Maternal Nutrition and Later Life Obesity

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 36 - 43, 02.04.2020

Fatma Tayhan Kartal , Gizem Helvacı , Nurcan Yabancı Ayhan

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.645493

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Nutrition is the primary intrauterine
environmental factor, altering fetal genome expression that may have lifelong
consequences. During the maternal period, very low or high energy intake,
higher protein and fat intake may increase obesity risk in offspring. Although
this varies by gender, female infants are more vulnerable than males.
Generally, adequate and balanced protein and energy intake during the pregnancy
can be protective against obesity in adulthood.

While adequate iron, chromium,
folic acid, vitamin B₁₂ supplements taken during early pregnancy can
prevent obesity in offspring, methyl vitamins such as excessive vitamin B₁₂,
folic acid and multivitamin intake can also increase the risk of obesity.
Present maternal obesity or excessive body weight gain during pregnancy, especially
in the first trimester, increases the risk of obesity and complications in
offspring.

There is a U-shaped correlation
between birth weight and BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage.
Studies have shown that both high and low birth weights are associated with an
increased obesity risk later in life. Optimal maternal nutrition can reduce
obesity risk by affecting birth weight and mother's body weight gain during
pregnancy. Encouraging optimal nutrition not only ensures optimal fetal development,
but also reduces the obesity risk later in life.

This review article aims to
summarize the relationship between maternal nutrition and maternal body weight
gain in pregnancy, mother's body weight and baby's birth weight and the
development of obesity in later periods of life, such as childhood and
adulthood.

Keywords

Pregnancy, Maternal Nutrition, Obesity

Maternal Beslenme ve İlerleyen Yaşamda Obezite

Abstract

  Beslenme fetal
genomun ekspresyonunu değiştiren ve yaşam boyu sonuçları olabilecek ana
intrauterin çevresel faktördür. Maternal dönemde, çok düşük veya yüksek enerji
alımı, daha yüksek protein ve yağ alımı yenidoğanlarda obezite riskini
arttırabilir. Bu durum cinsiyete göre değişmekle birlikte kızlar erkeklere göre
daha savunmasızdır. Genel olarak gebelik sırasında yeterli ve dengeli protein
ve enerji alımı yetişkin obezitesi için koruyucu bir faktör olabilir.

Gebeliğin erken
dönemlerinden itibaren yeterli demir, krom, folik asit, vitamin B₁₂ takviyeleri
yenidoğanlarda obeziteyi önleyebilirken, aşırı folik asit, vitamin B₁₂
gibi metil vitaminleri ile aşırı multivitamin alımı da obezite riskini
arttırabilir. Annedeki mevcut obezite veya gebelik sırasındaki özellikle de ilk
trimesterdeki aşırı vücut ağırlığı kazanımı da birçok komplikasyonun yanında yenidoğanlarda
obez olma riskini de arttırır.

Doğum ağırlığı ile BKİ, bel çevresi ve
vücut yağ yüzdesi arasında U-şeklinde bir ilişki vardır. Yapılan çalışmalarda
hem yüksek doğum ağırlığının hem de düşük doğum ağırlığının sonraki yaşamda
obezite riski ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Optimal maternal beslenme
doğum ağırlığını ve annenin gebelik sırasındaki vücut ağırlığı kazanımını
etkileyerek obezite riskini azaltabilir. Optimal beslenmeyi teşvik etmek sadece
optimal fetal gelişimi sağlamakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda ilerleyen dönemde
obezite gelişme riskini de azaltır.

Bu derleme makalenin amacı, gebelikte
maternal beslenme ve maternal vücut ağırlığı kazanımı, annenin vücut ağırlığı
ve bebek doğum ağırlığı ile çocukluk, erişkinlik gibi ilerleyen dönemde obezite
gelişimi ile olan ilişkilerini yapılan çalışmalar eşliğinde özetlemektir.

Keywords

Gebelik, Maternal Beslenme, Obezite

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