KURUMLAR VE EKONOMİK GELİŞME: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ İLE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Abstract

North’un kavramsallaştırması ile "oyunun kuralları" olarak tanımlanan kurumlar, bireylerin davranış kalıplarını belirleyen kısıtları koyan birer yapı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu kısıtlar resmi veya gayri resmi nitelikte olabilmektedir. İnsan davranışları üzerindeki etkisi her geçen gün daha fazla kabul gören kurumlar, iktisadi ve siyasi olarak sistemin işleyişini, sistemin kazanan ve kaybedenlerini de belirleme gücüne sahiptir. Kurumların işleyişi birçok araştırmacı tarafından farklı yönleri ile incelenerek kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Kurumların gelişmişlik düzeyi üzerindeki etkisini ele alan birçok kuram geliştirilmiştir. Bu kuramlar, makroekonomik politik ekonomi yaklaşımlarından mikroekonomik işlem maliyetleri yaklaşımına kadar uzanmaktadır. Literatürde kuramsal çerçevesi tartışılan kurumların ölçülmesi de kurumların tanım ve işlevleri konusunda uzlaşma sağlanamadığından kısıtlar içeren bir diğer konudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı panel veri analiziyle 127 ülkenin 2006-2010 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak hangi kurumsal yapının gelişme düzeyi üzerinde etkili olduğunu saptamaktır. Elde edilen bulgular ülke karakteristiklerinin ve gayrı resmi kurumların etkisine işaret etmektedir. 

Keywords

• Kurumlar,Yeni Kurumsal İktisat,İktisadi Gelişme

Institutions and Development: An Assessment with Panel Data

Abstract

Related to North, we can define institutions as "rules of games" which means they put constraints on individuals’ behaviour. These constraints can be formal as well as informal. Human behaviour being designed by institutions is a well accepted idea more and more each day. Therefore, it follows that institutions determine the winners and losers of society in terms of both economic and social features. This process with its different sides has been investigated by scientists. Several theories have been put forth to understand these relationships. Institutional theories change from macroeconomic approaches, which seek political economy, to microeconomic transaction cost approaches between institutions and development levels. The measurement of instiutions is another area of conflict because of conceptual and therotical debates. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between development and institutions using panel data from 127 countries for the years 2005-2010. The results indicate that country specific qualifications and informal institutions have crucial roles on development.

Keywords

• Institutions,New Institutional Economics,Economic Development,Panel Data Analysis

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