Devlet Otoritesi Boşluğu Durumlarında Milis İdaresi: Yönetilemeyen Alanlarda Meşruiyet Rekabeti Modelleri

Year 2017, , 45 - 83, 30.10.2017

H.akın Ünver

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.356942

Abstract

Bu makale, Irak-Şam İslam Devleti (IŞİD/DAEŞ), Halkçı Koruma Birlikleri (YPG), Luhanks Halk Cumhuriyeti ve Donbas Halk Cumhuriyeti örgütlerine odaklanarak, devlet zafiyeti alanlarında milis idaresi konusunu irdelemektedir. Bu örgütlerin uzun vadeli yerel sorunları ne şekilde seferber ettikleri ve çerçevelendirdikleri, ve bu sorunlar üzerinden devlet otoritesine nasıl meydan okudukları da metodik bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır. Bunu yaparken makale, bu örgütlerin çatışma bölgelerine yayılmaları öncesinde ve sonrasında uyguladıkları idari pratikler, yönetim modelleri ve neden belli bölgeleri önceliklendirdiklerini de açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Neticesinde bu makale, silahlı devlet-dışı örgütlerin kendilerine bağlılığın düşük olduğu ve kaynak üretiminin yüksek olduğu alanlarda ve örgütün hükümranlık kurmaya çalıştığı alan geniş bir coğrafya ise idare ve yönetişimde daha başarılı olmaya çalıştığını öne sürmektedir. Bu değişkenler üzerinden, bu dört örgütün alan hâkimiyetinin ne kadar sürdürülebilir olacağını, bu örgütler askerî yollarla yenilgiye uğratılır veya anlaşma yoluyla silahsızlandırılırsa arta kalan bölgelerin geri kazanımı konusuna nasıl yaklaşılabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

İç Savaş, Devlet-Dışı Aktörler, Yönetim, Suriye-Irak, Ukrayna

Militancy Governance under State Failure: Models of Legitimacy Contestation in Ungoverned Spaces

Abstract

This article makes an empirical exposition of militancy governance under state failure by focusing on ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria), YPG (People’s Protection Units), Luhansk People’s Republic and Donetsk People’s Republic. Specifically, the article discusses how these groups mobilize different types of grievances and frame their propaganda to exert control over areas where states are weakened. Furthermore, how these groups engage in early modes of pre- and post-territorial control, form governance practices and prioritize particular areas for better administration are also elaborated in detail. Ultimately, the paper argues that Violent Non-State Actors (VNSAs) perform better in areas of low loyalty and high resource-generation and if its territorial ambitions are maximalist (expansionist). Through these variables, we are better able to judge how sustainable these groups will be in their respective territories and how should states approach local governance once these groups are defeated.

Keywords

Civil War, Non-State Actors, Governance, Syria-Iraq, Ukraine

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