The harmful effects of smoking and factors affecting smoking: maximal voluntary breath-holding time and exercise capacity

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 599 - 606, 29.06.2024

Esra Pehlivan

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1369310

Öz

Aim: The harmful effects of smoking and its impact on respiratory functions and exercise capacity are well-recognized health concerns in the present day, demanding further investigation. This study aims to assess the association between smoking and respiratory functions and exercise capacity while exploring factors contributing to smoking addiction.
Methods: A total of 893 volunteers (mean age: 27.24 years, range: 17-67) participated in this study, with 77% having a university education and 58% being female. Participants were categorized into active smokers, passive smokers, and non-smokers. Maximum Voluntary Breath-holding Time , 6-minute walk test distance, and 30-second chair stand test were used to assess respiratory functions and exercise capacity. Participants provided information about their smoking habits, which was analyzed and reported.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in Maximum Voluntary Breath-holding Time, 6-minute walk test distance, and 30-second chair stand test scores between the groups (p>0.05). However, all smokers exhibited psychological dependence on cigarettes, with 88% showing signs of physical dependence. Smoking initiation was significantly influenced by friends (64%). While 61% of active smokers acknowledged potential health issues associated with smoking, only 92% had not sought medical advice to quit smoking.
Conclusion: This study did not demonstrate a conclusive effect of cigarette consumption on respiratory functions and exercise capacity. However, it revealed a strong association between smoking habits and social factors such as friendships. Additionally, most smokers exhibited psychological and physical dependence on cigarettes, emphasizing the need for further research and awareness campaigns to highlight the detrimental consequences of smoking.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Addiction, Cigarette, Physical, Tobacco.

Sigaranın zararları ve sigarayı etkileyen faktörler: maksimal istemli nefes tutma süresi ve egzersiz kapasitesi

Öz

Amaç: Sigaranın zararlı etkileri ve solunum fonksiyonları ile egzersiz kapasitesi üzerindeki etkisi, günümüzde tanınan ve daha fazla araştırmayı gerektiren bir sağlık sorunlarıdır. Bu çalışma, sigara içmenin solunum fonksiyonları ve egzersiz kapasitesi üzerindeki etkisi ile sigara bağımlılığına katkıda bulunan faktörleri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya toplam 893 gönüllü katıldı (ortalama yaş: 27.24, aralık: 17-67), bunların %77'si üniversite eğitimine sahip olup, %58'i kadındı. Katılımcılar aktif sigara içenler, pasif sigara içenler ve sigara içmeyenler olarak kategorilere ayrıldı. Solunum fonksiyonları ve egzersiz kapasitesi değerlendirmesi için maksimum gönüllü nefes tutma süresi, 6 dakikalık yürüme test mesafesi ve 30 saniyelik otur kalk testi kullanıldı. Katılımcılar sigara alışkanlıklarıyla ilgili bilgiler sağlamış, bu bilgiler analiz edilmiş ve rapor edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Gruplar arasında maksimum gönüllü nefes tutma Süresi, 6 dakikalık yürüme test mesafesi ve 30 saniyelik otur kalk testi skorlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Bununla birlikte, tüm sigara içenlerin psikolojik olarak sigaraya bağımlı olduğu ve %88'inin fiziksel bağımlılık belirtileri gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sigara başlama süreci büyük ölçüde arkadaşlar tarafından etkilenmiştir (%64). Aktif sigara içenlerin %61'i sigarayla ilişkilendirilen olası sağlık sorunlarını kabul etmiş olsa da, %92'si sigarayı bırakmak için tıbbi tavsiye almamıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, sigara tüketiminin solunum fonksiyonları ve egzersiz kapasitesi üzerine kesin bir etki göstermemiştir. Ancak, sigara alışkanlıkları ile arkadaşlık gibi sosyal faktörler arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, çoğu sigara içicisinin psikolojik ve fiziksel olarak sigaraya bağımlı olduğu ortaya konularak, sigaranın zararlı sonuçlarını vurgulamak için daha fazla araştırma ve farkındalık kampanyalarına ihtiyaç olduğu belirtilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağımlılık, Fiziksel Aktivite, Sigara, Tütün.

Kaynakça

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