Enhancing Psychological Well-Being: Examining The Influence of Attachment Styles, Mediated by Post-conventional Religious Reasoning

Year 2024, , 391 - 400, 29.10.2024

Sunay Güngör

https://doi.org/10.18795/gumusmaviatlas.1477658

Abstract

This study investigates the intricate relationship between attachment styles, post-conventional religious reasoning, and psychological well-being. A sample of 650 participants completed survey questionnaires, employing established measurement tools such as the psychological well-being scale, adult attachment styles scale, Attachment Styles to God Scale, and the Modified Faith Scale. Utilizing Smart PLS 4.0.4.9 for analysis, the partial least squares (PLS) algorithm with bootstrapping was employed due to its suitability for complex models and small sample sizes. Results reveal significant positive associations between Attachment Styles in Adults and both Post-conventional Religious Reasoning and Psychological Well-being. Similarly, Attachment Styles to God exhibit significant positive relationships with Psychological Well-being and post-conventional religious reasoning. Furthermore, post-conventional religious reasoning demonstrates a significant positive relationship with Psychological Well-being. Through Sobel tests, the mediating role of post-conventional religious reasoning is explored. The findings indicate that it mediates the relationship between Attachment Styles in Adults and Psychological Well-being, as well as between Attachment Styles to God and Psychological Well-being. This study contributes to the understanding of how attachment styles and religious reasoning influence psychological well-being. The findings underscore the importance of considering both attachment to significant others and attachment to a higher power in understanding individuals' well-being. By highlighting the mediating role of post-conventional religious reasoning, this research sheds light on the mechanisms through which these factors interact to influence psychological well-being.

Keywords

Psychological Well-Being, Attachment Styles, Post-conventional Religious Reasoning.

Psikolojik İyi Oluşun Artırılması: Gelenek Sonrası Dini Muhakeme Aracılığıyla Bağlanma Stillerinin Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma bağlanma stilleri, gelenek sonrası dini muhakeme ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır. 650 katılımcıdan oluşan bir örneklemle, Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği, Yetişkinlede bağlanma stilleri ölçeği, Tanrı'ya bağlanma stilleri Ölçeği ve Değiştirilmiş inanç Ölçeği gibi yerleşik ölçüm araçları kullanılmaktadır. Analiz için Smart PLS 4.0.4.9'dan yararlanılan, karmaşık modellere ve küçük örnek boyutlarına uygunluğu nedeniyle önyüklemeli kısmi en küçük kareler (PLS) algoritması kullanıldı. Sonuçlar, yetişkinlerde bağlanma stilleri ile gelenek sonrası dini muhakeme ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasında önemli pozitif ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Benzer şekilde, Tanrı'ya bağlanma stilleri, psikolojik iyi oluş ve gelenek sonrası dini muhakeme ile anlamlı pozitif ilişkilerin olduğu görülmektedir. Dahası, gelenek sonrası dini muhakeme, psikolojik iyi oluş ile anlamlı ve olumlu bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Sobel testleri aracılığıyla gelenek sonrası dini muhakemenin aracılık rolü incelenmiştir.
Bulgular, yetişkinlerde bağlanma stilleri ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiye ve ayrıca Tanrı'ya bağlanma stilleri ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada bağlanma stillerinin ve dini muhakemenin psikolojik iyi oluşu nasıl etkilediğinin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bulgularda, bireylerin rehabilite durumunu anlamada hem başkalarına bağlanmanın hem de daha yüksek bir güce bağlanmanın dikkate alınmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Gelenek sonrası dini muhakeme aracılık rolünü vurgulayan bu araştırma, bu faktörlerin psikolojik iyi oluşunu etkilemek için etkileşime girdiği mekanizmalara ışık tutumktadır.

Keywords

Psikolojik İyi Oluş, Bağlanma Stilleri, Gelenek Sonrası Dini Muhakeme

References

• Bauer, J. J. (2011). The postconventional self: Ego maturity, growth stories... and happiness? The postconventional personality: Assessing, researching, and theorizing higher development (ss. 101–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/08873267.2011.564978
• Besharat, M. A. (2011). Development and validation of adult attachment inventory. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 475-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.093
• Bradshaw, M., Ellison, C. G., & Marcum, J. P. (2010). Attachment to God, images of God, and psychological distress in a nationwide sample of Presbyterians. The International journal for the psychology of religion, 20(2), 130-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508611003608049
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Sage publications Sage CA, 18, 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
• Fowler, J. W. (1982). Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning. Harper & Row. https://books.google.com/books/about/Stages_of_Faith.html?id=EYlvzgEACAAJ Galderisi, S., Heinz, A., Kastrup, M., Beezhold, J., & Sartorius, N. (2015). Toward a new definition of mental health. World psychiatry, 14(2), 231. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fwps.20231
• Granero-Jiménez, J., López-Rodríguez, M. M., Dobarrio-Sanz, I., & Cortés-Rodríguez, A. E. (2022). Influence of physical exercise on psychological well-being of young adults: a quantitative study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(7), 4282. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph19074282
• Harris, J. I., & Leak, G. K. (2013). The revised faith development scale: An option for a more reliable self-report measurement of postconventional religious reasoning. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 24(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004252073_002
• Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 59(2), 270. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270
• Koenig, H. G., King, D., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. Oup Usa.
• Lucchetti, G., Koenig, H. G., & Lucchetti, A. L. G. (2021). Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: A review of the current scientific evidence. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 9(26), 7620. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7620
• Marrero-Quevedo, R. J., Blanco-Hernández, P. J., & Hernández-Cabrera, J. A. (2019). Adult attachment and psychological well-being: The mediating role of personality. Journal of Adult Development, 26(1), 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-018-9297-x
• Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2010). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Publications. https://books.google.de/books?id=5egODAAAQBAJ&lpg=PR1&ots=IROv4kSR8u&lr&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false
• Moreira-Almeida, A., Lotufo Neto, F., & Koenig, H. G. (2006). Religiousness and mental health: A review. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 28(3), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462006000300018
• Nazemi, Z., Naghdi, Etebar, Bahrani, Hadi, & Babaii, Sirous. (2017). Relationship between spiritual attachment and mental health (Case study: Faculty of management University of Tehran). Culture in the Islamic University, 7(24), 397-412. https://sid.ir/paper/236878/en
• Nemati, S., & Mehdipour Maralani, F. (2016). Structural modeling styles for attachment to God; resilience and mental health in mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 6(22), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.22054/jpe.2016.7110
• Njoku, E. C. (2020). Save a life: Impact of social support, self-esteem and religiosity as determinants of depression among adolescents in Owerri Municipal. African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences, 10(1). https://journals.aphriapub.com/index.php/AJSBS/article/view/1124
• Platts, L. G., Alm Norbrian, A., & Frick, M. A. (2023). Attachment in older adults is stably associated with health and quality of life: findings from a 14-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. Aging & Mental Health, 27(9), 1832-1842. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2148157
• Rowatt, W., & Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2002). Two dimensions of attachment to God and their relation to affect, religiosity, and personality constructs. Journal For the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(4), 637-651. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5906.00143
• Sagone, E., Commodari, E., Indiana, M. L., & La Rosa, V. L. (2023). Exploring the association between attachment style, psychological well-being, and relationship status in young adults and adults—A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(3), 525-539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13030040
• Taheri-Kharameh, Z., Abdi, M., Omidi Koopaei, R., Alizadeh, M., Vahidabi, V., & Mirhoseini, H. (2016). The relationship between religious-spiritual well-being and stress, anxiety, and depression in university students. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 3(1), 30-35. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224304.2016.3.1.5.3