Level of Depression, Hopelessness and Post-Traumatic Growth in COVID-19 Frontline Health Workers

Yıl 2022, , 1419 - 1427, 22.12.2022

Candan Terzioğlu , Fatma Ayhan , Songül Kamışlı

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1000897

Cited By: 2

Öz

This study aimed to determine hopelessness, depression, and post-traumatic growth in health care team during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was a cross sectional descriptive study that conducted during 15 December 2020 to 15 March 2021 in Turkey. One hundred thirty-two health care workers that cared for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 selected by the convenient sampling method. Data were collected using an online method with some tools containing questions investigating individuals’ sociodemographic characteristics, depression, hopelessness, and post-traumatic growth inventories. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 21 statistical software. No significant relationship was determined between variables such as age, gender, education, working status, or marital status and other scores of the inventories. However, positive correlation was found between individuals that seeking psychological help and depression scores. Also, significant negative correlations were observed between total Post-traumatic Growth Inventory scores and Personal Strength, Spiritual Change and Appreciation of Life subscale scores, as well as Hopelessness scores. The findings of the present research are important in terms of demonstrating the importance of the psychological needs of health care workers, with high probabilities of future pandemics. Considering that health care workers with higher levels of hope are less traumatized by the pandemic, activity aimed at encouraging hope should be included in future psychological rehabilitation studies involving health workers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Health Worker, Psychological Stress, Post Traumatic Growth, Hope

COVID-19 Kliniklerinde Çalışan Sağlık Personelinin Umutsuzluk, Depresyon ve Travma Sonrası Büyüme Durumları

Öz

Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde aktif rol alan sağlık personelinin umutsuzluk, depresyon ve travma sonrası büyüme durumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 15 Aralık 2020 - 15 Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye'de gerçekleştirilen kesitsel tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Araştırmaya uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle sosyal medya platformlarından ulaşılan COVID-19 tanılı hastalarla çalışan 132 sağlık personeli dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma verileri bireylerin; sosyo demografik özelliklerini belirlemeye ilişkin sorular ile depresyon, umutsuzluk ve travma sonrası büyüme ölçeklerini içeren online veri toplama aracı kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler, IBM SPSS 21 istatistik programında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, çalışma durumu, medeni durum gibi değişkenlerle ölçek puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Buna karşın psikolojik yardım almayı isteme ile depresyon puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Travma sonrası büyüme ölçeği toplam puanı ile alt ölçeklerinden Kişisel Güçlülük, Manevi Değişim, Yaşamı Takdir Etme puanları ile umutsuzluk ölçeği puanları arasında ters yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Araştırmamızın bulguları gelecekteki olası pandemilerle karşılaşabilmeleri muhtemel olan sağlık personellerinin, psikolojik olarak güçlendirilmesinin önemini ortaya koyması bakımından önemlidir. Umut düzeyi daha yüksek sağlık personellerinin pandemi süreçlerinden daha az travmatize olmaları göz önüne alındığında, sağlık personellerine yapılacak psikolojik rehabilitasyon çalışmalarında umudu geliştirmeye yönelik müdahalelere yer verilmesi önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Sağlık Çalışanı, Psikolojik Stres, Travma Sonrası Büyüme, Umut

Kaynakça

• 1. World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). “Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic 2021”. January. 01https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus2019. (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2021).
• 2. Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2021). “Türkiye COVID-19 Hasta Tablosu”. Erşim adresi: https://COVID19.saglik.gov.tr/. (Erişim tarihi: 10.10.2022).
• 3. Bai, Y, Yao, L, Wei, T, Fei, T, Dong-Yan, J, Chen, L. and Wang, M. (2020). “Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19”. JAMA, 323 (14), 1406-1407.
• 4. Wang, D, Hu, B, Hu, C, Zhu, F, Liu, X, Zhang, J, Wang, B, Xiang, H, Cheng, Z, Xiong, Y, Zhao, Y, Li, Y, Wang, X. and Peng Z. (2020). “Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China”. JAMA, 323 (11), 1061-1069.
• 5. Kang, L, Li, Y, Hu, S, Chen, M, Yang, C, Yang, B.X, Wang, Y, Hu, J, Lai, J, Ma, X, Chen, J, Guan, L, Wang, G, Ma, H. and Liu, Z. (2020). “The Mental Health of Medical Workers in Wuhan, China Dealing with the 2019 Novel Coronavirus”. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (3), e14.
• 6. Miller, E. and McCaw, B. (2019). “Intimate Partner Violence”. New England Journal of Medicine, 380(9), 850–857.
• 7. Que, J, Shi, L, Deng, J, Liu, J, Zhang, L, Wu, S, Gong, Y, Huang, W, Yuan, K, Yan, W, Sun,Y, Ran, M, Bao, Y. and Lu, L. (2020). “Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in China”. General Psychiatry, 33, e100259.
• 8. Panagioti, M, Geraghty, K, Johnson, J, Zhou, A, Panagopoulou, E, Chew-Graham, C, Peters, D. and Hodkinson, A. (2018). “Association Between Physician Burnout and Patient Safety, Professionalism, and Patient Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. JAMA Internal Medicine, 178, 1317-30.
• 9. Zhu, Z, Xu, S, Wang, H, Liu, Z, Wu, J, Li, G, Miao, J, Zhang, C, Yang, Y, Sun, W, Zhu, S, Fan Y, Hu, J, Liu, J. and Wang, W. (2020). “COVID-19 in Wuhan: Immediate Psychological İmpact on 5062 Health Workers”. BMJ, doi.org/10.1101/2020.02. 20.20025338.
• 10. Tedeschi, R.G. and Calhoun, L.G. (1995). “The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the Positive Legacy of Trauma”. J Trauma Stress, 455-471.
• 11. Mak, I.W, Chu, C.M, Pan, P.C, Yiu, M.G. and Chan, V.L. (2009). “Long-term Psychiatric Morbidities Among SARS Survivors”. General Hospital Psychiatry, 31 (4), 318-326.
• 12. Lau, J.T, Yang, X, Tsui, H, Pang, E. and Wing, Y.K. (2006). “Positive Mental Health-Related İmpacts of the SARS Epidemic on the General Public in Hong Kong and Their Associations with other Negative Impacts”. Journal of Infection, 53, 114-124.
• 13. Hacimusalar, Y, Kahve, A.C, Yasar, A.B, and Aydin, M.S. (2020).“Anxiety and Hopelessness Levels in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study of Healthcare Professionals and Other Community Sample in Turkey”. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, 181-188.
• 14. Şahin, M.K, Aker, S, Şahin, G. and Karabekiroğlu. A. (2020). “Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Distress and İnsomnia And Related Factors in Healthcare Workers During COVID 19 Pandemic in Turkey”. Journal of Community Health, 45, 1168–1177.
• 15. Beck, A.T. Ward, C.H, Mendelson, M, Mock, J. and Erbaugh, J. (1961). “An Inventory for Measuring Depression”. Archives of General Psychiatry, 14, 561-71.
• 16. Hisli, N. (1989). “Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Üniversite Öğrencileri için Geçerliği, Güvenirliği”. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7 (23), 8-13.
• 17. Beck, A.T, Weissman, A, Lester, D. and Trexler, L. (1974). “The Measurement Of Pessimism: the Hopelessness Scale”. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42 (6), 861–865.
• 18. Seber, G, Dilbaz, N, Kaptanoğlu, C. ve Tekin, D. (1993). “Umutsuzluk Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirliği”. Kriz Dergisi, 1 (3), 139-142.
• 19. Kağan, M, Gülec, M, Boysan, M. ve Çavuş, H. (2012). “Travma sonrası büyüme envanteri’nin Türkçe Versiyonunun Normal Toplumda Hiyerarşik Faktör Yapısı”. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 11 (5), 617-624.
• 20. Huang, J.Z, Han, M.F, Luo, T.D, Ren, A.K. and Zhou, X.P. (2020). “Mental Health Survey of Medical Staff in a Tertiary İnfectious Disease Hospital for COVID-19”. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 38 (3), 192-195.
• 21. Patel, A.V, Kandre, D.D, Mehta, P, Prajapati, A, Patel, B. and Prajapati, S. (2020). “Multi-centric Study of Psychological Disturbances Among Health Care Workers in Tertiary Care Centers of Western India During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Neuropsychiatria Neuropsychologia, 15 (3–4), 89–100.
• 22. Junaid, K, Ali, H. and Nazım, R. (2020). “Depression Among Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review”. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 26, 252-25.
• 23. Mehdi, M, Waseem, M, Rehm, M.H, Aziz, N, Anjum, S. and Javid, M.A. (2020). “Depression and Anxiety in Health Care Workers During COVID-19”. Biomedica, 36, 233-38.
• 24. Çelik, S.Ş, Atlı Özbaş, A, Çelik, B, Karahan, A, Bulut, H, Koç, G, Çevik Aydın, F. ve Özdemir Özleyen, Ç. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemi Süreci: Türk Hemşireler Derneği”. Koç Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 17 (3), 279-83.
• 25. Duan, L. and Zhu, G. (2020). P”sychological Interventions for People Affected by the COVID-19 Epidemic”. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (4), 300–302.
• 26. Gao, J, Zheng, P, Jia, Y, Chen, H, Mao, Y, Chen, S, Wang, Y, Fu, H. and Dai, J. (2020). “Mental Health Problems and Social Media Exposure During COVID-19 Outbreak”. PLoS One, 15 (4), e0231924.
• 27. Luceno-Moreno, L, Talavera-Velasco, B, Garcia-Albuerne, Y. and Martin-Garcia, J. (2020). “Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilince And Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel During The COVID-19 Pandemic”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 5514.
• 28. International Council of Nurses. (2020). “ICN reaction: WHO DG Dr Tedros Confirms at Least 115,000 Health Workers Have Died due to Pandemic”. Available from: https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-reaction-who-dg-dr-tedros-confirms-least-115000-health-workers-have-died-due-pandemic. (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2021).
• 29. Türk Tabipler Birliği. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemisi 9. Ay Değerlendirme Raporu”. https://www.ttb.org.tr/kollar/COVID19/ haber_goster.php?Guid=cd007194-3e0b-11eb-8e42c2bb61b361c 8. (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2021).
• 30. Vazquez, C, Valiente, C, García, F.E, Contreras, A, Peinado, V, Trucharte, A. and Bentall, R.P. (2021). “Post‑traumatic Growth and Stress‑Related Responses During the COVID‑19 Pandemic in A National Representative Sample: The Role of Positive Core Beliefs About the World and Others”. Journal of Happiness Studies, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00352-3
• 31. Tedeschi, R.G. and Calhoun, L.G. (2004). “Posttraumatic Growth: Conceptual Foundations and Empirical Evidence”. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1-18.
• 32. Karataş, Z. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemisinin Toplumsal Etkileri, Değişim ve Güçlenme”. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4 (1), 3-17.
• 33. Jackson, D, Bradbury-Jones, C, Baptiste, D, Gelling, L, Morin, K.M, Neville, S. and Smith, G.D. (2020). “Life in the Pandemic: Some Reflections on Nursing in the Context of COVID-19”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29, 2041–2043.
• 34. Üzar-Özçetin, Y.S. ve Hiçdurmaz, D. (2017). “Kanser Deneyiminde Travma Sonrası Büyüme ve Psikolojik Sağlamlık”. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9 (4), 388-397.
• 35. İnci, F. ve Boztepe, H. (2013). “Travma Sonrası Büyüme: Öldürmeyen Acı Güçlendirir mi”? Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 4 (2), 80-84.