Ameliyathane Hemşirelerinin Ameliyat Sırası Dönemde COVID-19 Önlemlerine İlişkin Bilgi ve Uygulamaları
Yıl 2023,
, 508 - 516, 18.06.2023
Rabia Görücü
,
Ezgi Seyhan Ak
,
Deniz Öztekin
Öz
Bu araştırma, ameliyathane hemşirelerinin ameliyat sırası dönemde COVID-19 önlemlerine ilişkin bilgi ve uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma Ocak-Şubat 2022 tarihlerinde tanımlayıcı-kesitsel olarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın evrenini aynı tarihlerde İstanbul’da bir üniversite hastanesinin ameliyathane ünitelerinde görev yapan 82 hemşire, örneklemini ise 75 hemşire oluşturdu. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür doğrultusunda geliştirilen ve üç bölümden oluşan veri toplama formu ile toplandı. Google form üzerinden oluşturulan veri toplama formu online olarak hemşirelere ulaştırıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde istatistiksel analizler için, IBM SPSS Statistics 20 programı kullanıldı. Etik kurul ve kurum izni çalışmaya başlamadan önce alındı. Çalışmada hemşirelerin %100 (n=75)’ünün “Covid -19 virüsünün yayılımını azaltmak için negatif basınçlı ameliyathane kullanılmalıdır." ve “Tüm perioperatif bakım alanlarının ve tıbbi cihazların temizliği sağlanmalıdır.” ifadelerine katılıyorum yanıtını verdiği; %94,7’sinin (n=71) "Olası ve kesin tanısı COVID-19 olan hastaların tedavi ve bakımında kişisel koruyucu ekipman giyerim." ve “Ameliyattan sonra odadan çıkarken önlükleri ve eldivenleri ameliyat odasında çıkarıp odadan ayrılmadan önce ellerimi dezenfekte ederim.” uygulamalarına her zaman yanıtını verdiği görüldü. Çalışma sonucunda hemşirelerin ameliyat sırası dönemdeki önlemlere yönelik bilgi ve uygulamalarının rehberlerdeki önerilerle uyumlu olduğu görüldü.
Destekleyen Kurum
Destekleyen Kurum yoktur.
Teşekkür
Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelere katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederim.
Kaynakça
- 1. Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N. and Siddique, R. (2020). “COVID-19 Infection: Origin, Transmission, and Characteristics of Human Coronaviruses”. Journal of Advanced Research, 24, 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005
- 2. Rothan, H. A. and Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). “The Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak”. Journal of Autoimmunity, 109, 102433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
- 3. World Health Organization. (2019). “Timeline of WHO's Response to COVID-19”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline#event-26. (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 4. World Health Organization. (2019). “WHO Announces COVID-19 Outbreak a Pandemic”. Erişim adresi: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health emergencies/coronavirus-covid 19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19 outbreak-a-pandemic. (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 5. Gür, S., Katran, H. B. ve Arpag, N. (2021). “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Ameliyat Öncesi, Sırası ve Sonrası Dönemde Alınması Gereken Önlemler”. Türk Hemşireler Derneği Dergisi, 2 (1), 77-91.
- 6. Benenson, S., Oster, Y., Cohen, M. J. and Nir-Paz, R. (2021). “BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Health Care Workers”. New England Journal of Medicine, 38 (18), 1775-1777. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2101927
- 7. Ünver, S. and Yenigün, S. C. (2021). “COVID-19 Fear Level of Surgical Nurses Working in Pandemic and Surgical Units”. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 00 (2021), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.04.014
- 8. Çelik, B., Yasak, K., Damar, H. T., Umar, D. Ç. ve Öğce, F. (2020). “COVID-19 Salgınında Ameliyathane ve Vaka Yönetimi”. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 23 (2), 331-342. https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.728544
- 9. Coimbra, R., Edwards, S., Kurihara, H., Bass, G. A., Balogh, Z. J., Tilsed, J. and Marzi, I. (2020). “European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) Recommendations For Trauma And Emergency Surgery Preparation During Times of COVID-19 İnfection”. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 46 (3), 505-510. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00068-020-01364-7
- 10. The American College of Surgeons. (2020). “COVID-19 Guidelines for Triage of Emergency General Surgery Patients”. Erişim adresi: https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-case/emergency-surgery (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 11. Heffernan, D. S., Evans, H. L., Huston, J. M., Claridge, J. A., Blake, D. P., May, A. K. and Kaplan, L. J. (2020). “Surgical Infection Society Guidance for Operative and Peri-operative Care of Adult Patients Infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)”. Surgical Infections, 21 (4), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2020.101
- 12. SAGES. (2019). “COVID-19/Coronavirus Announcements”. Erişim adresi: https://www.sages.org/category/covid-19/ . (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 13. Nepogodiev, D., and Collaborative, C. (2020). “Global Guidance for Surgical Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Journal of British Surgery, 107 (9), 1097-1103. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11646
- 14. Ti, L. K., Ang, L. S., Foong, T. W. and Ng, B. S. W. (2020). “What We Do When A COVID-19 Patient Needs An Operation: Operating Room Preparation and Guidance”. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 67 (6), 756-758. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12630-020-01617-4
- 15. Kamer, E. ve Çolak, T. (2020). “COVID-19 ile Enfekte Bir Hastasının Operasyona İhtiyacı Olduğunda Ne Yapmalıyız: Cerrahi Öncesi, Cerrahi Sırası ve Cerrahi Sonrası Rehberi”. Turkish Journal of Colorectal Disease, 30, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjcd.galenos.2020.2020-3-7
- 16. Türk Hemşireler Derneği. (2020). “COVID-19 Hemşire Eğitim Rehberi ve Bakım Algoritmaları”. Erişim adresi: https://tybhd.org.tr/duyurular/thd-covid-19-hemsire-egitim-rehberi-ve-bakim-algoritmalari/ (Erişim tarihi: 17.04.2021).
- 17. Fereidouni, A., Vizeshfar, F., Ghanavati, M. and Tavakol, R. (2021). “Knowledge About The Effects of Electrosurgery Smoke Among Operating Room Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management, 24, 100189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcorm.2021.100189
- 18. Çelik, S. Ş., Gülten, Koç., Özbaş, AA, Bulut, H., Karahan, A., Aydın, F. Ç. ve Çelik, B. (2021). “Uluslararası Hemşireler Yılında COVID-19 Pandemisi: Türk Hemşireler Derneği Çalışmaları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (1), 23-27.
- 19. American College of Surgeons. (2020). “COVID-19: Elective Case Triage Guidelines for Surgical Care”. Erişim adresi: https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-case (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 20. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. (2021). “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Sağlık Kurumlarında Çalışma Rehberi ve Enfeksiyon Kontrol Önlemleri, Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması”. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66532/saglik-kurumlarinda-calisma-rehberi-ve-enfeksiyon-kontrol-onlemleri.html (Erişim tarihi: 9 Mart 2021).
21. Çelik, G. O., Evkaya, N., Eskidemir, S., Dalfidan, B. ve Tuna, A. (2020). “COVID-19 Salgınında Cerrahi: Cerrahi Sürece Genel Bir Bakış ve Hemşirelik Bakımı/Yönetimi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 221-227.
- 22. Hussain, Z. B., Shoman, H., Yau, P. W. P., Thevendran, G., Randelli, F., Zhang, M. and Khanduja, V. (2020). “Protecting Healthcare Workers From COVID-19: Learning From Variation in Practice and Policy İdentified Through A Global Cross-Sectional Survey”. Bone & Joint Open, 1 (5), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.15.BJO-2020-0024.R
- 23. Alajmi, J., Jeremijenko, A. M., Abraham, J. C., Alishaq, M., Concepcion, E. G., Butt, A. A. and Abou-Samra, A. B. (2020). “COVID-19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers in A National Healthcare System: The Qatar Experience”. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 100, 386-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.027
- 24. Damar, H. T. ve Öğce, F. (2022). “Attitudes and Practices of Operating Room Nurses toward COVID-19 in Turkey”. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13 (1), 167-174. https://doi.org/ 10.31067/acusaglik.95252
- 25. Gümüs, K. ve Basgün, A. (2021). “Evaluation of the Knowledge of Operating Room Nurses of Preventive Practices for Protection Against COVID-19”. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 36 (3), 300-304. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.10.003
- 26. Karaca, A. S., Özmen, M. M., Uçar, A. D., Yastı, A. C. ve Demirer, S. (2020). “General Surgery Operating Room Applications in Patients with COVID-19”. Turkish Journal of Surgery, 36, 6-10.
- 27. Dexter, F., Parra, M. C., Brown, J. R. and Loftus, R. W. (2020). “Perioperative COVID-19 Defense: An Evidence-Based Approach for Optimization of Infection Control and Operating Room Management”. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 37 – 42. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.000000000000482
- 28. Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF). (2020). “Preoperatıve COVID Testıng: Examples From Around The U.S”. Erişim adresi: https://www.apsf.org/novel-coronavirus-covid-19-resource-center/preoperative-covid-testing-examples-from-around-the-u-s/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021)
- 29. Çolakoğlu, M. K., Özgün, Y. M., Pişkin, E., Bostancı, E. B. ve Özmen, M. M. (2020). “The Attitude of Turkish General Surgeons During The COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of" General Surgery COVID-19 Pandemic Attitude Survey". Turkish Journal of Surgery, 36 (2), 137 https://doi.org/10.5578/turkjsurg.480
- 30. Bartoszko, J. J., Farooqi, M. A. M., Alhazzani, W. and Loeb, M. (2020). “Medical Masks vs N95 Respirators for Preventing COVID‐19 in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials”. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 14 (4), 365-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12745
- 31. Şanlı, D. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Cerrahi Bakıma Yönelik Kanıta Dayalı Öneriler”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 183-190
- 32. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). “Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic”. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021)
- 33. Chen, Q., Lan, X., Zhao, Z., Hu, S., Tan, F., Gui, P. and Yao, S. (2020). “Role of Anesthesia Nurses in The Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19”. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 35 (5), 453-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.05.00
- 34. Liang, T. (2020). “Handbook Of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment”. The First Affiliated Hospital, Compiled According to Clinical Experience. Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 68.
Knowledge and Practices of Operating Room Nurses on COVID-19 Precautions During the Intraoperative Period
Yıl 2023,
, 508 - 516, 18.06.2023
Rabia Görücü
,
Ezgi Seyhan Ak
,
Deniz Öztekin
Öz
This research was carried out to determine the knowledge and practices of operating room nurses regarding COVID-19 precautions during the intraoperative period. The research was carried out as a descriptive-sectional study in January-February 2022. The population of the study consisted of 82 nurses working in the operating room units of a university hospital, and the sample consisted of 75 nurses. The data were collected with the data collection form developed by the researchers in line with the literature.The data collection form created via the Google form was delivered to the nurses online.IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program was used for statistical analysis in the evaluation of the data. Ethics committee and institutional permission were obtained before starting the study. In the study, 100% (n=75) of the nurses stated that "Negative pressure operating room should be used to reduce the spread of Covid -19 virus." and "Cleanliness of all perioperative care areas and medical devices should be provided." I agree with the statements; 94.7% (n=71) of the respondents stated that "I wear personal protective equipment in the treatment and care of patients with probable and definitive diagnosis of COVID-19." and " When leaving the room after the surgery, I remove the gowns and gloves in the operating room and disinfect my hands before leaving the room.” As a result of the study, it was concluded was seen that the knowledge and practices of the nurses regarding the precautions during intraoperative period were compatible with the recommendations in the guidelines.
Kaynakça
- 1. Shereen, M. A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N. and Siddique, R. (2020). “COVID-19 Infection: Origin, Transmission, and Characteristics of Human Coronaviruses”. Journal of Advanced Research, 24, 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005
- 2. Rothan, H. A. and Byrareddy, S. N. (2020). “The Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak”. Journal of Autoimmunity, 109, 102433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433
- 3. World Health Organization. (2019). “Timeline of WHO's Response to COVID-19”. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline#event-26. (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 4. World Health Organization. (2019). “WHO Announces COVID-19 Outbreak a Pandemic”. Erişim adresi: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health emergencies/coronavirus-covid 19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-covid-19 outbreak-a-pandemic. (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 5. Gür, S., Katran, H. B. ve Arpag, N. (2021). “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Ameliyat Öncesi, Sırası ve Sonrası Dönemde Alınması Gereken Önlemler”. Türk Hemşireler Derneği Dergisi, 2 (1), 77-91.
- 6. Benenson, S., Oster, Y., Cohen, M. J. and Nir-Paz, R. (2021). “BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Health Care Workers”. New England Journal of Medicine, 38 (18), 1775-1777. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2101927
- 7. Ünver, S. and Yenigün, S. C. (2021). “COVID-19 Fear Level of Surgical Nurses Working in Pandemic and Surgical Units”. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 00 (2021), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.04.014
- 8. Çelik, B., Yasak, K., Damar, H. T., Umar, D. Ç. ve Öğce, F. (2020). “COVID-19 Salgınında Ameliyathane ve Vaka Yönetimi”. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 23 (2), 331-342. https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.728544
- 9. Coimbra, R., Edwards, S., Kurihara, H., Bass, G. A., Balogh, Z. J., Tilsed, J. and Marzi, I. (2020). “European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) Recommendations For Trauma And Emergency Surgery Preparation During Times of COVID-19 İnfection”. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 46 (3), 505-510. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00068-020-01364-7
- 10. The American College of Surgeons. (2020). “COVID-19 Guidelines for Triage of Emergency General Surgery Patients”. Erişim adresi: https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-case/emergency-surgery (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 11. Heffernan, D. S., Evans, H. L., Huston, J. M., Claridge, J. A., Blake, D. P., May, A. K. and Kaplan, L. J. (2020). “Surgical Infection Society Guidance for Operative and Peri-operative Care of Adult Patients Infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)”. Surgical Infections, 21 (4), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2020.101
- 12. SAGES. (2019). “COVID-19/Coronavirus Announcements”. Erişim adresi: https://www.sages.org/category/covid-19/ . (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 13. Nepogodiev, D., and Collaborative, C. (2020). “Global Guidance for Surgical Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Journal of British Surgery, 107 (9), 1097-1103. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11646
- 14. Ti, L. K., Ang, L. S., Foong, T. W. and Ng, B. S. W. (2020). “What We Do When A COVID-19 Patient Needs An Operation: Operating Room Preparation and Guidance”. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 67 (6), 756-758. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12630-020-01617-4
- 15. Kamer, E. ve Çolak, T. (2020). “COVID-19 ile Enfekte Bir Hastasının Operasyona İhtiyacı Olduğunda Ne Yapmalıyız: Cerrahi Öncesi, Cerrahi Sırası ve Cerrahi Sonrası Rehberi”. Turkish Journal of Colorectal Disease, 30, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjcd.galenos.2020.2020-3-7
- 16. Türk Hemşireler Derneği. (2020). “COVID-19 Hemşire Eğitim Rehberi ve Bakım Algoritmaları”. Erişim adresi: https://tybhd.org.tr/duyurular/thd-covid-19-hemsire-egitim-rehberi-ve-bakim-algoritmalari/ (Erişim tarihi: 17.04.2021).
- 17. Fereidouni, A., Vizeshfar, F., Ghanavati, M. and Tavakol, R. (2021). “Knowledge About The Effects of Electrosurgery Smoke Among Operating Room Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management, 24, 100189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcorm.2021.100189
- 18. Çelik, S. Ş., Gülten, Koç., Özbaş, AA, Bulut, H., Karahan, A., Aydın, F. Ç. ve Çelik, B. (2021). “Uluslararası Hemşireler Yılında COVID-19 Pandemisi: Türk Hemşireler Derneği Çalışmaları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6 (1), 23-27.
- 19. American College of Surgeons. (2020). “COVID-19: Elective Case Triage Guidelines for Surgical Care”. Erişim adresi: https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-case (Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2021).
- 20. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. (2021). “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Sağlık Kurumlarında Çalışma Rehberi ve Enfeksiyon Kontrol Önlemleri, Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması”. Erişim adresi: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66532/saglik-kurumlarinda-calisma-rehberi-ve-enfeksiyon-kontrol-onlemleri.html (Erişim tarihi: 9 Mart 2021).
21. Çelik, G. O., Evkaya, N., Eskidemir, S., Dalfidan, B. ve Tuna, A. (2020). “COVID-19 Salgınında Cerrahi: Cerrahi Sürece Genel Bir Bakış ve Hemşirelik Bakımı/Yönetimi”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 221-227.
- 22. Hussain, Z. B., Shoman, H., Yau, P. W. P., Thevendran, G., Randelli, F., Zhang, M. and Khanduja, V. (2020). “Protecting Healthcare Workers From COVID-19: Learning From Variation in Practice and Policy İdentified Through A Global Cross-Sectional Survey”. Bone & Joint Open, 1 (5), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.15.BJO-2020-0024.R
- 23. Alajmi, J., Jeremijenko, A. M., Abraham, J. C., Alishaq, M., Concepcion, E. G., Butt, A. A. and Abou-Samra, A. B. (2020). “COVID-19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers in A National Healthcare System: The Qatar Experience”. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 100, 386-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.027
- 24. Damar, H. T. ve Öğce, F. (2022). “Attitudes and Practices of Operating Room Nurses toward COVID-19 in Turkey”. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13 (1), 167-174. https://doi.org/ 10.31067/acusaglik.95252
- 25. Gümüs, K. ve Basgün, A. (2021). “Evaluation of the Knowledge of Operating Room Nurses of Preventive Practices for Protection Against COVID-19”. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 36 (3), 300-304. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.10.003
- 26. Karaca, A. S., Özmen, M. M., Uçar, A. D., Yastı, A. C. ve Demirer, S. (2020). “General Surgery Operating Room Applications in Patients with COVID-19”. Turkish Journal of Surgery, 36, 6-10.
- 27. Dexter, F., Parra, M. C., Brown, J. R. and Loftus, R. W. (2020). “Perioperative COVID-19 Defense: An Evidence-Based Approach for Optimization of Infection Control and Operating Room Management”. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 37 – 42. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.000000000000482
- 28. Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation (APSF). (2020). “Preoperatıve COVID Testıng: Examples From Around The U.S”. Erişim adresi: https://www.apsf.org/novel-coronavirus-covid-19-resource-center/preoperative-covid-testing-examples-from-around-the-u-s/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021)
- 29. Çolakoğlu, M. K., Özgün, Y. M., Pişkin, E., Bostancı, E. B. ve Özmen, M. M. (2020). “The Attitude of Turkish General Surgeons During The COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of" General Surgery COVID-19 Pandemic Attitude Survey". Turkish Journal of Surgery, 36 (2), 137 https://doi.org/10.5578/turkjsurg.480
- 30. Bartoszko, J. J., Farooqi, M. A. M., Alhazzani, W. and Loeb, M. (2020). “Medical Masks vs N95 Respirators for Preventing COVID‐19 in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials”. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 14 (4), 365-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12745
- 31. Şanlı, D. (2020). “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Cerrahi Bakıma Yönelik Kanıta Dayalı Öneriler”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5 (2), 183-190
- 32. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). “Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic”. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html (Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2021)
- 33. Chen, Q., Lan, X., Zhao, Z., Hu, S., Tan, F., Gui, P. and Yao, S. (2020). “Role of Anesthesia Nurses in The Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19”. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 35 (5), 453-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2020.05.00
- 34. Liang, T. (2020). “Handbook Of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment”. The First Affiliated Hospital, Compiled According to Clinical Experience. Zhejiang University School of Medicine. 68.