Ortadoğu’da Gıda Güvensizliği, Karadeniz Tahıl Koridoru Girişimi ve Türkiye

Year 2024, , 63 - 82, 26.04.2024

Elif Çolakoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1423303

Abstract

Bugün Ortadoğu ülkelerinin neredeyse tamamı beslenme sorunuyla karşı karşıya olup petrol gelirlerinin önemli bir kısmını gıdaya ayırmaktadır. Hali hazırda değişen ve zorlaşan iklim koşullarının ve su baskısının yanı sıra bölgede süregelen çatışma ve savaş ortamının, yoksulluğun, satın alma gücünün yetersizliğinin ve salgın hastalıkların bunda etken olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak son yıllarda Rusya’nın Ukrayna ile yaşadığı sorunların tırmanması, bu kırılgan bölgedeki açlık seviyesini daha da şiddetlendirmiş ve kendi kendine yetebilen ülkeleri bile zor durumda bırakmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin ev sahipliğinde diplomatik girişimlerle yaşama geçirilen ve Ukrayna tahılının güvenli bir şekilde uluslararası pazarlarına aktarılmasını sağlayan Karadeniz Tahıl Koridoru Girişimi ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma, Ortadoğu ülkelerindeki gıda güvensizliğinin kökenlerini ve etkilerini kapsamlı bir biçimde tartışarak başlamaktadır. Bunu takiben, bu Girişim’in bölge siyasetindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Mevcut sorunun çözümü için neden-sonuç etkileşimlerinin anlaşılmasını esas alan bütünleşik bir yaklaşım uygulanmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler ise, tarama tekniğiyle toplanmıştır.

Keywords

Gıda Güvenliği, Ortadoğu, Karadeniz Tahıl Koridoru Girişimi

Food Insecurity in the Middle East, the Black Sea Grain Initiative, and Türkiye

Abstract

Almost all Middle Eastern nations now struggle with malnutrition and allocate a significant portion of their oil earnings to food. In addition to already challenging and changing climate and water pressure, ongoing conflict and the war atmosphere, poverty, a lack of purchasing power, and pandemic diseases in the region all seem to play a role. However, the deepening of Russia’s conflicts with Ukraine in recent years has made matters worse for the hungry in this fragile region and placed even self-sufficient nations in a precarious position. This paper addresses the Black Sea Grain Corridor Initiative, which was implemented through diplomatic measures hosted by Türkiye and guaranteed the secure transportation of Ukrainian grain to international markets. The study begins with a thorough discussion of the origins and effects of food insecurity in Middle Eastern countries. The second part examines the impact of this initiative on regional politics. To address the current issue, an integrated approach built on comprehension of cause-and-effect interactions has been implemented. The findings were gathered using a data collection technique.

Keywords

Food security, Middle East, Black Sea Grain Initiative

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