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Turizm Endüstrisinde Alternatif Bir Ödeme Aracı Olarak Kripto Para Birimleri: Bitcoin

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 96 - 113, 31.12.2017

Yaşar Gültekin

Öz

Kripto para birimleri, kendisiyle yapılan işlemlerin
güvenliğini sağlama ve para basma sürecini kontrol altına almada kriptolojinin
alt dalı olan kriptografiyi (şifreleme bilimi) kullanan para birimleridir.
Kripto para birimleri, genel anlamda alternatif para birimlerinin, daha dar
anlamda ise dijital para birimlerinin bir alt kümesi olarak sayılmaktadır.
Kripto para birimlerinin teorik temeli 1998 yılında Wei Dai tarafından ortaya
konulmuş, şu anda piyasada bulunan tüm kripto para birimlerinin alt yapısını
oluşturan teknik sistem ise 2008 yılında Satoshi Nakamoto olarak bilinen bir
kişi ya da bu ismi kullanan bir grup tarafından kurulmuştur. Bu para birimi, paranın
değişim aracı olma, hesap birimi olma, vadeli işlemlerde ödeme aracı olma ve
servet biriktirme aracı olma temel fonksiyonlarını yerine getirmektedir. Bu
çalışmada kripto para birimlerinin tarihçesi, temel işleyiş mekanizması,
güvenlik ve anonimlik boyutu, Bitcoin ve benzeri kripto para birimlerinin
günümüzde turizm endüstrisinde ne ölçüde kullanıldığı hakkında bilgiler
verilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kripto para birimleri kullanımının mevcut
avantajları ve dezavantajları Bitcoin üzerinden sıralanıp, geleceğe yönelik
turizm endüstrisi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

kripto para birimleri bitcoin ödeme aracı kriptoloji

Kaynakça

  • Angel, J. J., McCabe, D. (2015). “The Ethics of Payments: Paper, Plastic, or Bitcoin?” Journal of Business Ethics, 132(3), 603-611.
  • Antonopoulos, A. M. (2014). “Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking Digital Cryptocurrencies” O'Reilly Media, Inc.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008) “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”. http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ekeller/classes/fall2014_advsec/papers/bitcoin.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.(Erişim tarihi: 02.01.2016)
  • Baek, C., Elbeck, M. (2015). “Bitcoins as an Investment or Speculative Vehicle? A First Look”. Applied Economics Letters, 22(1), 30-34.
  • Barber, S., Boyen, X., Shi, E., & Uzun, E. (2012). “Bitter to Better—How to Make Bitcoin a Better Currency.” In Financial Cryptography and Data Security (pp. 399-414). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Brito, J., Castillo, A. (2013). “Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers” Mercatus Center at George Mason University
  • Chaum, D. L. (1981). Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms. Communications of the ACM, 24(2), 84-90.
  • Chaum, D. (1983). “Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments” In Advances in Cryptology (pp. 199-203). Springer US.
  • Churilov, A. (2015). Practical Aspects of Bitcoin Usage in Business. Available at SSRN 2685646.
  • Ciaian, P., Rajcaniova, M., Kancs, D. A. (2015). “The economics of Bitcoin Price Formation” Applied Economics, 1-17.
  • Dai, W.(1998) “B-Money - A Scheme for a Group of Untraceable Digital Pseudonyms to Pay Each Other With Money and to Enforce Contracts Amongst Themselves Without Outside Help”, http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi 01.02.2016)
  • Ekinci, N. (2012). “Para, Para Talebi ve Para Politikası, Makro İktisat Ders Notları” http://iibf.harran.edu.tr/iktisatbolumu/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/makro_iktisat_4.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi: 09.01.2016)
  • Figuet, J. M. (2015) “Le Bitcoin: Une Monnaie?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/JeanMarc_Figuet/publication/281811342_Le_bitcoin__une_monnaie_/links/55f9229d08aec948c48d53cb.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi:08.04.2016)
  • Gandal, N., Halaburda, H.,(2014) “Competition in the Cryptocurrency Market” . Bank of Canada working paper, 2014-33. http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/103022/1/791932281.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi: 05.04.2016)
  • Garcia, D., Tessone, C. J., Mavrodiev, P., & Perony, N. (2014). “The Digital Traces Of Bubbles: Feedback Cycles Between Socio-Economic Signals In The Bitcoin Economy.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 11(99).
  • Gibbs, T., Yordchim, S. (2014). “Thai Perception on Bitcoin Value” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 8(7), 2334-2336.
  • Glaser, F., Zimmermann, K., Haferkorn, M., Weber, M. C., & Siering, M. (2014). “Bitcoin-Asset or Currency? Revealing Users' Hidden Intentions. Revealing Users' Hidden Intentions”, ECIS.
  • Grinberg, R. (2012). “Bitcoin: An Innovative Alternative Digital Currency” Hastings Sci. & Tech. LJ, 4, 159.
  • Jevons, W. S. (1885). “Money and the Mechanism of Exchange (Vol. 17).” Kegan Paul, Trench.
  • Karlstrøm, H. (2014). “Do Libertarians Dream of Electric Coins? The Material Embeddedness of Bitcoin”. Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, 15(1), 23-36.
  • Kauth, D. E. (1973). “The Art of Computer Programming: Volume 3/Sorting and searching.”
  • Kondor, D., Pósfai, M., Csabai, I., & Vattay, G. (2014). “Do the Rich Get Richer? An Empirical Analysis of the Bitcoin Transaction Network”. PloS one, 9(2), e86197.
  • Koshy, P., Koshy, D., & McDaniel, P. (2014). “An Analysis of Anonymity in Bitcoin Using P2p Network Traffic” (pp. 469-485). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Kristoufek, L. (2015). “What Are the Main Drivers of The Bitcoin Price? Evidence from Wavelet Coherence Analysis.” PloS one, 10(4), e0123923
  • Marian, O. Y. (2013). “Are Cryptocurrencies 'Super' Tax Havens?” 112 Michigan Law Review First Impressions 38 (2013).
  • Maurer, B., Nelms, T. C., Swartz, L. (2013). “When Perhaps The Real Problem Is Money Itself”: The Practical Materiality of Bitcoin.” Social Semiotics, 23(2), 261-277.
  • Mishkin, F. S. (2007). “The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets.” Pearson education.
  • O'Dwyer, K. J., Malone, D. (2013). “Bitcoin Mining and Its Energy Footprint.” In Irish Signals & Systems Conference 2014 and 2014 China-Ireland International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies (ISSC 2014/CIICT 2014). 25th IET (pp. 280-285). IET.
  • Ober, M., Katzenbeisser, S., & Hamacher, K. (2013). “Structure and Anonymity of the Bitcoin Transaction Graph.” Future internet, 5(2), 237-250.
  • Pilkington, M., Crudu, R. (2016). “Tourism 2.0 and e-Governance in the Republic of Moldova - Can the Blockchain Help?” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2732350 adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi: 09.04.2016)
  • Reid, F., Harrigan, M. (2013). “An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System” (pp. 197-223). Springer New York.
  • Rivest, R.L., Shamir, A., Adleman, L. (1978). “A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems” Communications of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126.
  • Ron, D., Shamir, A. (2013). “Quantitative Analysis of the Full Bitcoin Transaction Graph” In Financial Cryptography and Data Security (pp. 6-24). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Segendorf, B. (2014). “What is Bitcoin?” Sveriges Riksbank Economic Review, 2, 71-87.
  • Tomaš, B., & Švogor, I. (2015), “The Bitcoin Phenomenon Analysis”. 28th Bled eConference, Slovenia.
  • Van Alstyne, M. (2014). “Why Bitcoin Has Value?” Communications of the ACM, 57(5), 30-32.
  • White, L.H. (2014). “The Market for Cryptocurrencies” GMU Working Paper in Economics No. 14-45.
  • Yahanpath, N., Wilton, Z. (2014). “Virtual money: Betting on Bitcoin.” University of Auckland Business Review, 17(1), 36.
  • Yermack, D. (2013). “Is Bitcoin a Real Currency? An Economic Appraisal” (No. w19747). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 96 - 113, 31.12.2017

Yaşar Gültekin

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Angel, J. J., McCabe, D. (2015). “The Ethics of Payments: Paper, Plastic, or Bitcoin?” Journal of Business Ethics, 132(3), 603-611.
  • Antonopoulos, A. M. (2014). “Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking Digital Cryptocurrencies” O'Reilly Media, Inc.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008) “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”. http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ekeller/classes/fall2014_advsec/papers/bitcoin.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.(Erişim tarihi: 02.01.2016)
  • Baek, C., Elbeck, M. (2015). “Bitcoins as an Investment or Speculative Vehicle? A First Look”. Applied Economics Letters, 22(1), 30-34.
  • Barber, S., Boyen, X., Shi, E., & Uzun, E. (2012). “Bitter to Better—How to Make Bitcoin a Better Currency.” In Financial Cryptography and Data Security (pp. 399-414). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Brito, J., Castillo, A. (2013). “Bitcoin: A Primer for Policymakers” Mercatus Center at George Mason University
  • Chaum, D. L. (1981). Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms. Communications of the ACM, 24(2), 84-90.
  • Chaum, D. (1983). “Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments” In Advances in Cryptology (pp. 199-203). Springer US.
  • Churilov, A. (2015). Practical Aspects of Bitcoin Usage in Business. Available at SSRN 2685646.
  • Ciaian, P., Rajcaniova, M., Kancs, D. A. (2015). “The economics of Bitcoin Price Formation” Applied Economics, 1-17.
  • Dai, W.(1998) “B-Money - A Scheme for a Group of Untraceable Digital Pseudonyms to Pay Each Other With Money and to Enforce Contracts Amongst Themselves Without Outside Help”, http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi 01.02.2016)
  • Ekinci, N. (2012). “Para, Para Talebi ve Para Politikası, Makro İktisat Ders Notları” http://iibf.harran.edu.tr/iktisatbolumu/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/makro_iktisat_4.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi: 09.01.2016)
  • Figuet, J. M. (2015) “Le Bitcoin: Une Monnaie?” https://www.researchgate.net/profile/JeanMarc_Figuet/publication/281811342_Le_bitcoin__une_monnaie_/links/55f9229d08aec948c48d53cb.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi:08.04.2016)
  • Gandal, N., Halaburda, H.,(2014) “Competition in the Cryptocurrency Market” . Bank of Canada working paper, 2014-33. http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/103022/1/791932281.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi: 05.04.2016)
  • Garcia, D., Tessone, C. J., Mavrodiev, P., & Perony, N. (2014). “The Digital Traces Of Bubbles: Feedback Cycles Between Socio-Economic Signals In The Bitcoin Economy.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 11(99).
  • Gibbs, T., Yordchim, S. (2014). “Thai Perception on Bitcoin Value” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 8(7), 2334-2336.
  • Glaser, F., Zimmermann, K., Haferkorn, M., Weber, M. C., & Siering, M. (2014). “Bitcoin-Asset or Currency? Revealing Users' Hidden Intentions. Revealing Users' Hidden Intentions”, ECIS.
  • Grinberg, R. (2012). “Bitcoin: An Innovative Alternative Digital Currency” Hastings Sci. & Tech. LJ, 4, 159.
  • Jevons, W. S. (1885). “Money and the Mechanism of Exchange (Vol. 17).” Kegan Paul, Trench.
  • Karlstrøm, H. (2014). “Do Libertarians Dream of Electric Coins? The Material Embeddedness of Bitcoin”. Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, 15(1), 23-36.
  • Kauth, D. E. (1973). “The Art of Computer Programming: Volume 3/Sorting and searching.”
  • Kondor, D., Pósfai, M., Csabai, I., & Vattay, G. (2014). “Do the Rich Get Richer? An Empirical Analysis of the Bitcoin Transaction Network”. PloS one, 9(2), e86197.
  • Koshy, P., Koshy, D., & McDaniel, P. (2014). “An Analysis of Anonymity in Bitcoin Using P2p Network Traffic” (pp. 469-485). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Kristoufek, L. (2015). “What Are the Main Drivers of The Bitcoin Price? Evidence from Wavelet Coherence Analysis.” PloS one, 10(4), e0123923
  • Marian, O. Y. (2013). “Are Cryptocurrencies 'Super' Tax Havens?” 112 Michigan Law Review First Impressions 38 (2013).
  • Maurer, B., Nelms, T. C., Swartz, L. (2013). “When Perhaps The Real Problem Is Money Itself”: The Practical Materiality of Bitcoin.” Social Semiotics, 23(2), 261-277.
  • Mishkin, F. S. (2007). “The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets.” Pearson education.
  • O'Dwyer, K. J., Malone, D. (2013). “Bitcoin Mining and Its Energy Footprint.” In Irish Signals & Systems Conference 2014 and 2014 China-Ireland International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies (ISSC 2014/CIICT 2014). 25th IET (pp. 280-285). IET.
  • Ober, M., Katzenbeisser, S., & Hamacher, K. (2013). “Structure and Anonymity of the Bitcoin Transaction Graph.” Future internet, 5(2), 237-250.
  • Pilkington, M., Crudu, R. (2016). “Tourism 2.0 and e-Governance in the Republic of Moldova - Can the Blockchain Help?” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2732350 adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi: 09.04.2016)
  • Reid, F., Harrigan, M. (2013). “An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System” (pp. 197-223). Springer New York.
  • Rivest, R.L., Shamir, A., Adleman, L. (1978). “A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems” Communications of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126.
  • Ron, D., Shamir, A. (2013). “Quantitative Analysis of the Full Bitcoin Transaction Graph” In Financial Cryptography and Data Security (pp. 6-24). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Segendorf, B. (2014). “What is Bitcoin?” Sveriges Riksbank Economic Review, 2, 71-87.
  • Tomaš, B., & Švogor, I. (2015), “The Bitcoin Phenomenon Analysis”. 28th Bled eConference, Slovenia.
  • Van Alstyne, M. (2014). “Why Bitcoin Has Value?” Communications of the ACM, 57(5), 30-32.
  • White, L.H. (2014). “The Market for Cryptocurrencies” GMU Working Paper in Economics No. 14-45.
  • Yahanpath, N., Wilton, Z. (2014). “Virtual money: Betting on Bitcoin.” University of Auckland Business Review, 17(1), 36.
  • Yermack, D. (2013). “Is Bitcoin a Real Currency? An Economic Appraisal” (No. w19747). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yaşar Gültekin 0000-0002-2705-5795

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2017
Kabul Tarihi 24 Kasım 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gültekin, Y. (2017). Turizm Endüstrisinde Alternatif Bir Ödeme Aracı Olarak Kripto Para Birimleri: Bitcoin. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 96-113.

Değerli Araştırmacılar,

Dergimize gönderilen çalışmalar geliş sırasına ve konusuna göre öncelikle editör değerlendirmesinden geçmekte, editör görüşü doğrultusunda hakem değerlendirmesine karar verilmektedir. Değerlendirme süreci tamamlanan çalışmalar da aynı şekilde değerlendirmenin tamamlanma tarihlerine, türlerine ve kapsamlarına göre yayıma kabul edilmektedir. Bu yüzden GTAD'a gönderilen çalışmaların herhangi bir sayıda yayıma kabul edileceğinin planlanarak önerilmemesi gerektiğini tekrar hatırlatmak isteriz. Detaylı bilgi için yayın politkası incelenebilir.