Comparative Analysıs of Out-Of-Pocket Health Expenditure Across Countries of Different Income Groups

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 635 - 645, 29.06.2024

İlknur Arslan Aras Seyhan Çil Koçyiğit

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1367045

Abstract

The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the proportion of out-of-pocket health expenditures (OOPHE) in total health expenditure for countries across various income groups. The study utilizes data from the World Bank database between 2010 and 2019, compiled and analyzed in Excel. In 2019, there was a 4% increase in the low-income group, an 18% increase in the lower middle-income group, a 63% increase in the upper middle-income group, and a 36% increase in the high-income group when compared to the year 2010. When OOPHE per capita is analysed separately, we can observe that the high-income countries group has the highest expenditure (14%), but it is the group with the lowest share in total health expenditures. Given higher levels of out-of-pocket health expenditures in low- and lower-middle-income countries, significant disparities are apparent among income groups. To ensure more equitable access to healthcare, countries must reduce financial burdens on individuals by understanding the distinctions and implementing appropriate policies.

Keywords

Health Expenditures, Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures, Country Income Groups.

Cepten Sağlık Harcamalarının Ülke Gelir Gruplarına Göre Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı cepten sağlık harcamalarının (CSH) toplam sağlık harcaması içindeki paylarını farklı gelir gruplarındaki ülkeler bakımından karşılaştırılmalı bir analizini gerçekleştirmektir. Çalışma kapsamında analize tabi tutulacak olan veriler 2010-2019 tarihleri arasında Dünya Bankası veri tabanından elde edilerek, Excel programında derlenmiş ve karşılaştırmalı analize tabi tutulmuştur. Kişi başına yapılan CSH’ler de 2019 yılında 2010 yılına oranla düşük gelir grubunda %4’lük, alt orta gelirli grubunda %18’lik, üst orta gelirli grubunda %63’lük ve yüksek gelirli grubunda %36’lık bir artış meydana gelmiştir. Kişi başına yapılan CSH tek başına incelendiğinde en yüksek harcamanın yüksek gelirli ülkeler (%14) grubunda olduğu görülse de toplam sağlık harcamaları içinde payı en az olan ülke grubudur. Cepten sağlık harcamaları, düşük ve alt-orta gelirli ülkelerde daha yüksek düzeylerde olduğu gözlendiğinden, gelir grupları açısından önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir. Ülkeler, bu farklılıkları anlayarak ve uygun politikaları uygulayarak, bireyler üzerindeki mali yükü azaltmak ve sağlık hizmetlerine daha adil erişim sağlamak için çalışmalıdır.

Keywords

Sağlık Harcamaları, Cepten Sağlık Harcamaları, Ülke Gelir Grupları

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