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Öğretmenlerin Beslenme Bilgisi, Beslenme Bilgi Kaynakları ve Dijital Sağlıklı Diyet Okuryazarlığının Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 967 - 976, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1228024

Abstract

Öğrencilerle sürekli iletişim ve etkileşim halinde olan öğretmenler öğrencilere sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve yeme davranışlarının kazandırılmasında önemli bir rol modeldir. Bu çalışmada, öğretmenlerin beslenme bilgi düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kesitsel çalışma Mayıs 2022-Temmuz 2022 tarihlerinde online olarak yürütülmüştür. Öğretmenlere beslenme bilgi ölçeği ve dijital sağlıklı diyet okuryazarlığı ölçeği uygulanmış, sosyodemografik özellikleri ile beslenme bilgi kaynakları sorgulanmıştır. Öğretmenlerin beslenme bilgi puanları 94,54±12,97 olarak bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların %65,6’sının beslenme bilgi düzeyi orta-yüksektir. Sağlıklı beslenme konusunda bilgi sahibi olanların beslenme bilgi puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,013). Bilgi kaynağı olarak sağlık kurumu (p=0,007) ve kitap ve bilimsel kaynaklardan (p<0,001) yararlananların beslenme bilgi puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Beslenme bilgi düzeyi düşük-orta olanların dijital sağlıklı diyet okuryazarlığının, beslenme bilgi düzeyi yüksek olanlardan daha fazla olduğu gösterilmiştir (p=0,007). Öğretmenlerin büyük bir kısmının beslenme bilgi düzeyinin orta-yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Beslenme bilgi düzeyinin arttırılmasında doğru bilgi kaynaklarına ulaşmak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Öğretmenler sağlıklı beslenme konusunda öğrenci ve ailelerine hem rol model olarak hem de doğru bilgi kaynaklarına yönlendirerek sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarının kazandırılmasında önemli rol oynar. Dolayısıyla, çocukluktan adolesan döneme kadar sağlıklı beslenme ve yeme davranışlarının kazandırılması için öğretmenlerin beslenme bilgi düzeylerinin arttırılması ve beslenme ile ilişkili seminer ve eğitimlerin yaygınlaştırılması ve sürekli hale getirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Thanks

Verilerin toplanmasında büyük katkıları olan Fatime Cin, Nizamettin Cin ve Sevgi Çataklı'ya çok teşekkür ederim

References

  • 1. Craigie, A. M, Lake, A. A, Kelly, S. A, Adamson, A. J. and Mathers, J. C. (2011) ''Tracking of Obesity-Related Behaviours From Childhood to Adulthood: A Systematic Review''. Maturitas, 70, 266-284. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.08.005.
  • 2. Agirbasli, M, Tanrikulu, A. M. and Berenson, G. S. (2016) ''Metabolic Syndrome: Bridging the Gap from Childhood to Adulthood''. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 34, 30-36. doi: 10.1111/1755-5922.12165.
  • 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011). ''School health guidelines to promote healthy eating and physical activity''. MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports, 60 (RR-5), 1-76.
  • 4. Driessen, C. E, Cameron, A. J, Thornton, L. E, Lai, S. K. and Barnett, L. M. (2014) ''Effect of Changes to the School Food Environment on Eating Behaviours and/or Body Weight in Children: A Systematic Review''. Obesity Reviews, 15, 968-982. doi: 10.1111/obr.12224. Epub 2014 Sep 29.
  • 5. Racey, M, O'Brien, C, Douglas, S, Marquez, O, Hendrie, G. and Newton, G. (2016) ''Systematic Review of School‐Based Interventions to Modify Dietary Behavior: Does Intervention Intensity Impact Effectiveness''? Journal of School Health, 86, 452-463. doi: 10.1111/josh.12396.
  • 6. Kubik, M. Y, Lytle, L. A, Hannan, P. J, Story, M. and Perry, C. L. (2002) ''Food Related Beliefs, Eating Behavior, and Classroom Food Practices of Middle School Teachers''. Journal of School Health, 72, 339-345. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2002.tb07921.x.
  • 7. Horne, P. J, Greenhalgh, J, Erjavec, M, Lowe, C. F, Viktor, S. and Whitaker, C. J. (2011) ''Increasing Pre-School Children's Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables. A Modelling and Rewards Intervention''. Appetite, 56, 375-385. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.11.146.
  • 8. Rossiter, M, Glanville, T, Taylor, J. and Blum, I. (2007) ''School Food Practices of Prospective Teachers''. Journal of School Health, 77, 694-700. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00253.x.
  • 9. Findholt, N. E, Izumi, B. T, Shannon, J. and Nguyen, T. (2016) ''Food-Related Practices and Beliefs of Rural US Elementary and Middle School Teachers''. Rural and Remote Health, 16, 1-9.
  • 10. Katsagoni, C. N, Apostolou, A, Georgoulis, M, Psarra, G, Bathrellou, E, Filippou, C, Panagiotakos, D. B. and Sidossis, L. S. (2019) ''Schoolteachers’ Nutrition Knowledge, Beliefs, and Attitudes Before and After an E-Learning Program''. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51, 1088-1098. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.07.001.
  • 11. Liu, H, Xu, X, Liu, D, Rao, Y, Reis, C, Sharma, M, Yuan, J, Chen, Y. and Zhao, Y. (2018) ''Nutrition-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) among Kindergarten Teachers in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey''. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 615. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040615.
  • 12. Jones, A. M. and Zidenberg-Cherr, S. (2015) ''Exploring Nutrition Education Resources and Barriers, and Nutrition Knowledge in Teachers in California''. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47, 162-169. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.06.011.
  • 13. Weir, C. B. and Jan, A. (2020) ''BMI Classification Percentile and Cut Off Points''. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (1-4). USA: StatPearls Publishing;
  • 14. Parmenter, K. and Wardle, J. (1999) ''Development of a General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Adults''. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 298-308. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600726.
  • 15. Kliemann, N, Wardle, J, Johnson, F. and Croker, H. (2016) ''Reliability and Validity of a Revised Version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire''. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 1174-1180. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.87.
  • 16. Öngün Yılmaz, H, Aydın Haklı, D, Toğuç, H, Çobanoğlu, Z, Öner Sayar, C, Erkul, C. and Günal, A. M. (2021) ''Nutrition Knowledge Scale (NKS): Development, Factor Structure, and Validation for Healthy Adults''. Progress in Nutrition, 23(3):e2021104.
  • 17. Duong, T. V, Pham, K. M, Do, B. N, Kim, G. B, Dam, H. T, Le, V.-T. T, Nguyen, T. T, Nguyen, H. T, Nguyen, T. T. and Le, T. T. (2020) ''Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey''. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 7185. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197185.
  • 18. Yılmaz, S. K. and Eskici, G. (2021) ''Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-Kısa Form ve Dijital Sağlıklı Diyet Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması''. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, 19-25.
  • 19. Hayran, M. (2011) ''Sağlık Araştırmaları İçin Temel İstatistik''. Ankara: Omega Araştırma.
  • 20. Scaglioni, S, Arrizza, C, Vecchi, F. and Tedeschi, S. (2011) ''Determinants of Children’s Eating Behavior''. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94, 2006S-2011S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.001685.
  • 21. Perez-Rodrigo, C. and Aranceta, J. (2003) ''Nutrition Education in Schools: Experiences and Challenges''. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, S82-S85. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601824.
  • 22. Pérez-Rodrigo, C. and Aranceta, J. (2001) ''School-Based Nutrition Education: Lessons Learned and New Perspectives''. Public Health Nutrition 4, 131-139. doi: 10.1079/phn2000108.
  • 23. Erausquin, J. T. (2006) ''The Role of Classroom Teachers in Nutrition and Physical Education''. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 4 (3), 116-127.
  • 24. Coccia, C. C, Tamargo, J. and Macchi, A. K. (2020) ''Effects of Nutrition Knowledge, Personal Health and Self-Efficacy on Food-Related Teaching Practices of Elementary School Pre-Service Teachers''. Health Education Journal, 79, 974-986
  • 25. Emiroglu, E, Ulker, M. T. and Elmacioglu, F. (2022). ''Eating Attitude, Nutrition Knowledge and Behaviors Among Female Preschool Teachers in İstanbul: A Cross-Sectional Study''. Journal of Health Science, 7, 85-92
  • 26. Spronk, I, Kullen, C, Burdon, C. and O'Connor, H. (2014) ''Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Intake''. British Journal of Nutrition, 111, 1713-1726. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514000087.
  • 27. Parmenter, K, Waller, J. and Wardle, J. (2000) ''Demographic Variation in Nutrition Knowledge in England''. Health Education Research, 15, 163-174. doi: 10.1093/her/15.2.163.
  • 28.Worsley, A. (2002) ''Nutrition Knowledge and Food Consumption: Can Nutrition Knowledge Change Food Behaviour''? Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 11, S579-S585. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.supp3.7.x.
  • 29. De Vriendt, T, Matthys, C, Verbeke, W, Pynaert, I. and De Henauw, S. (2009) ''Determinants of nutrition knowledge in young and middle-aged Belgian women and the association with their dietary behaviour''. Appetite, 52, 788-792. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.014.
  • 30. Gavgani, V. Z, Qeisari, E. and Jafarabadi, M. A. (2013) ''Health Information Seeking Behavior (HISB): A Study of a Developing Country''. Health, 2, 1-2013.
  • 31. Obasola, O. I. and Agunbiade, O. M. (2016) ''Online Health Information Seeking Pattern Among Undergraduates in a Nigerian University''. Sage Open, 6, 2158244016635255.
  • 32. Quaidoo, E. Y, Ohemeng, A. and Amankwah-Poku, M. (2018) ''Sources of Nutrition Information and Level of Nutrition Knowledge Among Young Adults in The Accra Metropolis''. BMC Public Health, 18, 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6159-1.

Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 967 - 976, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1228024

Abstract

Schoolteachers who interact with students continuously and intensively are important role models for students to gain healthy eating habits and eating behaviors. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate teachers' nutrition knowledge, sources of nutrition information and digital healthy diet literacy. This cross-sectional study was conducted online between May 2022 and July 2022. Schoolteachers completed Nutrition Knowledge Scale and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy Scale and the questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic characteristics and sources of nutrition information. Schoolteachers’ average scores of nutrition knowledge was found to be 94.54±12.97. About 65.6% of the participants had mid-to-high nutrition knowledge. Participants who had information about healthy nutrition had higher nutrition knowledge scores (p=0.013). Participants who used medical institution (p=0.007) and scientific books and publications (p<0.001) for nutrition information scored higher marks on the nutrition knowledge assessment. It was showed that Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of schoolteachers whose nutrition knowledge was low-to-mid were higher than schoolteachers whose nutrition knowledge was mid-to-high (p=0.007). Nutrition knowledge of most of schoolteachers were mid-to- high. It is crucial to select right information sources in order to increase nutrition knowledge. Teachers play an important role in promoting of healthy eating habits for students and their families by becoming role models and referring them to the right sources of information. Therefore, it is very important to enhance nutrition knowledge of school teachers and implement nutrition educations regularly in order to promote healthy nutrition and eating behaviors from childhood to adolescence.

References

  • 1. Craigie, A. M, Lake, A. A, Kelly, S. A, Adamson, A. J. and Mathers, J. C. (2011) ''Tracking of Obesity-Related Behaviours From Childhood to Adulthood: A Systematic Review''. Maturitas, 70, 266-284. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.08.005.
  • 2. Agirbasli, M, Tanrikulu, A. M. and Berenson, G. S. (2016) ''Metabolic Syndrome: Bridging the Gap from Childhood to Adulthood''. Cardiovascular Therapeutics, 34, 30-36. doi: 10.1111/1755-5922.12165.
  • 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011). ''School health guidelines to promote healthy eating and physical activity''. MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports, 60 (RR-5), 1-76.
  • 4. Driessen, C. E, Cameron, A. J, Thornton, L. E, Lai, S. K. and Barnett, L. M. (2014) ''Effect of Changes to the School Food Environment on Eating Behaviours and/or Body Weight in Children: A Systematic Review''. Obesity Reviews, 15, 968-982. doi: 10.1111/obr.12224. Epub 2014 Sep 29.
  • 5. Racey, M, O'Brien, C, Douglas, S, Marquez, O, Hendrie, G. and Newton, G. (2016) ''Systematic Review of School‐Based Interventions to Modify Dietary Behavior: Does Intervention Intensity Impact Effectiveness''? Journal of School Health, 86, 452-463. doi: 10.1111/josh.12396.
  • 6. Kubik, M. Y, Lytle, L. A, Hannan, P. J, Story, M. and Perry, C. L. (2002) ''Food Related Beliefs, Eating Behavior, and Classroom Food Practices of Middle School Teachers''. Journal of School Health, 72, 339-345. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2002.tb07921.x.
  • 7. Horne, P. J, Greenhalgh, J, Erjavec, M, Lowe, C. F, Viktor, S. and Whitaker, C. J. (2011) ''Increasing Pre-School Children's Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables. A Modelling and Rewards Intervention''. Appetite, 56, 375-385. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.11.146.
  • 8. Rossiter, M, Glanville, T, Taylor, J. and Blum, I. (2007) ''School Food Practices of Prospective Teachers''. Journal of School Health, 77, 694-700. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00253.x.
  • 9. Findholt, N. E, Izumi, B. T, Shannon, J. and Nguyen, T. (2016) ''Food-Related Practices and Beliefs of Rural US Elementary and Middle School Teachers''. Rural and Remote Health, 16, 1-9.
  • 10. Katsagoni, C. N, Apostolou, A, Georgoulis, M, Psarra, G, Bathrellou, E, Filippou, C, Panagiotakos, D. B. and Sidossis, L. S. (2019) ''Schoolteachers’ Nutrition Knowledge, Beliefs, and Attitudes Before and After an E-Learning Program''. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51, 1088-1098. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.07.001.
  • 11. Liu, H, Xu, X, Liu, D, Rao, Y, Reis, C, Sharma, M, Yuan, J, Chen, Y. and Zhao, Y. (2018) ''Nutrition-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) among Kindergarten Teachers in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey''. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 615. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040615.
  • 12. Jones, A. M. and Zidenberg-Cherr, S. (2015) ''Exploring Nutrition Education Resources and Barriers, and Nutrition Knowledge in Teachers in California''. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47, 162-169. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.06.011.
  • 13. Weir, C. B. and Jan, A. (2020) ''BMI Classification Percentile and Cut Off Points''. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (1-4). USA: StatPearls Publishing;
  • 14. Parmenter, K. and Wardle, J. (1999) ''Development of a General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Adults''. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 298-308. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600726.
  • 15. Kliemann, N, Wardle, J, Johnson, F. and Croker, H. (2016) ''Reliability and Validity of a Revised Version of the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire''. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 1174-1180. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.87.
  • 16. Öngün Yılmaz, H, Aydın Haklı, D, Toğuç, H, Çobanoğlu, Z, Öner Sayar, C, Erkul, C. and Günal, A. M. (2021) ''Nutrition Knowledge Scale (NKS): Development, Factor Structure, and Validation for Healthy Adults''. Progress in Nutrition, 23(3):e2021104.
  • 17. Duong, T. V, Pham, K. M, Do, B. N, Kim, G. B, Dam, H. T, Le, V.-T. T, Nguyen, T. T, Nguyen, H. T, Nguyen, T. T. and Le, T. T. (2020) ''Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Self-Perceived Eating Behavior Change During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Undergraduate Nursing and Medical Students: A Rapid Online Survey''. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 7185. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197185.
  • 18. Yılmaz, S. K. and Eskici, G. (2021) ''Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği-Kısa Form ve Dijital Sağlıklı Diyet Okuryazarlığı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması''. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, 19-25.
  • 19. Hayran, M. (2011) ''Sağlık Araştırmaları İçin Temel İstatistik''. Ankara: Omega Araştırma.
  • 20. Scaglioni, S, Arrizza, C, Vecchi, F. and Tedeschi, S. (2011) ''Determinants of Children’s Eating Behavior''. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94, 2006S-2011S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.001685.
  • 21. Perez-Rodrigo, C. and Aranceta, J. (2003) ''Nutrition Education in Schools: Experiences and Challenges''. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, S82-S85. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601824.
  • 22. Pérez-Rodrigo, C. and Aranceta, J. (2001) ''School-Based Nutrition Education: Lessons Learned and New Perspectives''. Public Health Nutrition 4, 131-139. doi: 10.1079/phn2000108.
  • 23. Erausquin, J. T. (2006) ''The Role of Classroom Teachers in Nutrition and Physical Education''. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 4 (3), 116-127.
  • 24. Coccia, C. C, Tamargo, J. and Macchi, A. K. (2020) ''Effects of Nutrition Knowledge, Personal Health and Self-Efficacy on Food-Related Teaching Practices of Elementary School Pre-Service Teachers''. Health Education Journal, 79, 974-986
  • 25. Emiroglu, E, Ulker, M. T. and Elmacioglu, F. (2022). ''Eating Attitude, Nutrition Knowledge and Behaviors Among Female Preschool Teachers in İstanbul: A Cross-Sectional Study''. Journal of Health Science, 7, 85-92
  • 26. Spronk, I, Kullen, C, Burdon, C. and O'Connor, H. (2014) ''Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Intake''. British Journal of Nutrition, 111, 1713-1726. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514000087.
  • 27. Parmenter, K, Waller, J. and Wardle, J. (2000) ''Demographic Variation in Nutrition Knowledge in England''. Health Education Research, 15, 163-174. doi: 10.1093/her/15.2.163.
  • 28.Worsley, A. (2002) ''Nutrition Knowledge and Food Consumption: Can Nutrition Knowledge Change Food Behaviour''? Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 11, S579-S585. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.supp3.7.x.
  • 29. De Vriendt, T, Matthys, C, Verbeke, W, Pynaert, I. and De Henauw, S. (2009) ''Determinants of nutrition knowledge in young and middle-aged Belgian women and the association with their dietary behaviour''. Appetite, 52, 788-792. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.014.
  • 30. Gavgani, V. Z, Qeisari, E. and Jafarabadi, M. A. (2013) ''Health Information Seeking Behavior (HISB): A Study of a Developing Country''. Health, 2, 1-2013.
  • 31. Obasola, O. I. and Agunbiade, O. M. (2016) ''Online Health Information Seeking Pattern Among Undergraduates in a Nigerian University''. Sage Open, 6, 2158244016635255.
  • 32. Quaidoo, E. Y, Ohemeng, A. and Amankwah-Poku, M. (2018) ''Sources of Nutrition Information and Level of Nutrition Knowledge Among Young Adults in The Accra Metropolis''. BMC Public Health, 18, 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6159-1.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Arzu Kabasakal Çetin 0000-0001-7432-9130

Publication Date September 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kabasakal Çetin, A. (2023). Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 967-976. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1228024
AMA Kabasakal Çetin A. Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. September 2023;12(3):967-976. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1228024
Chicago Kabasakal Çetin, Arzu. “Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 3 (September 2023): 967-76. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1228024.
EndNote Kabasakal Çetin A (September 1, 2023) Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 3 967–976.
IEEE A. Kabasakal Çetin, “Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 967–976, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1228024.
ISNAD Kabasakal Çetin, Arzu. “Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/3 (September 2023), 967-976. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1228024.
JAMA Kabasakal Çetin A. Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:967–976.
MLA Kabasakal Çetin, Arzu. “Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, pp. 967-76, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1228024.
Vancouver Kabasakal Çetin A. Evaluation of Nutrition Knowledge, Sources of Nutrition Information and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy of Schoolteachers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(3):967-76.