Retrospective Study on Serum Electrolytes in Women with Postmenoposal Osteoporosis

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1221 - 1226, 27.09.2022

Büşra Şahin Gülsemin Ertürk Çelik Sezin Ertürk Aksakal Yaprak Ustun

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1137155

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of serum sodium-potassium ratio on osteoporosis and to perform correlation analysis associated with Bone Mineral Density. One hundred one patients applying to Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital between June 2021 and February 2022 were included to our retrospective study. Demographic data, serum electrolyte lipid profile, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), 25-hydroxy vitamin D, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinin values of the patients were recorded into patient follow-up forms. Median age and menapouse duration of patient with osteoporosis were significantly higher than control group. Significant difference was not detected in lipid profile, electrolyte values, BUN/creatinin, HDL/LDL, sodium/potassium ratio of the patients. Significant negative correlation was detected between T-score, BUN/Cr ratio and menapouse duration according to the correlation analysis which was implemented. In order to reduce osteoporosis associated fractures and for early treatment, detecting the modifiable factors is key in patients with osteoporosis. In accordance to our study siginificant relationship between serum electrolytes and osteoporosis was not detected nevertheless, it is needed to have wide ranging studies in patients with osteoporosis for this particular subject.

Keywords

Bone mineral density, Osteoporosis, Serum electrolyte

Postmenopozal Osteoporozlu Kadınlarda Serum Elektrolitleri Üzerine Retrospektif Çalışma

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı serum sodyum-potasyum oranının osteoporoz üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması ve kemik mineral dansitometre (KMD) ile korelasyonunun analiz edilmesidir. Retrospektif gözlemsel çalışmamız için Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Kadın Hastalıkları Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi’ne Haziran 2021 ve Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında rutin kontrol için başvuran ve KMD istenen 101 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik verileri ve serum elektrolitleri lipit profili, C-Reaktif Protein (CRP), 25-hidroksi vitamin D, Kan Üre Azotu (BUN) ve kreatinin (Cr) değerleri hasta takip formuna kaydedildi. Osteoporoz olan hastalarda ortanca yaş ve menopoz süresi kontrol grubuna göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek bulundu. Hastaların lipid profili, elektrolit değerleri, BUN, kreatinin, BUN/kreatinin, HDL/LDL, sodyum/potasyum oranları arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Yapılan korelasyon analizinde T-skoru ile BUN/Cr oranı ve menopoz süresi arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Osteoporozlu hastalarda değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinin saptanması osteoporoza bağlı kırıkların azaltılması ve erken tedavisi için önem arzetmektedir. Biz çalışmamızda serum elektrolitleri ve osteoporoz arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptamadık ancak osteoporozlu hastalarda bu konuda daha geniş ölçekli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Kemik mineral yoğunluğu, Osteoporoz, Serum elektrolitleri

References

• 1. Rodríguez-Martínez, M.A. and García-Cohen, E.C. (2002). “Role of Ca (2+) and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis”. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 93 (1), 37-49.
• 2. Qiu, C, Chen, H, Wen, J, Zhu, P, Lin, F, Huang, B, Wu, P, Lin, Q, Lin, Y, Rao, H, Huang, H, Liang, J, Li, L, Gong, X, Peng, S, Li, M, Chen, L, Tang, K, Chen, Z, Lin, L. and Chen, G. (2013). “Associations between age at menarche and menopause with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis in Chinese women”. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 98 (4), 1612-1621. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2919
• 3. Cosman, F, de Beur, S.J, LeBoff, M.S, Lewiecki, E.M, Tanner, B, Randall, S, Lindsay, R. and National Osteoporosis Foundation (2014). “Clinician's Guide to Preventionand Treatment of Osteoporosis”. Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 25 (10), 2359-2381.
• 4. International Osteoporosis Foundation. (2021). “Factsandstatistics”. https://www.osteoporosis.founda tion/facts-statistics. (Erişim: 24Kasım2021).
• 5. Tüzün, Ş. (2012). "Epidemiyoloji Türkiye Çalışması Fracturk". In: Ö. PEKER, J. MERAY (Eds.). Osteoporozda Tanı ve Tedavi (22-34). İstanbul: Galenos Yayınevi.
• 6. Akbulut, A. (2019). “Krause's Food & The Nutrition Care Process”. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
• 7. Zhu, K, Devine, A. and Prince, R.L. (2009). “The effects of high potassium consumption on bone mineral density in a prospective cohort study of elderly postmenopausal women”. Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 20 (2), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0666-3
• 8. New, S. A, Bolton-Smith, C, Grubb, D.A. and Reid, D.M. (1997). “Nutritional influences on bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study in premenopausal women”. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 65 (6), 1831–1839. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/65.6.1831
• 9. Kong, S. H, Kim, J.H, Hong, A.R, Lee, J.H, Kim, S.W. and Shin, C.S. (2017). “Dietary potassium intake is beneficial to bone health in a low calcium intake population: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (2008-2011)”. Osteoporosis international: A journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 28 (5), 1577–1585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-3908-4
• 10. Barzel, U.S. (1995). “The skeleton as an ion exchange system: implications for the role of acid-base imbalance in the genesis of osteoporosis”. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 10 (10), 1431–1436. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650101002
• 11. Arnett, T.R. (2007). “Acid-base regulation of bone metabolism”. In: P. BURCKHARDT, RP. HEANEY, B. DAWSON-HUGHES (Eds.). Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis (255–67). New York: Elsevier.
• 12. Shortt, C. and Flynn, A. (1990). “Sodium-calcium inter-relationships with specific reference to osteoporosis”. Nutrition research reviews, 3 (1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19900008
• 13. Sellmeyer, D. E, Schloetter, M. and Sebastian, A. (2002). “Potassium citrate prevents increased urine calcium excretion and bone resorption induced by a high sodium chloride diet”. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 87 (5), 2008–2012.
• 14. Kutsal, Y.G. (2000). “Osteoporoz”. In: M. BEYAZOVA, YG KUTSAL (Eds.) Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon. Ankara: Güneş Kitapevi.
• 15. Sepici, V. (1998). “Osteoporoz tani ve takibinde laboratuar yöntemleri”. In: Y.G. KUTSAL (Ed.). Osteoporoz. Istanbul.
• 16. Park, H. S, Kim, G.Y, Lo, J. A, Kim, J. S, Ahn, S.Y, Ko, G.J, Kwon, Y.J. and Kim, J.E. (2021). “Urine and Serum Electrolytes and Biochemical Values Associated with Osteoporosis in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Study Using Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Cohort”. Journal of clinical medicine, 10 (10), 2155. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102155
• 17. WHO Scientific Group on the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: report of a WHO scientific group. Internet Communication. (2007).
• 18. Holm, J.P, Amar, A, Hyldstrup, L. adn Jensen, J. (2016).” Hyponatremia, a risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures in women”. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 27 (3), 989–1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3370-0
• 19. Verbalis, J. G, Barsony, J, Sugimura, Y, Tian, Y, Adams, D.J, Carter, E.A. and Resnick, H.E. (2010). “Hyponatremia-induced osteoporosis”. Journal of bone and mineral research: the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 25 (3), 554–563. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.090827
• 20. Wachman, A. and Bernstein, D.S. (1968). “Diet and osteoporosis”. Lancet, 1 (7549), 958–959.
• 21. Barzel, U.S. and Massey, L.K. (1998). “Excess dietary protein can adversely affect bone”. The Journal of nutrition, 128 (6), 1051–1053.
• 22. Bushinsky, D.A, Riordon, D.R, Chan, J.S. and Krieger, N.S. (1997). “Decreased potassium stimulates bone resorption”. The American journal of physiology, 272 (6 Pt 2), F774–F780.
• 23. Dawson-Hughes, B, Harris, S.S, Palermo, N.J, Castaneda-Sceppa, C, Rasmussen, H.M. and Dallal, G.E. (2009). “Treatment with potassium bicarbonate lowers calcium excretion and bone resorption in older men and women”. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 94 (1), 96–102.
• 24. Sebastian, A, Harris, S.T, Ottaway, J.H, Todd, K.M. and Morris, R.C. (1994). “Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate”. The New England journal of medicine, 330 (25), 1776–1781.
• 25. Komarova, S.V, Pereverzev, A, Shum, J.W, Sims, S.M. and Dixon, S.J. (2005). “Convergent signaling by acidosis and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) on the calcium/calcineurin/NFAT pathway in osteoclasts”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 102 (7), 2643–2648.
• 26. Dawson-Hughes, B. (2010). “Acid-base balance, bone, and muscle”. In: P. BURCKHARDT, B. DAWSON HUGHES, CM WEAVER (Eds.) Nutritional influences on bone health (173–9). London: Springer-Verlag.
• 27. Peng, R, Liu, K, Li, W, Yuan, Y, Niu, R, Zhou, L, Xiao, Y, Gao, H, Yang, H, Zhang, C, Zhang, X, He, M. and Wu, T. (2021). “Blood urea nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and incident stroke: The Dongfeng-Tongji cohort”. Atherosclerosis, 333, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.