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Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 193 - 202, 31.03.2018

Abstract

Arı sütü insan sağlığı üzerine pozitif
etkileri olan bir arı ürünü ve fonksiyonel besindir. Arı sütü genç işçi
arıların hipofareks ve mandibular salgı bezlerinden salgılanır. Arı sütü özel
fenol kokusuna, ekşimsi tada ve beyaz-sarımsı renge sahip, viskoz bir sıvıdır.
Arı sütü sağlık geliştirici besin, medikal ve kozmetik ürün üretiminde
kullanılmaktadır. Pek çok çalışmada, arı sütünün antibakteriyel,
antiinflamatuar, vazodilatatör, hipotansif, antioksidan, antidiyabetik,
antihiperkolesterolemik ve antitümoral aktiviteye sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Arı sütünün biyolojik aktivitesini yağ asitleri, proteinler, peptidler ve
fenolikler gibi bileşiklere borçlu olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Bu derleme arı
sütünün bileşenleri ile besinsel değerini ve onun insan ve hayvan modellerinde
büyümeye, yaşlanmaya ve üreme sağlığına etkisini özetlemektedir.

References

  • Referans1. Ramadan, M.F., Al-Ghamdi, A.(2012). ‘’Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review’’. Journal of Functional Foods, 4: 39-52.
  • Referans2. Fratini, F., Cilia, G., Mancini, S., Felicioli, A. (2016). ‘’Royal Jelly: An ancient remedy with remarkable antibacterial properties’’. Microbiological Research, 192: 130-141.
  • Referans3. Crane, E. (1997). ‘’The Past and Present Importance of Bee Products to Man’’, Edittör (Ed.)Mizrahi A, Lensky Y, Bee Products Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy(1-13), Plenum Press, New York and London.
  • Referans4. Sabatini, A.G., Marcazzan, G.L., Caboni, M.F., Bogdanov, S., de Almeida-Muriadian, L.B. (2009). ‘’Quality and standardisation of Royal Jelly’’. Journal of ApiProduct and ApiMedical Science, 1: 1-6.
  • Referans5. Akyol, E., Baran, Y. (2015). ‘’Arı Sütünün Yapısı, insanlar ve arılar için önemi’’. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 15(1): 16-21.
  • Referans6. Schmidt, J.O. (1997). ‘’Bee Products, Chemical Composition and Application’’, Edittör (Ed.)Mizrahi A, Lensky Y(15-26), Bee Products Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy, Plenum Press, New York and London.
  • Referans7. Cornara, L., Biagi, M., Xiao, J., Burlando, B. (2017). ‘’Therapeutic Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Different Honeybee Products’’. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8: 412.
  • Referans8. Albert, S., Bhattacharya, D., Klaudiny, J., Schmitzova, J., Simuth, J. (1999). ‘’The family of Major Royal Jelly Proteins and Its Evolution’’. Journal Molecular Evolution, 49: 290-297.
  • Referans9. Kim, J., Lee, J. (2011). ‘’Observation and quantification of self-associated adenosine extracted from royal jelly products purchased in USA by HPLC’’. Food Cheistry, 126: 347-352.
  • Referans10. Antinelli, J.F., Zeggane, S., Dav Ico, R., Rognone, C., Faucon, J.P., Lizzani, L. (2003). ‘’Evaluation of (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid as a freshness parameter for royall jelly’’. Food Chemistry, 80: 85-89.
  • Referans11. Isidorova, V.A., Czyzewskaa, U., Isidorovab, A.G., Bakier, S. (2009). ‘’Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of the organic acids extracted from some preparations containing lyophilized royal jelly’’. Journal of Chromatography B, 877: 3376-3780.
  • Referans12. Isidorova, V.A., Czyżewskaa, U., Jankowska, E., Bakier, S. (2011). ‘’Determination of royal jelly acids in honey’’. Food Chemistry, 124(1): 387-391. 13-. Stocker, A., Schramel, P., Kettrup, A., Bengsch, E. (2005). ‘’Trace and mineral elements in royal jelly and homeostaic effects’’. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 19: 183-189.
  • Referans14. Moghaddam, A., Karimi, I., Borji, M., Bahadori, S., Abdolmohammadi, A. (2013). ‘’Effect of royal jelly in ovo injection on embryonic growth, hatchability,and gonadotropin levels of pullet breeder chicks’’. Theriogenology, 80: 193–198.
  • Referans15. Salazar-Olivo, L.A., Paz-Gonzalez, A. (2005). ‘’Screening of biological activities present in honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly’’. Toxicology in Vitro, 19: 645-651.
  • Referans16. Ahmed, W.M.S., Khalaf, A.A., Moselhy, W.A., Ghada, M., Safwat, G.M. (2014). ‘’Royal jelly attenuates azathioprine induced toxicityin rats’’. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 37: 431–437.
  • Referans17. Kanbur, M., Eraslan, G., Beyaz, L., Silici, S., Liman, B.C., Altınordulu, Ş., Atasever, A. (2009). ‘’The effects of royal jelly on liver damage induced by paracetamol in mice’’. ExperimentalandToxicologic Pathology, 61: 123–132.
  • Referans18. Jamnik, P., Goranovic, D., Raspor, P. (2007). ‘’Antioxidative action of royal jelly in the yeast cell’’. Experimental Gerontology, 42, 594-600.
  • Referans19. Terada, Y., Narukawa, M., Watanabe, T. (2011). ‘’Specific hydroxy fatty acids in royal jelly activate TRPA1’’. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 59: 2627-2635.
  • Referans20. Hattori, N., Nomot, H., Fukumitsu, H., Mishima, S., Furukawa, S. (2007). ‘’Royal jelly and its unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, promote neurogenesis by neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro’’. Biomedical Research, 28: 261-266.
  • Referans21. Hirakawa, A., Shimizu, K., Fukumitsu, H., Soumiya, H., Iinuma, M., Furukawa, S. (2010). ‘’2-Decenoic acid ethyl ester, a derivative of unsaturated medium-chain fatty acids, facilitates functional recovery of locomotor activity after spinal cord injury’’. Neuroscience, 171: 1377-1385.
  • Referans22. Aslan, A., Cemek, M., Buyukokuroglu, M.E., Altunbas, K., Bas, O., Yurumez, Y. (2012). ‘’Royal jelly can diminish secondary neuronal damage after experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits’’. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50: 2554–2559.
  • Referans23. Mohamed, A.A.R., Galal, A.A.A., Elewa, Y.H.A. (2015). ‘’Comparative protective effects of royal jelly and cod liver oil against neurotoxic impact of tartrazine on male rat pups brain’’. Acta Histochemica, 117: 649-658.
  • Referans24. Pyrzanowska, J., Piechal, A., Blecharz-Klin, K., Joniec-Maciejak, I., Graikou, K., Chinou, I., Widy-Tyszkiewicz, E. (2014). ‘’Long-term administration of Greek Royal Jelly improves spatial memory and influences the concentration of brain neurotransmitters in naturally aged Wistar male rats’’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155: 343-351.
  • Referans25. Teixeira, R.R., de Souza, A.V., Peixoto, L.G., Machado, H.L., Caixeta, D.C., Vilela, D.D., Baptista, N.B., Franci, C.R., Espindola, F.S. (2017). ‘’Royal jelly decreases corticosterone levels and improves the brain antioxidant system in restraint and cold stressed rats’’. Neuroscience Letters, 655: 179-185.
  • Referans26. Silici, S., Ekmekcioglu, O., Eraslan, G., Demirtas, A. (2009). ‘’Antioxidative Effect of Royal Jelly in Cisplatin-induced Testes Damage’’. Urology, 74(3): 545-551.
  • Referans27. Alcay, S., Toker, M.B., Onder, N.T., Gokce, E. (2017). ‘’Royal jelly supplemented soybean lecithin-based extenders improve post-thaw quality and incubation resilience of goat spermatozoa’’. Cryobiology, 74: 81-85.
  • Referans28. Gawish, A.M., ElFiky, S, Therase, M., AbdElraaof, A., Khalil, W., Mohamed, K.A. (2016). ‘’Sperm abnormality toxicity due to cyclosporine A and the ameliorative effect of royal jelly in male rats’’. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 76: 60-73.
  • Referans29. Shahzad, Q., Mehmood, M.U., Khan, H., ul Husna, A., Qadeer, S., Azam, A., Naseer, Z., Ahmad, E., Safdar, M., Ahmad, M. (2016). ‘’Royal jelly supplementation in semen extender enhances post-thaw quality and fertilty of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull sperm’’. Animal Reproduction Science 167: 83-88.
  • Referans30. Abdel-Hafez, S.M.N., Rifaai, R.A., Abdelzaher, W.H. (2017). ‘’Possible protective effect of royal jelly against cyclophosphamide induced prostatic damege in male albino rats; a biochemical, histological and immuno-histo-chemical study’’. Biomedicine &Pharmacotherapy, 90: 15-23.
  • Referans31. Estiyaghi, M., Deldar, H., Pirsaraei, Z.A., Shohreh, B. (2016). ‘’Royal jelly may improve the metabolism of glucose and redox state of ovine oocytes matured in vitro and embryonic development following in vitro fertilization’’. Theriogenology, 86: 2210-2221.
  • Referans32. Husein, M.Q., Kridli, R.T. (2002). ‘’Reproductive responses following royal jelly treatment administered orally or intramuscularly into progesterone-treated Awassi ewes’’. Animal Reproduction Science, 74: 45–53.
  • Referans33. Detienne, G., De Haes, W., Ernst, U.R., Schoofs, L., Temmerman, L. (2014). ‘’Royalactin extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through epidermal growth factor signaling’’. Experimental Gerontology, 60: 129–135.
  • Referans34. Honda, Y., Araki, Y., Hata, T., Ichihara, K., Ito, M., Tanaka, M., Honda, S. (2015). ‘’10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, the Major Lipid Component of Royal Jelly, Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through Dietary Restriction and Target of Rapamycin Signaling’’. Journal of Aging Research, 2015: 1-7.
  • Referans35. Mishima, S., Suzuki, K.M., Isohama, Y., Kuratsu, N., Araki, Y., Inoue, M., Miyata, T. (2005). ‘’Royal jelly has estrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo’’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101: 215–220.
  • Referans36. Koya-Miyata, S., Okamoto, I., Ushio, S., Iwaki, K., Ikeda, M., Kurimoto, M. (2004). ‘’Identification of a collagen production-promoting factor from an extract of royal jelly and its possible mechanism’’. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 68: 767-773.
  • Referans37. Park, H.M., Hwang, E., Lee, K.G., Han, S.M., Cho, Y., Kim, S.Y. (2011). ‘’Royal jelly protects against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts via enhancing collagen production’’. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14: 899-906.
  • Referans38. Yang, X.Y., Yang, D.S., Zhang, W., Wang, J.M., Li, C.Y., Ye, H., Lei, K.F., Chen, X.F., Shen, N.H., Jin, L.Q., Wang, J.G. (2010). ‘’10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from Royal jelly: a potential medicine for RA’’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology., 128(2):314-321.
  • Referans39. Duplan, H., Questel, E., Hernandez-Pigeon, H., Galliano, M.F., Caruana, A., Ceruti, I., Amnonati, M., Mejean, C., Damour, O., Castex-Rizzi, N., Bessou-Touya, S., Schmitt, A.M. (2011). ‘’Effects of Hydroxydecine(®) (10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid) on skin barrier structure and function in vitro and clinical efficacy in the treatment of UV-induced xerosis’’. European Journal of Dermatology, 21: 906-915.
Year 2018, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 193 - 202, 31.03.2018

Abstract

References

  • Referans1. Ramadan, M.F., Al-Ghamdi, A.(2012). ‘’Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review’’. Journal of Functional Foods, 4: 39-52.
  • Referans2. Fratini, F., Cilia, G., Mancini, S., Felicioli, A. (2016). ‘’Royal Jelly: An ancient remedy with remarkable antibacterial properties’’. Microbiological Research, 192: 130-141.
  • Referans3. Crane, E. (1997). ‘’The Past and Present Importance of Bee Products to Man’’, Edittör (Ed.)Mizrahi A, Lensky Y, Bee Products Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy(1-13), Plenum Press, New York and London.
  • Referans4. Sabatini, A.G., Marcazzan, G.L., Caboni, M.F., Bogdanov, S., de Almeida-Muriadian, L.B. (2009). ‘’Quality and standardisation of Royal Jelly’’. Journal of ApiProduct and ApiMedical Science, 1: 1-6.
  • Referans5. Akyol, E., Baran, Y. (2015). ‘’Arı Sütünün Yapısı, insanlar ve arılar için önemi’’. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 15(1): 16-21.
  • Referans6. Schmidt, J.O. (1997). ‘’Bee Products, Chemical Composition and Application’’, Edittör (Ed.)Mizrahi A, Lensky Y(15-26), Bee Products Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy, Plenum Press, New York and London.
  • Referans7. Cornara, L., Biagi, M., Xiao, J., Burlando, B. (2017). ‘’Therapeutic Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Different Honeybee Products’’. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8: 412.
  • Referans8. Albert, S., Bhattacharya, D., Klaudiny, J., Schmitzova, J., Simuth, J. (1999). ‘’The family of Major Royal Jelly Proteins and Its Evolution’’. Journal Molecular Evolution, 49: 290-297.
  • Referans9. Kim, J., Lee, J. (2011). ‘’Observation and quantification of self-associated adenosine extracted from royal jelly products purchased in USA by HPLC’’. Food Cheistry, 126: 347-352.
  • Referans10. Antinelli, J.F., Zeggane, S., Dav Ico, R., Rognone, C., Faucon, J.P., Lizzani, L. (2003). ‘’Evaluation of (E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid as a freshness parameter for royall jelly’’. Food Chemistry, 80: 85-89.
  • Referans11. Isidorova, V.A., Czyzewskaa, U., Isidorovab, A.G., Bakier, S. (2009). ‘’Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of the organic acids extracted from some preparations containing lyophilized royal jelly’’. Journal of Chromatography B, 877: 3376-3780.
  • Referans12. Isidorova, V.A., Czyżewskaa, U., Jankowska, E., Bakier, S. (2011). ‘’Determination of royal jelly acids in honey’’. Food Chemistry, 124(1): 387-391. 13-. Stocker, A., Schramel, P., Kettrup, A., Bengsch, E. (2005). ‘’Trace and mineral elements in royal jelly and homeostaic effects’’. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 19: 183-189.
  • Referans14. Moghaddam, A., Karimi, I., Borji, M., Bahadori, S., Abdolmohammadi, A. (2013). ‘’Effect of royal jelly in ovo injection on embryonic growth, hatchability,and gonadotropin levels of pullet breeder chicks’’. Theriogenology, 80: 193–198.
  • Referans15. Salazar-Olivo, L.A., Paz-Gonzalez, A. (2005). ‘’Screening of biological activities present in honeybee (Apis mellifera) royal jelly’’. Toxicology in Vitro, 19: 645-651.
  • Referans16. Ahmed, W.M.S., Khalaf, A.A., Moselhy, W.A., Ghada, M., Safwat, G.M. (2014). ‘’Royal jelly attenuates azathioprine induced toxicityin rats’’. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 37: 431–437.
  • Referans17. Kanbur, M., Eraslan, G., Beyaz, L., Silici, S., Liman, B.C., Altınordulu, Ş., Atasever, A. (2009). ‘’The effects of royal jelly on liver damage induced by paracetamol in mice’’. ExperimentalandToxicologic Pathology, 61: 123–132.
  • Referans18. Jamnik, P., Goranovic, D., Raspor, P. (2007). ‘’Antioxidative action of royal jelly in the yeast cell’’. Experimental Gerontology, 42, 594-600.
  • Referans19. Terada, Y., Narukawa, M., Watanabe, T. (2011). ‘’Specific hydroxy fatty acids in royal jelly activate TRPA1’’. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 59: 2627-2635.
  • Referans20. Hattori, N., Nomot, H., Fukumitsu, H., Mishima, S., Furukawa, S. (2007). ‘’Royal jelly and its unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, promote neurogenesis by neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro’’. Biomedical Research, 28: 261-266.
  • Referans21. Hirakawa, A., Shimizu, K., Fukumitsu, H., Soumiya, H., Iinuma, M., Furukawa, S. (2010). ‘’2-Decenoic acid ethyl ester, a derivative of unsaturated medium-chain fatty acids, facilitates functional recovery of locomotor activity after spinal cord injury’’. Neuroscience, 171: 1377-1385.
  • Referans22. Aslan, A., Cemek, M., Buyukokuroglu, M.E., Altunbas, K., Bas, O., Yurumez, Y. (2012). ‘’Royal jelly can diminish secondary neuronal damage after experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits’’. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50: 2554–2559.
  • Referans23. Mohamed, A.A.R., Galal, A.A.A., Elewa, Y.H.A. (2015). ‘’Comparative protective effects of royal jelly and cod liver oil against neurotoxic impact of tartrazine on male rat pups brain’’. Acta Histochemica, 117: 649-658.
  • Referans24. Pyrzanowska, J., Piechal, A., Blecharz-Klin, K., Joniec-Maciejak, I., Graikou, K., Chinou, I., Widy-Tyszkiewicz, E. (2014). ‘’Long-term administration of Greek Royal Jelly improves spatial memory and influences the concentration of brain neurotransmitters in naturally aged Wistar male rats’’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155: 343-351.
  • Referans25. Teixeira, R.R., de Souza, A.V., Peixoto, L.G., Machado, H.L., Caixeta, D.C., Vilela, D.D., Baptista, N.B., Franci, C.R., Espindola, F.S. (2017). ‘’Royal jelly decreases corticosterone levels and improves the brain antioxidant system in restraint and cold stressed rats’’. Neuroscience Letters, 655: 179-185.
  • Referans26. Silici, S., Ekmekcioglu, O., Eraslan, G., Demirtas, A. (2009). ‘’Antioxidative Effect of Royal Jelly in Cisplatin-induced Testes Damage’’. Urology, 74(3): 545-551.
  • Referans27. Alcay, S., Toker, M.B., Onder, N.T., Gokce, E. (2017). ‘’Royal jelly supplemented soybean lecithin-based extenders improve post-thaw quality and incubation resilience of goat spermatozoa’’. Cryobiology, 74: 81-85.
  • Referans28. Gawish, A.M., ElFiky, S, Therase, M., AbdElraaof, A., Khalil, W., Mohamed, K.A. (2016). ‘’Sperm abnormality toxicity due to cyclosporine A and the ameliorative effect of royal jelly in male rats’’. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 76: 60-73.
  • Referans29. Shahzad, Q., Mehmood, M.U., Khan, H., ul Husna, A., Qadeer, S., Azam, A., Naseer, Z., Ahmad, E., Safdar, M., Ahmad, M. (2016). ‘’Royal jelly supplementation in semen extender enhances post-thaw quality and fertilty of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull sperm’’. Animal Reproduction Science 167: 83-88.
  • Referans30. Abdel-Hafez, S.M.N., Rifaai, R.A., Abdelzaher, W.H. (2017). ‘’Possible protective effect of royal jelly against cyclophosphamide induced prostatic damege in male albino rats; a biochemical, histological and immuno-histo-chemical study’’. Biomedicine &Pharmacotherapy, 90: 15-23.
  • Referans31. Estiyaghi, M., Deldar, H., Pirsaraei, Z.A., Shohreh, B. (2016). ‘’Royal jelly may improve the metabolism of glucose and redox state of ovine oocytes matured in vitro and embryonic development following in vitro fertilization’’. Theriogenology, 86: 2210-2221.
  • Referans32. Husein, M.Q., Kridli, R.T. (2002). ‘’Reproductive responses following royal jelly treatment administered orally or intramuscularly into progesterone-treated Awassi ewes’’. Animal Reproduction Science, 74: 45–53.
  • Referans33. Detienne, G., De Haes, W., Ernst, U.R., Schoofs, L., Temmerman, L. (2014). ‘’Royalactin extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through epidermal growth factor signaling’’. Experimental Gerontology, 60: 129–135.
  • Referans34. Honda, Y., Araki, Y., Hata, T., Ichihara, K., Ito, M., Tanaka, M., Honda, S. (2015). ‘’10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, the Major Lipid Component of Royal Jelly, Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through Dietary Restriction and Target of Rapamycin Signaling’’. Journal of Aging Research, 2015: 1-7.
  • Referans35. Mishima, S., Suzuki, K.M., Isohama, Y., Kuratsu, N., Araki, Y., Inoue, M., Miyata, T. (2005). ‘’Royal jelly has estrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo’’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101: 215–220.
  • Referans36. Koya-Miyata, S., Okamoto, I., Ushio, S., Iwaki, K., Ikeda, M., Kurimoto, M. (2004). ‘’Identification of a collagen production-promoting factor from an extract of royal jelly and its possible mechanism’’. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 68: 767-773.
  • Referans37. Park, H.M., Hwang, E., Lee, K.G., Han, S.M., Cho, Y., Kim, S.Y. (2011). ‘’Royal jelly protects against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts via enhancing collagen production’’. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14: 899-906.
  • Referans38. Yang, X.Y., Yang, D.S., Zhang, W., Wang, J.M., Li, C.Y., Ye, H., Lei, K.F., Chen, X.F., Shen, N.H., Jin, L.Q., Wang, J.G. (2010). ‘’10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from Royal jelly: a potential medicine for RA’’. Journal of Ethnopharmacology., 128(2):314-321.
  • Referans39. Duplan, H., Questel, E., Hernandez-Pigeon, H., Galliano, M.F., Caruana, A., Ceruti, I., Amnonati, M., Mejean, C., Damour, O., Castex-Rizzi, N., Bessou-Touya, S., Schmitt, A.M. (2011). ‘’Effects of Hydroxydecine(®) (10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid) on skin barrier structure and function in vitro and clinical efficacy in the treatment of UV-induced xerosis’’. European Journal of Dermatology, 21: 906-915.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Meltem Uçar 0000-0001-5554-2622

Publication Date March 31, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Uçar, M. (2018). Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 193-202.
AMA Uçar M. Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. March 2018;7(1):193-202.
Chicago Uçar, Meltem. “Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma Ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7, no. 1 (March 2018): 193-202.
EndNote Uçar M (March 1, 2018) Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7 1 193–202.
IEEE M. Uçar, “Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 193–202, 2018.
ISNAD Uçar, Meltem. “Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma Ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7/1 (March 2018), 193-202.
JAMA Uçar M. Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;7:193–202.
MLA Uçar, Meltem. “Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma Ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 1, 2018, pp. 193-02.
Vancouver Uçar M. Arı Sütünün Büyüme, Yaşlanma ve Üreme Sağlığına Etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;7(1):193-202.