Tıkınırcasına Yeme Bozukluğu ve Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 817 - 824, 30.06.2022

Şevval Keskinkaya Aylin Açıkgöz Pınar

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.976688

Abstract

Tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu, telafi edici davranışlar olmaksızın, son 3 ay içerisinde en az haftada 1 kez tekrarlayan, bireyin kontrolünü kaybettiği tıkınırcasına yeme atakları ile karakterize olan bir yeme bozukluğudur. Zayıf benlik algısı, depresyon, belirli bir diyete uyma zorunluluğu, vücut ağırlığında artış gibi durumlar, Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus ve tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu arasında çift yönlü bir ilişki oluşturmaktadır. İki rahatsızlığın birlikte seyretmesinin, diyabetli bireylerde metabolik kontrolünün sağlanmasını zorlaştırabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu konuda literatürde çelişkili sonuçlar mevcut olsa da vücut ağırlığının, glisemik kontrol ve yeme bozukluğu arasındaki ilişkide düzenleyici olduğu düşüncesi yaygındır. Prevalansa yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda Tip 2 diyabetlilerin %0,1’i ile %25,6’sı arasında bir sıklıkta tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu olduğu saptanmıştır. Prevalanstaki bu geniş aralığın, çalışmalardaki katılımcılara ait özelliklerin ve kullanılan tarama araçlarının farklılığından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Tip 2 diyabetlilerde tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu tanısı için geliştirilmiş altın standart bir tarama testi bulunmamaktadır. Ancak bazı araştırmacılar, Yeme Bozukluğu İnceleme Anketi (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire) ve Yeme ve Ağırlık Modelleri Anketi’nin (Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns) taramada kullanmak için kullanışlı yöntemler olduğunu belirtmiştir. Bu derlemede, tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu ve Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus arasındaki ilişki, görülme sıklığı, metabolik etkileri ve tanıda kullanılabilecek araçlar incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Tip 2 diabetes mellitus, Tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu, Tanı testleri

Binge Eating Disorder and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Binge Eating Disorder is an eating disorder characterized by binge-eating episodes in which the person loses control, recurring at least once a week for the last 3 months without compensatory behaviors. Conditions such as poor self-perception, depression, having to follow a certain diet, and increased body weight create a bidirectional relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Binge Eating Disorder. It is thought that the coexistence of the two disorders may make it difficult to achieve metabolic control in people with diabetes. Although there are conflicting results in the literature on this subject, it is widely believed that body weight is a moderator in the relationship between glycemic control and eating disorders. In studies conducted on the prevalence, it was determined that between 0.1% and 25.6% of Type 2 diabetes patients have Binge Eating Disorder. This wide range in prevalence is thought to be due to the differences in the characteristics of the participants in the studies and the screening tools used. There is no gold standard screening test developed for the diagnosis of Binge Eating Disorder in people with type 2 diabetes. However, some researchers have stated that the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns are useful methods for screening. In this review, the relationship between Binge Eating Disorder and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, their incidence, metabolic effects and diagnostic tools were examined.

Keywords

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Binge-eating disorder, Diagnostic tests

References

• 1. American Psychiatric Association (2013). “Feeding and Eating Disorders”. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5®) (329-54). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
• 2. Kessler, R.C, Berglund, P.A, Chiu, W.T, Deitz, A.C, Hudson, J.I, Shahly, V, Aguilar-Gaxiola, S, Alonso, J, Angermeyer, M.C. and Benjet, C. (2013). "The Prevalence and Correlates of Binge Eating Disorder in The World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys". Biological Psychiatry, 73 (9), 904-14.
• 3. Galmiche, M, Déchelotte, P, Lambert, G. and Tavolacci, M.P. (2019). "Prevalence of Eating Disorders Over The 2000–2018 Period: A Systematic Literature Review". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109 (5), 1402-13.
• 4. Olguin, P, Fuentes, M, Gabler, G, Guerdjikova, A.I, Keck, P.E. and McElroy, S.L. (2017). "Medical Comorbidity of Binge Eating Disorder". Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 22 (1), 13-26.
• 5. American Diabetes Association (2022). "2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022". Diabetes Care, 45 (Supplement 1), S17-S38.
• 6. International Diabetes Federation. (2021). "IDF Diabetes Atlas‐10th Edition". Erişim adresi: https://www.diabetesatlas.org/data/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.03.2022).
• 7. Garcia-Mayor, R.V. and Garcia-Soidan, F.J. (2017). "Eating Disoders in Type 2 Diabetic People: Brief Review". Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 11 (3), 221-4.
• 8. Nieto-Martínez, R, González-Rivas, J.P, Medina-Inojosa, J.R. and Florez, H. (2017). "Are Eating Disorders Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Current Diabetes Reports, 17 (12).
• 9. Racicka, E. and Brynska, A. (2015). "Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Warning Signs". Psychiatria Polska, 49 (5), 1017-24.
• 10. Park, M, Quinn, L, Park, C. and Martyn-Nemeth, P. (2018). "Pathways of The Relationships Among Eating Behavior, Stress, and Coping in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study". Appetite, 131, 84-93.
• 11. Gagnon, C, Aimé, A. and Bélanger, C. (2017). "Predictors of Comorbid Eating Disorders and Diabetes in People with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes". Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 41 (1), 52-7.
• 12. Abbott, S, Dindol, N, Tahrani, A.A. and Piya, M.K. (2018). "Binge Eating Disorder and Night Eating Syndrome in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review". Journal of Eating Disorders, 6 (1).
• 13. Krishnamurthy, A, Gupta, Y, Bhargava, R, Sharan, P, Tandon, N. and Jyotsna, V.P. (2020). "Evaluation of Eating Disorders and Their Association with Glycemic Control and Metabolic Parameters in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14 (6), 1555-61.
• 14. Nicolau, J, Simó, R, Sanchís, P, Ayala, L, Fortuny, R, Zubillaga, I. and Masmiquel, L. (2015). "Eating Disorders Are Frequent Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Are Associated with Worse Metabolic and Psychological Outcomes: Results From a Cross-sectional Study in Primary and Secondary Care Settings". Acta Diabetologica, 52 (6), 1037-44.
• 15. Papelbaum, M, De Oliveira Moreira, R, Coutinho, W.F, Kupfer, R, Freitas, S, Raggio Luz, R. and Appolinario, J.C. (2019). "Does Binge-eating Matter for Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients?". Journal of Eating Disorders, 7 (1).
• 16. Petroni, M.L, Barbanti, F.A, Bonadonna, R, Bruno, G, Caletti, M.T, Croci, M, D'Eusebio, C, Dei Cas, A, Invitti, C, Merlo, F, Molteni, A, Pontiroli, A Trento, M, Veronelli, A, Vigili de Kreutzenberg, S. and Marchesini, G. (2019). "Dysfunctional Eating in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Italian study of Socio-demographic and Clinical Associations". Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 29 (9), 983-90.
• 17. Chevinsky, J.D, Wadden, T.A. and Chao, A.M. (2020). "Binge Eating Disorder in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Diagnostic and Management Challenges". Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 13, 1117-31.
• 18. American Diabetes Association (2022). "5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022". Diabetes Care, 45 (Supplement 1), S60-S82.
• 19. Parry, S, Woods, R, Hodson, L. and Hulston, C. (2017). "A Single Day of Excessive Dietary Fat Intake Reduces Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity: The Metabolic Consequence of Binge Eating". Nutrients, 9 (8), 818.
• 20. Altınok, Y.A, Özgür, S, Meseri, R, Özen, S, Darcan, Ş. ve Gökşen, D. (2017). "Reliability and Validity of The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey in Turkish Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus". Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology, 9 (4), 323.
• 21. Morgan, J.F, Reid, F. and Lacey, J.H. (1999). "The SCOFF Questionnaire: Assessment of A New Screening Tool for Eating Disorders". Bmj, 319 (7223), 1467-8.
• 22. Cotton, M.A, Ball, C. and Robinson, P. (2003). "Four Simple Questions Can Help Screen for Eating Disorders". Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18 (1), 53-6.
• 23. Maguen, S, Hebenstreit, C, Li, Y, Dinh, J.V, Donalson, R, Dalton, S, Rubin, E. and Masheb, R. (2018). "Screen for Disordered Eating: Improving The Accuracy of Eating Disorder Screening in Primary Care". General Hospital Psychiatry, 50, 20-5.
• 24. Gormally, J, Black, S, Daston, S. and Rardin, D. (1982). "The Assessment of Binge Eating Severity Among Obese Persons". Addictive Behaviors, 7 (1), 47-55.
• 25. Kliem, S, Mößle, T, Zenger, M, Strauß, B, Brähler, E. and Hilbert, A. (2016). "The Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire 8: A Brief Measure of Eating Disorder Psychopathology (EDE‐Q8)". International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49 (6), 613-6.
• 26. Fairburn, C.G. and Beglin, S.J. (1994). "Assessment of Eating Disorders: Interview or Self‐report Questionnaire?". International journal of eating disorders, 16 (4), 363-70.
• 27. Yanovski, S.Z, Marcus, M.D, Wadden, T.A. and Walsh, B.T. (2015). "The Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-5: An Updated Screening Instrument for Binge Eating Disorder". International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48 (3), 259-61.
• 28. Cooper, Z. and Fairburn, C. (1987). "The Eating Disorder Examination: A Semi‐structured Interview for The Assessment of The Specific Psychopathology of Eating Disorders". International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6 (1), 1-8.
• 29. Shankman, S.A, Funkhouser, C.J, Klein, D.N, Davila, J, Lerner, D. and Hee, D. (2018). "Reliability and Validity of Severity Dimensions of Psychopathology Assessed using The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 (SCID)". International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 27 (1), e1590.
• 30. Wright, L.A.C. and Hirsch, I.B. (2017). “Metrics Beyond Hemoglobin A1C in Diabetes Management: Time in Range, Hypoglycemia, and Other Parameters”. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 19 (S2), S-16.