADOWS ve Jorgen, RANDERS (1992). Beyond the limits: global collapse or a sustainable future. Earthscan Publications, London.
  • MEJÍA-VİLLA, Andres (2016). What might be the design of a new generation of innovation models?. In Big Questions in Creativity. Icsc Press Buffalo.
  • METI (2004). Handbook on Resource Recycling Legislation and 3R Initiatives. Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Tokyo.
  • MUSULIN, Kristin (2018). Germany is No. 1 on Politico's circular economy index for EU, https://www.wastedive.com/news/germany-circular-economy-index-number-one-politico/523957/
  • NELIGAN, Adriana (2016). Moving towards a circular economy: Europe between ambitions and reality (No. 9/2016). IW policy paper.
  • NELLES, Michael, GRÜNES, J., ve MORSCHECK, G. (2016). “Waste Management in Germany–Development to a Sustainable Circular Economy?”. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, 6-14.
  • PEARCE, David ve Kerry TURNER (1990). Economics of natural resources and the environment. JHU Press.
  • PRESTON, Felix (2012). A global redesign? Shaping the circular economy. London: Chatham House.
  • PRIETO-SANDOVAL, Vanessa, Carmen, JACA ve Marta, ORMAZABAL, (2017). “Circular Economy: Relationship with the Evolution of the Concept of Sustainability and Strategies for its Implementation”. Memoria-Investigaciones en Ingenieria, (15), 85-95.
  • REIKE, Denise, Walter, VERMEULEN ve Sjors, WITJES (2018). “The circular economy: New or Refurbished as CE 3.0?—Exploring Controversies in the Conceptualization of the Circular Economy through a Focus on History and Resource Value Retention Options”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 246-264.
  • RIZOS, Vasileios, Katja, TUOKKO ve Arno, BEHRENS (2017). “The Circular Economy: A review of Definitions, Processes and Impacts”. CEPS Research Report, 2017/8, April 2017.
  • STAHEL, Walter (2016). “The Circular Economy”. Nature News, 531(7595), 435.
  • SU, Biewi, Almas, HESHMATI, Yong, GENG ve Xiaoman, YU (2013). “A Review of the Circular Economy in China: Moving from Rhetoric to Implementation”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 42, 215-227.
  • TECHNOPOLIS GROUP (in consortium with Fraunhofer ISI, Thinkstep and Wuppertal Institute), (2016). Regulatory barriers for the circular economy lessons from ten case studies. Final Report Technopolis Group.
  • UN (United Nations) (1987). Our Common Future - Brundtland Report.
  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). (2015). Global Waste Management Outlook. UNEP, Producer), 11(07), 2016.
  • URBINATI, Andrea, Davide, CHIARONI ve Vittorio, CHIESA (2017). “Towards a New Taxonomy of Circular Economy Business Models”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 487-498.
  • WILTS, Henning (2017). Surprise, Surprise: Germany is not that Circular (Interview) http://www.circularchange.com/circular-economy-germany/
  • YUAN, Zengwei, Jun, BI ve Yuichi, MORIGUICHI (2006). “The Circular Economy: A New Development Strategy in China”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10(1‐2), 4-8.
  • ZHAOQIAN, Li ve Qi, JIANGUO (2004). “Literature Review of Circular Economy Theory and Practice”. Journal of Quantitative and Technical Economics, 9, 145-154.

DÖNGÜSEL EKONOMİ: ALMANYA’DAKİ DURUMUN BİR ÖZETİ

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 14, 129 - 143, 05.01.2019

Abstract

Tarım toplumundan endüstri toplumuna geçilmesiyle birlikte kaynak kullanımında önemli bir artış
gözlenmiştir. Özellikle küreselleşme sayesinde, dünya genelinde yaşanan ekonomik büyümeye bağlı olarak,
doğal kaynak kullanımı artmış, üretim ve tüketime bağlı çevresel baskı da önemli düzeyde belirgin hale
gelmiştir. Mevcut büyüme yaklaşımları ve trendlerinde ısrar edilmesi halinde gelecek yüzyıl içinde
kaçınılamaz, ani ve kontrol edilemez dramatik değişimlerin yaşanacağı açıktır.
Son dönemde yavaş da olsa gündemde kendine yer bulmaya başlayan döngüsel ekonomi olgusu bu çalışmanın
çıkış noktası olmuştur. Doğada hiçbir şeyin çöp haline gelmediği mantığını eko-yenilikçilik olgusu ile
bütünleştiren döngüsel ekonomi, materyal ve enerji akışlarının verimliliğine odaklanır. Almanya döngüsel
ekonomiye uygun süreçler geliştirilmesi konusunda dünyanın önde gelen ülkelerindendir. Bu çalışma ile
döngüsel ekonomi olgusunun alan yazında nasıl ele alındığına değinilerek döngüsel ekonomiye ilişkin
Almanya’daki durum ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

References

  • ALMAN FEDERAL İSTATİSTİK OFİSİ (Statistisches Bundesamt) (2012). www.bmub.bund.de/P2218/
  • ALMAN ÇEVRE BAKANLIĞI (Federal Ministry for the Environment) (2018). Waste Management in Germany 2018. https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Pools/Broschueren/abfallwirtschaft_2018_en_bf.pdf
  • ANDERSEN, Mikael Skou (2007). “An Introductory Note on The Environmental Economics of The Circular Economy”. Sustainability Science, 2(1), 133-140.
  • BILITEWSKI, Bernd (2012). “The Circular Economy and its Risks”. Waste Man.32(1), 1.
  • BLOMSMA, Fenna ve Geraldine, BRENNAN (2017). “The Emergence of Circular Economy: A New Framing Around Prolonging Resource Productivity”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(3), 603-614.
  • BOCKEN, Nancy, de Pauw, I., Conny, BAKKER ve Van der GRİNTEN, B. (2016). “Product Design And Business Model Strategies for a Circular Economy”. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 33(5), 308-320.
  • BOULDING, Kenneth (1966). “The Economics Of The Coming Spaceship Earth”. Environmental Quality Issues in a Growing Economy, 27-35.
  • D'AMATO, Dalia, Nils, DROSTE, Ben, ALLEN, Marianne, KETTUNEN, Katja, LÄHTINEN, Jaana, KORHONEN, ve Anne, TOPPINEN (2017). “Green, Circular, Bio Economy: A Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Avenues”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 716-734.
  • EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (EEA) (2015). Circular economy in Europe. Developing the knowledge base. EEA Report No 2/2016, Copenhagen
  • EEA (2013). EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook, 2013 edition.
  • EMAF (Ellen MacArthur Foundation). (2018). The Circular Economy Applied to the Automotive Industry.
  • EMAF. (2013). Towards the circular economy. Opportunities for the consumer goods sector.
  • FICF (Finland's Independence Celebration Fund) ve Mckinsey (2014). The Possibilities of Circular Economy for Finland. SITRA, Helsinki, Finland
  • FROSCH, Robert ve Nicholas GALLOPOULOS (1989). “Strategies for Manufacturing”. Scientific American, 261(3), 144-153.
  • GEISSDOERFER, Martin, Paulo, SAVAGET, Nancy, BOCKEN ve Erik, HULTINK (2017). “The Circular Economy–A New Sustainability Paradigm?”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757-768.
  • GENG, Yong, Jia, FU, Joseph, SARKIS ve Bing, XUE (2012). “Towards a National Circular Economy Indicator System in China: An Evaluation and Critical Analysis”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 23(1), 216-224.
  • GENG, Yong, Brent, DOBERSTEIN (2008). “Developing the Circular Economy in China: Challenges and Opportunities for Achieving 'leapfrog development”. The International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 15(3), 231-239.
  • GHISELLINI, Patrizia, Catia, CIALANI ve Sergio, ULGIATI (2016). “A Review on Circular Economy: The Expected Transition to a Balanced Interplay of Environmental and Economic Systems”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32.
  • HAAS, Willi, Fridolin, KRAUSMANN, Dominik, WIEDENHOFER ve Markus, HEINZ (2015). “How Circular is the Global Economy?: An Assessment of Material Flows, Waste Production, and Recycling in The European Union and the World in 2005”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(5), 765-777.
  • HOMRICH, Aline, Graziela, GALVÃO, Lorena, ABADIA ve Marly, CARVALHO (2018). “The Circular Economy Umbrella: Trends and Gaps on Integrating Pathways”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 525-543.
  • JIAO, Wenting ve Frank, BOONS (2014). “Toward a Research Agenda for Policy Intervention and Facilitation to Enhance Industrial Symbiosis Based on a Comprehensive Literature Review”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 67, 14-25.
  • KIRCHHERR, Julian, Denise, REIKE ve Marko, HEKKERT (2017). “Conceptualizing the Circular Economy: An Analysis of 114 Definitions”. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 127, 221-232.
  • LANKESTER, Arthur (2018). What is a Circular Economy? https://www.changinggears.net/what-is-circular-economy/
  • MACARTHUR, Ellen (2013). Towards the Circular Economy, Economic and Business Rationale for an Accelerated Transition. Ellen MacArthur Foundation: Cowes, UK.
  • MASI, Donato, Steven, DAY ve Janet, GODSELL (2017). “Supply Chain Configurations in the Circular Economy: A Systematic Literature Review”. Sustainability, 9(9), 1602.
  • MCNEILL, John (2001). Something new under the sun: An environmental history of the twentieth-century world (the global century series). WW Norton & Company.
  • MEADOWS, Donella, Dennis, MEADOWS ve Jorgen, RANDERS (1992). Beyond the limits: global collapse or a sustainable future. Earthscan Publications, London.
  • MEJÍA-VİLLA, Andres (2016). What might be the design of a new generation of innovation models?. In Big Questions in Creativity. Icsc Press Buffalo.
  • METI (2004). Handbook on Resource Recycling Legislation and 3R Initiatives. Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Tokyo.
  • MUSULIN, Kristin (2018). Germany is No. 1 on Politico's circular economy index for EU, https://www.wastedive.com/news/germany-circular-economy-index-number-one-politico/523957/
  • NELIGAN, Adriana (2016). Moving towards a circular economy: Europe between ambitions and reality (No. 9/2016). IW policy paper.
  • NELLES, Michael, GRÜNES, J., ve MORSCHECK, G. (2016). “Waste Management in Germany–Development to a Sustainable Circular Economy?”. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, 6-14.
  • PEARCE, David ve Kerry TURNER (1990). Economics of natural resources and the environment. JHU Press.
  • PRESTON, Felix (2012). A global redesign? Shaping the circular economy. London: Chatham House.
  • PRIETO-SANDOVAL, Vanessa, Carmen, JACA ve Marta, ORMAZABAL, (2017). “Circular Economy: Relationship with the Evolution of the Concept of Sustainability and Strategies for its Implementation”. Memoria-Investigaciones en Ingenieria, (15), 85-95.
  • REIKE, Denise, Walter, VERMEULEN ve Sjors, WITJES (2018). “The circular economy: New or Refurbished as CE 3.0?—Exploring Controversies in the Conceptualization of the Circular Economy through a Focus on History and Resource Value Retention Options”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 246-264.
  • RIZOS, Vasileios, Katja, TUOKKO ve Arno, BEHRENS (2017). “The Circular Economy: A review of Definitions, Processes and Impacts”. CEPS Research Report, 2017/8, April 2017.
  • STAHEL, Walter (2016). “The Circular Economy”. Nature News, 531(7595), 435.
  • SU, Biewi, Almas, HESHMATI, Yong, GENG ve Xiaoman, YU (2013). “A Review of the Circular Economy in China: Moving from Rhetoric to Implementation”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 42, 215-227.
  • TECHNOPOLIS GROUP (in consortium with Fraunhofer ISI, Thinkstep and Wuppertal Institute), (2016). Regulatory barriers for the circular economy lessons from ten case studies. Final Report Technopolis Group.
  • UN (United Nations) (1987). Our Common Future - Brundtland Report.
  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). (2015). Global Waste Management Outlook. UNEP, Producer), 11(07), 2016.
  • URBINATI, Andrea, Davide, CHIARONI ve Vittorio, CHIESA (2017). “Towards a New Taxonomy of Circular Economy Business Models”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 487-498.
  • WILTS, Henning (2017). Surprise, Surprise: Germany is not that Circular (Interview) http://www.circularchange.com/circular-economy-germany/
  • YUAN, Zengwei, Jun, BI ve Yuichi, MORIGUICHI (2006). “The Circular Economy: A New Development Strategy in China”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 10(1‐2), 4-8.
  • ZHAOQIAN, Li ve Qi, JIANGUO (2004). “Literature Review of Circular Economy Theory and Practice”. Journal of Quantitative and Technical Economics, 9, 145-154.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tufan Özsoy 0000-0002-0138-4179

Publication Date January 5, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 14

Cite

APA Özsoy, T. (2019). DÖNGÜSEL EKONOMİ: ALMANYA’DAKİ DURUMUN BİR ÖZETİ. Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 7(14), 129-143.