İnsan Güvenliği Yaklaşımı Nedir ve Uluslararası Güvenlik Ajandasına Nasıl Bir Katkı Sağlamıştır: Kanada ve Japonya Örnekleri (İngilizce Makale)

Year 2016, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 1 - 28, 29.12.2016

Umut Can Adısönmez

Abstract

Uluslararası konjonktürde hâkim görüş olan devlet
merkezli ve sert güç odaklı güvenlik nosyonu Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler
Birliği’nin (SSCB) yıkılmasının ardından yeniden tanımlanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu
çalışmada, geleneksel güvenlik algısına meydan okuyan “insan güvenliği” nosyonu
uluslararası güvenlik gündemini genişletmesi ve güvenlik aktörlerini
çeşitlendirmesi açılarından incelenecektir. Bu çerçevede, bireylerin ve sivil
toplum kuruluşlarının güvenlik ihtiyaçlarını ön plana çıkaran normatif insan güvenliği algısı, Kanada ve
Japonya hükümetlerinin güvenlik
alanında gerçekleştirdikleri normatif girişimler açısından
değerlendirilecektir. Bu makale, Kanada ve Japonya hükümetlerinin Birleşmiş
Milletler (BM) ve Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi (UCM) gibi devletler üstü
kurumlar çatısı altında insan güvenliğinin ve normatif girişimlerin
kurumsallaşmasındaki katkısına vurgu yapmaktadır. Böylece bu çalışma, Kanada ve
Japonya politika üreticilerinin argümanlarını metin ve söylem analizlerini
uygulayarak incelemeyi, değişen güvenlik konseptinin altını çizmeyi ve
Türkiye’deki güvenlik çalışmaları literatürüne katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

İnsan Güvenliği, Geleneksel Olmayan Güvenlik Tehditleri, Normatif Teori, Kanada, Japonya

What is the Human Security Approach and How the Phenomenon Contributed to the International Security Agenda: Canadian and Japanese Paradigms

Abstract

The
state-centered and hard-power-oriented security notion, which was dominant
perspective in the international conjuncture, has been re-defined after the collapse of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). In this work, “human security” notion as a
primary challenge to the traditional security conception will be examined with
the respect of widening international security agenda and expanding actors of
security. Within this framework, a normative understanding of human security,
which reflects the security requests of individuals and non-governmental
organizations (NGO) in security implementations, will be investigated by
analyzing the Canadian and Japanese governments’ normative initiatives in the
security field. This article stresses the Canadian and Japanese governments’
contributions to supra-national organizations such as the United Nation (UN)
and International Criminal Court (ICC) in respect of institutionalizing the
normative actions towards human security approach. Thus, it aims to highlight
the shifting security conception and contribute to the security studies
literature in Turkey through applying text and discourse analysis on Canadian
and Japanese policymakers’ arguments.

Keywords

Human Security, Non-traditional Security Threats, Normative Theory, Canada, Japan

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