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Ekonomi ve Siyaset Bağlamında İngiltere-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri: Tarihsel Bir Analiz

Year 2016, Volume: 12 Issue: 23, 71 - 102, 05.04.2016

Didem Saygın , Mehlika Özlem Ultan

Abstract

Avrupa’nın hem ekonomik hem
de siyasi açıdan güçlü ülkelerinden biri olan İngiltere, 1970’li yıllarda
Avrupa Birliği’nin bir üyesi hâline gelmiştir. İngiltere’nin üyeliği çok kolay
bir süreçten geçmemiş, politik birtakım nedenlerle üç başvuru sonrasında
gerçekleşmiştir. Katılım sonrası süreçte de İngiltere’nin Birlik ile ilgili
sorunları devam etmiş, özellikle son dönemde Avrupa şüpheciliği İngiltere’de
yayılmıştır. İngiltere Başbakanı David Cameron konuyla ilgili olarak Avrupa
Birliği’nden ayrılık konusunu gündeme getirmiş, 2015’te yapılacak genel seçimleri tekrardan Muhafazakâr Parti’nin
alması hâlinde Avrupa Birliği üyeliğini referanduma taşıyacağını belirtmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, son dönemde İngiltere’de yükselen Avrupa şüpheciliği tutumu,
ekonomi politikaları, geçmiş hükûmetlerin Birliğe karşı bu yöndeki politikaları
ve tarihsel perspektiften mevcut hükûmetlerin tutumu dikkate alınarak
değerlendirilecektir. Böylece İngiltere’nin son dönemdeki Avrupa Birliği
karşıtlığı söylemlerinin nedenleri anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Keywords

İngiltere-AB İlişkisi Avrupa Şüpheciliği David Cameron Tony Blair

References

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  • O’DONNELL, Clara Marina and Richard G. Whitman. “European Policy under Gordon Brown: Perspectives on a Future Prime Minister”, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol: 83, No: 2, 2007, 253-272.
  • OPPERMANN, Kai. “The Politics of Avoiding Referendums on the Treaty of Lisbon”, Journal of European Integration, Vol: 35, No: 1, 2013, 73-89.
  • PENDLEBURY, John. “Conservation, Conservatives and Consensus: The Success of Conservation under the Thatcher and Major Governments, 1979–1997”, Planning Theory & Practice, Vol: 1, No: 1, 2000, 31-52.
  • RICHARDSON, Jeremy. “Government, Interest Groups and Policy Change”, Political Studies, Vol: 48, 2000, 1006–1025.
  • SCHWEIGER, Christian. “British-German Relations in the European Union After the War on Iraq”, German Politics, Vol: 13, No: 1, 2004, 35-55.
  • SEFER, Özlem. “Birleşik Krallık-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Marmara Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Sayı: 6, 2014, 47-61.
  • SMITH, Julie. “A Missed Opportunity? New Labour’s European Policy 1997-2005”, International Affairs, Vol: 81, No: 4, 2005, 703–721.
  • STATLER, Jocelyn. “British Foreign Policy to 1985. VIII: The European Monetary System: From Conception to Birth”, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol: 55, No: 2, 1979, 206-225.
  • TAGGART, Paul. “A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems”, European Journal of Political Research, Vol: 33, 1998, 363-388.
  • TAGGART, Paul and Aleks Szczerbiak. “The Party Politics of Euroscepticism in EU Member and Candidate States”, ‘Opposing Europe Research Network’ Working Paper, No: 6, 2002, 1-45.
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Year 2016, Volume: 12 Issue: 23, 71 - 102, 05.04.2016

Didem Saygın , Mehlika Özlem Ultan

Abstract

References

  • BALL, Stuart and Anthony Seldon. Recovering Power: The Conservatives in Opposition Since 1867, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2005.
  • BEGG, Iain. “Margaret Thatcher Maintained a Difficult Relationship with Europe, but she was from a Figurehead for Euroscepticism”, The Legacy of Margaret Thatcher, LSE Public Policy Group, London, 2013.
  • DINAN, Desmond. Avrupa Birliği Ansiklopedisi, çev. Hale Akay, Kitap Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2005.
  • DINAN, Desmond. Avrupa Birliği Tarihi, çev. Hale Akay, Kitap Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2008.
  • DINAN, Desmond. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration, Lynne Rienner Publishers, USA, 1999.
  • GOWLAND, David and Arthur Turner. Reluctant Europeans: Britain and European Integration 1945-1998, Longman, London, 2000.
  • HANLON, James. European Community Law, Sweet&Maxwell, London, 2003.
  • KASIM, Kamer. “Soğuk Savaş Sonrası İngiltere-ABD İlişkileri”, Bir Başka Açıdan İngiltere, Der. Sedat Laçiner, Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara, 2001.
  • LEE, Simon. Best of Britain?: The Politics and Legacy of Gordon Brown, Oneworld Publications, United Kingdom, 2008.
  • PETERSON, John. “The European Community”, Implementing Thatcherite Policies, Eds. David Marsh and R.A.W. Rhodes, Open University Press, Buckingham, 1992
  • ROBERTS, J. M. Avrupa Tarihi, çev. Fethi Aytuna, İnkılap Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2010.
  • SOUTOU, Georges-Henri. Avrupa Birliği Tarihi: 1815’ten Günümüze, çev. Eylem Alp, Bilge Kültür Sanat, İstanbul, 2014.
  • ÜLGER, İrfan Kaya. Avrupa Birliği Rehberi 2011, Türk Demokrasi Vakfı, Ankara, 2010.
  • ÜLGER, İrfan Kaya. Avrupa Birliği Ansiklopedisi, AB-Türkiye İşbirliği Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, 2003. Makaleler “British Foreign Policy since 1997”, House of Commons Library, Research Paper 08/56, 23 June 2008, http://www.parliament.uk/documents/ commons/lib/research/rp2008/rp08-056.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 01.02.2015).
  • “Review of the Balance of Competences between the United Kingdom and the European Union”, The Stationery Office Limited, London, CM8415, July 2012, 1-24.
  • BULMER, Simon and Martin Burch. “The Europeanization of UK Government from Quiet Revolution to Explicit Step-Change?”, Public Administration, Vol: 83, No: 4, 861-890.
  • DADDOW, Oliver and Pauline Schnapper. “Liberal Intervention in the Foreign Policy Thinking of Tony Blair and David Cameron”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Vol: 26, No: 2, 2013, 330-349.
  • DADDOW, Oliver. “Margaret Thatcher, Tony Blair and the Eurosceptic Tradition in Britain”, The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, Vol: 15, 2013, 210-227.
  • DOVER, Robert. Europeanization of British Defence Policy, Ashgate Book, Hampshire, 2007.
  • GIFFORD, Chris. “The UK and the European Union: Dimensions of Sovereignty and the Problem of Eurosceptic Britishness”, Parliamentary Affairs, Vol: 63, No: 2, 2010, 321-338.
  • HAMPSHIRE, Edward. “Margaret Thatcher’s First U-Turn: Francis Pym and the Control of Defence Spending, 1979-81”, Contemporary British History, Vol: 29, No: 3, 2015, 359-379.
  • HEADMASTER, Anthony Seldon and Pranay Sanklecha. “United Kingdom: A Comparative Case Study of Conservative Prime Ministers Heath, Thatcher and Major”, The Journal of Legislative Studies, Vol: 10, No: 2-3, 2004, 53-65.
  • HEATH, Edward. “European Unity over the Next Ten Years: From Community to Union”, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol: 64, No: 2, 1988, 199-207.
  • HILLS, John and Jane Waldfogel. “A ‘Third Way’ in Welfare Reform? Evidence from the United Kingdom”, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol: 23, No: 4, 2004, 765-788.
  • HOOD, Frederick. “Atlantic Dreams and European Realities: British Foreign Policy After Iraq”, Journal of European Integration, Vol: 30, No: 1, 2008, 183-197.
  • HOOGHE, Liesbet and Gary Marks. “Sources of Euroscepticism”, Acta Politica, No: 42, 2007, 119-127.
  • HOWORTH, Jolyon. “Britain, France and the European Defence Initiative”, Survival, Vol: 42, No: 2, 2000, 33-55.
  • HUGHES, Kirsty and Edward Smith. “New Labour-New Europe?”, International Affairs, Vol: 74, No: 1, 1998, 93-103.
  • KAHRAMAN, Sevilay. “Avrupa Birliği ve Irak Krizi: Bölünmeden Yeniden Birleşmeye Uzun, İnce Bir Yol”, Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 4, 2003, 151-161.
  • KALIN, İbrahim. “Tony Blair ve Üçüncü Yol’un Sonu”, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı Yayınları, 2007, http://arsiv.setav.org/ public/HaberDetay.aspx?Dil=tr&hid=12475&q=tony-blair-ve-ucuncuyol-un-sonu, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.02.2015).
  • KÜÇÜKKELEŞ, Müjge. “AB’nin Ortadoğu Politikası ve Arap Baharına Bakışı”, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı Yayınları, Sayı: 63, 2013, http://file.setav.org/Files/Pdf/2013011817 2742_seta_analiz_ab_arap_bahari.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2015).
  • MARSH, Steve. “September 11 and Anglo-American Relations: Reaffirming the Special Relationship”, Journal of Transatlantic Studies, No: 1, 2003, 56-75.
  • MARSHALL, Peter. “Forty Years on: Britain in the EU”, The Round Table, Vol: 102, No: 1, 2013, 15-28.
  • MATEESCU, Ioan Drago. “International Policies of Great Britain 1979-2007 (The Relationship with the United States and Europe, the Antiterrorist War)”, Political Science International Relations, Vol: 10, No: 1, 2013, 11–21
  • MITCHELL, Kristine. “From Whitehall to Brussels: Thatcher, Delors and the Europeanization of the TUC”, Labor History, Vol: 53, No: 1, 2012, 25-50.
  • O’DONNELL, Clara Marina and Richard G. Whitman. “European Policy under Gordon Brown: Perspectives on a Future Prime Minister”, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol: 83, No: 2, 2007, 253-272.
  • OPPERMANN, Kai. “The Politics of Avoiding Referendums on the Treaty of Lisbon”, Journal of European Integration, Vol: 35, No: 1, 2013, 73-89.
  • PENDLEBURY, John. “Conservation, Conservatives and Consensus: The Success of Conservation under the Thatcher and Major Governments, 1979–1997”, Planning Theory & Practice, Vol: 1, No: 1, 2000, 31-52.
  • RICHARDSON, Jeremy. “Government, Interest Groups and Policy Change”, Political Studies, Vol: 48, 2000, 1006–1025.
  • SCHWEIGER, Christian. “British-German Relations in the European Union After the War on Iraq”, German Politics, Vol: 13, No: 1, 2004, 35-55.
  • SEFER, Özlem. “Birleşik Krallık-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Marmara Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Sayı: 6, 2014, 47-61.
  • SMITH, Julie. “A Missed Opportunity? New Labour’s European Policy 1997-2005”, International Affairs, Vol: 81, No: 4, 2005, 703–721.
  • STATLER, Jocelyn. “British Foreign Policy to 1985. VIII: The European Monetary System: From Conception to Birth”, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol: 55, No: 2, 1979, 206-225.
  • TAGGART, Paul. “A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems”, European Journal of Political Research, Vol: 33, 1998, 363-388.
  • TAGGART, Paul and Aleks Szczerbiak. “The Party Politics of Euroscepticism in EU Member and Candidate States”, ‘Opposing Europe Research Network’ Working Paper, No: 6, 2002, 1-45.
  • WALLACE, William, “The Collapse of British Foreign Policy”, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol: 81, No: 1, 2005, 53-68.
  • “Crisis for Europe as trust hits record low”, http://www.theguardian.com/ world/2013/apr/24/trust-eu-falls-record-low, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2016).
  • “Report on Economic and Monetary Union in the European Community” http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/publication6161_en.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 01.02.2016).
  • BBC News, 8 April 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics- 11598879 (Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2014).
  • BBC News, http://www.bbc.com/news/election/2015/results, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.05.2015).
  • BEHR, Rafael. “Cameron is running out of time to show that he is serious about keeping Britain in the EU“, Newstatesman, 04 June 2014, http://www.newstatesman.com/writers/rafael_behr, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.02.2015).
  • Euractiv Haber, http://www.euractiv.com.tr/abnin-gelecegi/article/ ingilterede-cameronsurpriz-yapti-ab-referandumu-ufukta-gorundu- 031515, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.05.2015).
  • Euronews, http://tr.euronews.com/2014/11/28/ingiltere-basbakani-cameron -goc-yasasi-katilastirilmali/, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2015).
  • Fontainebleau Report (25-26 June 1984), http://aei.pitt.edu/1448/1/ Fountainebleau__june_1994.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2014).
  • GRICE, Andrew. “It is time for the British people to have their say’: David Cameron promises EU exit vote by 2017”, (23.01.2013), The Independent, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/it-is-time -for-the-british-people-to-have-their-say-david-cameron-promises-eu-exit -vote-by-2017-8462253.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.02.2015). Margaret Thatcher Foundation, http://www.margaretthatcher.org/ document/107332. (Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2014).
  • ÖRMECİ, Ozan. “David Cameron’ın Tehlikeli Oyunu”, Uluslararası Politika Akademisi, 2013, http://politikaakademisi.org/david-cameronintehlikeli-oyunu/, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2015).
  • Speech by David Miliband to the Fabian Society’s New Year Conference 2008, http://labourlist.org/2015/01/ed-milibands-fabianconference-speech-full-text/, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.02.2015).
  • TÜYSÜZOĞLU, Göktürk. “İngiltere AB’den Kopuyor Mu?”, Uluslararası Politika Akademisi, 2013, http://politikaakademisi.org/ ingiltere-abden-kopuyor-mu/, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2015).
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Didem Saygın

Mehlika Özlem Ultan

Publication Date April 5, 2016
Submission Date April 5, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 12 Issue: 23

Cite

Chicago Saygın, Didem, and Mehlika Özlem Ultan. “Ekonomi Ve Siyaset Bağlamında İngiltere-Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri: Tarihsel Bir Analiz”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 12, no. 23 (April 2016): 71-102.
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