Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Gelişimsel Bakım Model ve Uygulamaları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 468 - 473, 31.12.2019

Fatma Taş Arslan , Sevinç Akkoyun

Öz

Son yıllarda prematüre ve yüksek riskli bebeklerin
hayatta kalma şansları oldukça yükselmiştir. Bunda gelişimsel bakım
uygulamalarının payı oldukça büyüktür. Gelişimsel bakım oldukça eskiye
dayanmaktadır. Gelişimsel bakımın odak noktası yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesi (YYBÜ)
ortamının bebeğin nörolojik sistemini desteklemeye yönelik düzenlenmesidir.
Yıllar içinde sağlık çalışanları için gelişimsel bakım ve uygulamalarının önem
kazandığı görülmektedir. İlk olarak gelişimsel bakım kapsamında beş temel ölçüm
uygulanmıştır. Bunlar: uykuyu korumak, ağrı ve stres değerlendirmesi, günlük
yaşam aktivitelerinin yönetimi (pozisyon, beslenme ve cilt bakımı), aile
merkezli bakım ve iyileşme ortamıdır. Daha sonra tekrar sınıflandırılıp
genişletilmiştir. Yenidoğan Bütünleştirici Gelişim Bakım Model’inde tanımlanan
aile merkezli gelişimsel bakım için nöroprotektif yedi temel ölçüm şunları
içerir: (1) iyileşme ortamı, (2) aile ile ortaklık kurma, (3) pozisyon ve bakım
sağlamak, (4) uykuyu korumak, (5) stres ve ağrıyı en aza indirmek, (6) cildi
korumak ve (7) en iyi beslenmeyi sağlamaktır. Dünya’da genelinde bazı kurum ve
dernekler gelişimsel bakım uygulamaları için rehberler oluşturmuş ve belirli
standartlar ile uygulamaktadırlar. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

gelişimsel bakım, hemşire, model, teori

Kaynakça

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