Mikrobesin Öğeleri ve Mikrobiyota Etkileşimi

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 290 - 302, 31.12.2017

Tevfik Koçak Nevin Şanlıer

Abstract

İnsan
intestinal mikrobiyotası yaklaşık 10¹³-10¹⁴  değişen sayıda mikroorganizmadan
meydana gelen süper organizma olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İnsan organizmasındaki
mikroorganizma sayısı toplam insan hücre sayısından 10 kat daha fazla olup, intestinal
mikrobiyotayı meydana getiren genom insan organizmasını meydana getiren genomun
yaklaşık 150 kat büyüklüğündedir. Bu kadar çok sayıda bileşeniolan mikrobiyota
fetal hayattan yaşlılığa kadar birçok etkenin etkisiyle değişime uğramakta olup
beslenmenin rolü göz ardı edilmemelidir. intestinal mikrobiyota; besinlerle
alınan polisakkaritlerinin fermantasyonu, esansiyel amino asitler ve
vitaminlerin sentezi ve ksenobiyotik ilaçların metabolizması gibi birçok
fonksiyonel özelliğe sahiptir. Mikro besin öğeleri insan metabolizmasını ve
organ fonksiyonlarını ya doğrudan emilim ve hedef hücreye etki mekanizmasıyla
ya da intestinal mikrobiyota vasıtasıyla dolaylı olarak etkilemektedir. Ayrıca
enerji metabolizması,  hücresel büyüme ve
farklılaşma, organ üzerine etki ve bağışıklık mekanizması üzerine kritik öneme
sahipken konak- mikroorganizma-metabolik ekseninde sağlık üzerine de etkileri
vardır. Bu derleme mikro besin öğeleri ve mikrobiyota etkileşimini incelemek
amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Mikrobiyota, Mikrobiyom, Vitaminler, Mineraller

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