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İnsan Güvenliği Yaklaşımı Nedir ve Uluslararası Güvenlik Ajandasına Nasıl Bir Katkı Sağlamıştır: Kanada ve Japonya Örnekleri (İngilizce Makale)

Year 2016, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 1 - 28, 29.12.2016

Abstract

Uluslararası konjonktürde hâkim görüş olan devlet
merkezli ve sert güç odaklı güvenlik nosyonu Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler
Birliği’nin (SSCB) yıkılmasının ardından yeniden tanımlanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu
çalışmada, geleneksel güvenlik algısına meydan okuyan “insan güvenliği” nosyonu
uluslararası güvenlik gündemini genişletmesi ve güvenlik aktörlerini
çeşitlendirmesi açılarından incelenecektir. Bu çerçevede, bireylerin ve sivil
toplum kuruluşlarının güvenlik ihtiyaçlarını ön plana
çıkaran normatif insan güvenliği algısı, Kanada ve
Japonya
hükümetlerinin güvenlik
alanında gerçekleştirdikleri normatif girişimler açısından
değerlendirilecektir. Bu makale, Kanada ve Japonya hükümetlerinin Birleşmiş
Milletler (BM) ve Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi (UCM) gibi devletler üstü
kurumlar çatısı altında insan güvenliğinin ve normatif girişimlerin
kurumsallaşmasındaki katkısına vurgu yapmaktadır. Böylece bu çalışma, Kanada ve
Japonya politika üreticilerinin argümanlarını metin ve söylem analizlerini
uygulayarak incelemeyi, değişen güvenlik konseptinin altını çizmeyi ve
Türkiye’deki güvenlik çalışmaları literatürüne katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • COCHRAN, Moffett, Normative Theory in International Relations a Pragmatic Approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, p. 15.
  • EDSTRÖM, Bert, Japan and the Challenge of Human Security: the Founding of a New Policy 1995-2003, Institute for Security and Development Policy Publishing, Stockholm, 2009, pp. 77- 239.
  • FRANTZEN, Henning, NATO and Peace Support operations, 1991-1999: Policies and Doctrines, Frank Cass Publishing, London, 2005, pp. 142-143.
  • HUGHES, Christopher, Japan’s Security Agenda: Military, Economic, and Environmental Dimensions, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Colorado, 2004, p. 200.
  • JOLLY, Richard and Deepayan, Ray, National Human Development Reports and the Human Security Framework: A Review of Analysis and Experience, Institute of Development Studies Publishing, Brighton, 2006, pp. 13-14.
  • LECHNER, Frank and Boli, John, The Globalization Reader, Wiley Blackwell Publishing, West Sussex, 2015, p. 229.
  • MABEE, Bryan, The Globalization of Security: State Power, Security Provision and Legitimacy, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing, Basingstoke, 2009, p. 3.
  • MACFARLANE, Neil and Khong, Yuen, Human Security and the UN: A Critical History, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis, 2006, p. 229.
  • MCINTOSH, Malcolm and Hunter, Alan New Perspectives on Human Security, Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield, 2010, pp. 4-127.
  • MCLUHAN, Marshall and Fiore, Quentin, War and Peace in the Global Village, McGraw-Hill Publishing, New York, 1968, pp. 50-87.
  • SCHABAS, William, An Introduction to the International Criminal Court Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011, pp. 18–19.
  • SCHIFF, Benjamin, Building the International Criminal Court, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008, p. 105.
  • SCHOLTE, Jan, Globalization: a Critical Introduction, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing, New York, 2005, pp. 82-84.
  • CHANDLER, David and Hynek, Nik, “Rethinking Global Discourses of Security” David Chandler and Nik Hynek, (ed.), Critical Perspectives on Human security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations, Routledge Publishing, London, 2011, pp. 114-123.
  • DUNNE, Tim and Wheeler, Nicholas, “We the Peoples: Contending Discourses of Security in Human Rights Theory and Practice”, David Chandler and Nik Hynek, (ed.), Critical Perspectives on Human Security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations. Routledge Publishing, London, 2011, p. 24.
  • MCCORMACK, Tara, “The Limits to Emancipation in the Human Security Framework”, David Chandler and Nik Hynek, (ed.), Critical Perspectives on Human Security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations, Routledge Publishing, London, 2011, p. 101.
  • AXWORTHY, Lloyd “Canada and Human Security: The Need for Leadership”, International Journal, Volume: 52, Number: 2, pp. 183-196.
  • BAKAN, Ayşe, “Normative Theory in IR: Frost’s Constitutive Approach”, Ankara University Social Science Journal, Volume: 63, Number: 1, p. 7.
  • BARKAWI, Tarak and Laffey, Mark, “The Postcolonial Moment in Security Studies”, Review of International Studies, Volume: 32, Number: 2, p. 329.
  • BELLAMY, Alex and McDonald, Matt, “‘The Utility of Human Security’: Which Humans? What Security? A Reply to Thomas and Tow”, Security Dialogue, Volume: 33, Number: 3, p. 373.
  • CANADIAN Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, “Human Security: Safety for People in a Changing World”, 1999, p. 5.
  • CASSEL, Douglass, “The Rome Treaty for an International Criminal Court: A Flawed but Essential First Step”, Brown Journal of World Affairs, Volume: 41, Number: 4, p. 5.
  • EWAN, Pauline, “Deepening the Human Security Debate: Beyond the Politics of Conceptual Clarification”, Politics: Volume: 25, Number: 3, pp. 182-189.
  • PARIS, Roland, “Human Security: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air?”, International Security, Volume: 26, Number: 2, pp. 87-102.
  • KING, Gray and Murray, Christopher, “Rethinking Human Security”, Political Science Quarterly, Volume: 116, Number: 4, p. 585.
  • SUHRKE, Astri “Human Security ad Interest of the State” Security Dialogue, Volume: 30, Number, 3, pp. 265-276.
  • THOMAS, Nicholas and Tow, William, “The Utility of Human Security”, Security Dialogue, Volume: 33, Number: 2, p. 177.
  • BEARDSWORTH, Richard, “Assessing Cosmopolitan Theory in World Politics”, E-IR, 2012, p.1, http://www.e-ir.info/2012/05/27/ assessing-cosmopolitan-theory-in-world-politics. (Accessed: 05. 01. 2016).
  • BOSOLD, David, “The Politics of Self‐righteousness: Canada’s Foreign Policy and the Human Security Agenda”, EISA, http://www.eisa-net.org/bebruga/eisa/files/events/turin/bosold-bosold_ sgir.pdf, (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Canada and the International Criminal Court”, http://www.international.gc.ca/court-cour/index.aspx?lang=eng (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Canadian Policy Positions”, 2012, http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/prmnymponu/ canada_uncanada_onu/positions-orientations/un_reform-reforme_ onu.aspx?lang=eng (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Canada World View Report”, http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/aecic-faitc/e12-15-1999-4-1eng.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “A New Concept: Security for People”, http://www.hegoa.ehu.es/dossierra/seguridad/ freedom_from_fear_canada_s_foreign_policy_for_human_security.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament”, http://www.canadainternational.gc. ca/prmny-mponu/canada_uncanada_onu/positions-orientations/peace-paix/disarmament-desarmement.aspx?lang=eng (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Landmine Foundation, “The Canadian Landmine Foundation: A History”, http://canadianlandmine.org/the-foundation/ history (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Parliament Official Webpage, “The International Criminal Court: History and Role”, http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/ researchpublications/prb0211-e.htm#fn53 (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Peace-building Coordinating Committee, “Canada and the Pursuit of Peace”, http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/HOC/Committee/ 381/FAAE/Evidence/EV2124690/FAAE73/Eng/Canadian%20Peacebuilding%20Coordinating%20Committee.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Commission of Human Security Official Webpage, “Security centered on people-not states”, http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/ www.un.org.humansecurity/files/chs_final_report_-_english.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Handicap International, “Ottawa Treaty: Landmines are not a Problem of the Past”, http://handicap-international.ca/en/ottawa-treaty-land mines-are-not-a-problem-of-the-past (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Japan Platform Official Webpage, “About”, http://www.japanplatform. org/e/work/index.html (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Japanese Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Chronology of activities related to Human Security by the Japanese Government”, http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human_secu/chronology.html (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Japanese Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “The Trust Fund for Human Security”, http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human_secu/t_ fund21.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Japanese Government Official Webpage, “The Constitution of Japan”, http://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • International Committee of the Red Cross, “Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict to the Convention on the Rights of the Child”, https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/ misc/57jqqe.htm (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Permanent Mission of Canada to the United States, “Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament”, http://www.canadainternational. gc.ca/prmny-mponu/canada_un-canada_onu/positions-orientations/ peace -paix/disarmament-desarmement.aspx?lang=eng (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • The Canadian Peace-building Network, “Canada & UN Peacekeeping”, http://www.peacebuild.ca/documents/CanadaUNPKOE.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • The Commission on Global Governance Official Webpage, “Our Global Neighbourhood”, http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/global-neighbour hood/ (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • The Humanitarian Practice Network, “Canada’s Human Security Agenda”, http://odihpn.org/magazine/canada%C2%92s-human-security -agenda/ (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • The UN Refugee Agency Official Webpage, “Donors”, http://www.unhcr.org/pages/4a2d01fa6.html (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • United Nations Development Programme Report, Oxford University Press, New York, 1994, p. 3.

What is the Human Security Approach and How the Phenomenon Contributed to the International Security Agenda: Canadian and Japanese Paradigms

Year 2016, Volume: 12 Issue: 24, 1 - 28, 29.12.2016

Abstract

The
state-centered and hard-power-oriented security notion, which was dominant
perspective in the international conjuncture, has been re-defined after the collapse of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). In this work, “human security” notion as a
primary challenge to the traditional security conception will be examined with
the respect of widening international security agenda and expanding actors of
security. Within this framework, a normative understanding of human security,
which reflects the security requests of individuals and non-governmental
organizations (NGO) in security implementations, will be investigated by
analyzing the Canadian and Japanese governments’ normative initiatives in the
security field. This article stresses the Canadian and Japanese governments’
contributions to supra-national organizations such as the United Nation (UN)
and International Criminal Court (ICC) in respect of institutionalizing the
normative actions towards human security approach. Thus, it aims to highlight
the shifting security conception and contribute to the security studies
literature in Turkey through applying text and discourse analysis on Canadian
and Japanese policymakers’ arguments.

References

  • COCHRAN, Moffett, Normative Theory in International Relations a Pragmatic Approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999, p. 15.
  • EDSTRÖM, Bert, Japan and the Challenge of Human Security: the Founding of a New Policy 1995-2003, Institute for Security and Development Policy Publishing, Stockholm, 2009, pp. 77- 239.
  • FRANTZEN, Henning, NATO and Peace Support operations, 1991-1999: Policies and Doctrines, Frank Cass Publishing, London, 2005, pp. 142-143.
  • HUGHES, Christopher, Japan’s Security Agenda: Military, Economic, and Environmental Dimensions, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Colorado, 2004, p. 200.
  • JOLLY, Richard and Deepayan, Ray, National Human Development Reports and the Human Security Framework: A Review of Analysis and Experience, Institute of Development Studies Publishing, Brighton, 2006, pp. 13-14.
  • LECHNER, Frank and Boli, John, The Globalization Reader, Wiley Blackwell Publishing, West Sussex, 2015, p. 229.
  • MABEE, Bryan, The Globalization of Security: State Power, Security Provision and Legitimacy, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing, Basingstoke, 2009, p. 3.
  • MACFARLANE, Neil and Khong, Yuen, Human Security and the UN: A Critical History, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis, 2006, p. 229.
  • MCINTOSH, Malcolm and Hunter, Alan New Perspectives on Human Security, Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield, 2010, pp. 4-127.
  • MCLUHAN, Marshall and Fiore, Quentin, War and Peace in the Global Village, McGraw-Hill Publishing, New York, 1968, pp. 50-87.
  • SCHABAS, William, An Introduction to the International Criminal Court Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011, pp. 18–19.
  • SCHIFF, Benjamin, Building the International Criminal Court, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008, p. 105.
  • SCHOLTE, Jan, Globalization: a Critical Introduction, Palgrave Macmillan Publishing, New York, 2005, pp. 82-84.
  • CHANDLER, David and Hynek, Nik, “Rethinking Global Discourses of Security” David Chandler and Nik Hynek, (ed.), Critical Perspectives on Human security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations, Routledge Publishing, London, 2011, pp. 114-123.
  • DUNNE, Tim and Wheeler, Nicholas, “We the Peoples: Contending Discourses of Security in Human Rights Theory and Practice”, David Chandler and Nik Hynek, (ed.), Critical Perspectives on Human Security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations. Routledge Publishing, London, 2011, p. 24.
  • MCCORMACK, Tara, “The Limits to Emancipation in the Human Security Framework”, David Chandler and Nik Hynek, (ed.), Critical Perspectives on Human Security: Rethinking Emancipation and Power in International Relations, Routledge Publishing, London, 2011, p. 101.
  • AXWORTHY, Lloyd “Canada and Human Security: The Need for Leadership”, International Journal, Volume: 52, Number: 2, pp. 183-196.
  • BAKAN, Ayşe, “Normative Theory in IR: Frost’s Constitutive Approach”, Ankara University Social Science Journal, Volume: 63, Number: 1, p. 7.
  • BARKAWI, Tarak and Laffey, Mark, “The Postcolonial Moment in Security Studies”, Review of International Studies, Volume: 32, Number: 2, p. 329.
  • BELLAMY, Alex and McDonald, Matt, “‘The Utility of Human Security’: Which Humans? What Security? A Reply to Thomas and Tow”, Security Dialogue, Volume: 33, Number: 3, p. 373.
  • CANADIAN Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, “Human Security: Safety for People in a Changing World”, 1999, p. 5.
  • CASSEL, Douglass, “The Rome Treaty for an International Criminal Court: A Flawed but Essential First Step”, Brown Journal of World Affairs, Volume: 41, Number: 4, p. 5.
  • EWAN, Pauline, “Deepening the Human Security Debate: Beyond the Politics of Conceptual Clarification”, Politics: Volume: 25, Number: 3, pp. 182-189.
  • PARIS, Roland, “Human Security: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air?”, International Security, Volume: 26, Number: 2, pp. 87-102.
  • KING, Gray and Murray, Christopher, “Rethinking Human Security”, Political Science Quarterly, Volume: 116, Number: 4, p. 585.
  • SUHRKE, Astri “Human Security ad Interest of the State” Security Dialogue, Volume: 30, Number, 3, pp. 265-276.
  • THOMAS, Nicholas and Tow, William, “The Utility of Human Security”, Security Dialogue, Volume: 33, Number: 2, p. 177.
  • BEARDSWORTH, Richard, “Assessing Cosmopolitan Theory in World Politics”, E-IR, 2012, p.1, http://www.e-ir.info/2012/05/27/ assessing-cosmopolitan-theory-in-world-politics. (Accessed: 05. 01. 2016).
  • BOSOLD, David, “The Politics of Self‐righteousness: Canada’s Foreign Policy and the Human Security Agenda”, EISA, http://www.eisa-net.org/bebruga/eisa/files/events/turin/bosold-bosold_ sgir.pdf, (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Canada and the International Criminal Court”, http://www.international.gc.ca/court-cour/index.aspx?lang=eng (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Canadian Policy Positions”, 2012, http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/prmnymponu/ canada_uncanada_onu/positions-orientations/un_reform-reforme_ onu.aspx?lang=eng (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Canada World View Report”, http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2011/aecic-faitc/e12-15-1999-4-1eng.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “A New Concept: Security for People”, http://www.hegoa.ehu.es/dossierra/seguridad/ freedom_from_fear_canada_s_foreign_policy_for_human_security.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament”, http://www.canadainternational.gc. ca/prmny-mponu/canada_uncanada_onu/positions-orientations/peace-paix/disarmament-desarmement.aspx?lang=eng (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Landmine Foundation, “The Canadian Landmine Foundation: A History”, http://canadianlandmine.org/the-foundation/ history (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Parliament Official Webpage, “The International Criminal Court: History and Role”, http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/ researchpublications/prb0211-e.htm#fn53 (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Canadian Peace-building Coordinating Committee, “Canada and the Pursuit of Peace”, http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/HOC/Committee/ 381/FAAE/Evidence/EV2124690/FAAE73/Eng/Canadian%20Peacebuilding%20Coordinating%20Committee.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Commission of Human Security Official Webpage, “Security centered on people-not states”, http://www.un.org/humansecurity/sites/ www.un.org.humansecurity/files/chs_final_report_-_english.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Handicap International, “Ottawa Treaty: Landmines are not a Problem of the Past”, http://handicap-international.ca/en/ottawa-treaty-land mines-are-not-a-problem-of-the-past (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Japan Platform Official Webpage, “About”, http://www.japanplatform. org/e/work/index.html (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Japanese Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “Chronology of activities related to Human Security by the Japanese Government”, http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human_secu/chronology.html (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Japanese Foreign Ministry Official Webpage, “The Trust Fund for Human Security”, http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human_secu/t_ fund21.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Japanese Government Official Webpage, “The Constitution of Japan”, http://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • International Committee of the Red Cross, “Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict to the Convention on the Rights of the Child”, https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/ misc/57jqqe.htm (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • Permanent Mission of Canada to the United States, “Non-Proliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament”, http://www.canadainternational. gc.ca/prmny-mponu/canada_un-canada_onu/positions-orientations/ peace -paix/disarmament-desarmement.aspx?lang=eng (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • The Canadian Peace-building Network, “Canada & UN Peacekeeping”, http://www.peacebuild.ca/documents/CanadaUNPKOE.pdf (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • The Commission on Global Governance Official Webpage, “Our Global Neighbourhood”, http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/global-neighbour hood/ (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • The Humanitarian Practice Network, “Canada’s Human Security Agenda”, http://odihpn.org/magazine/canada%C2%92s-human-security -agenda/ (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • The UN Refugee Agency Official Webpage, “Donors”, http://www.unhcr.org/pages/4a2d01fa6.html (Accessed: 05.01.2016).
  • United Nations Development Programme Report, Oxford University Press, New York, 1994, p. 3.
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Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Umut Can Adısönmez This is me

Publication Date December 29, 2016
Submission Date December 29, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 12 Issue: 24

Cite

Chicago Adısönmez, Umut Can. “İnsan Güvenliği Yaklaşımı Nedir Ve Uluslararası Güvenlik Ajandasına Nasıl Bir Katkı Sağlamıştır: Kanada Ve Japonya Örnekleri (İngilizce Makale)”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 12, no. 24 (December 2016): 1-28.