Türkiye-AB Geri Kabul Anlaşması: AB-Türkiye Göç Diyalogu Üzerine Bir Eleştiri (İngilizce Makale)

Year 2017, Volume: 13 Issue: 25, 1 - 26, 27.04.2017

Pelin Sönmez Hikmet Kırık

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.309396

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Avrupa’ya göç sorunu Avrupa Birliği (AB) perspektifinden bakıldığında “kriz” halini almıştır. Orta Doğu ve Afrika gibi siyasi istikrarsızlıkların yaşandığı bölgelerden gelen göçmen ve mültecilerin sayısının artması veya en bilinen örneğiyle Suriye’de olduğu gibi savaştan zarar görmüş ülkelerden Avrupa’ya daha iyi bir hayat arayışıyla mülteci olarak gelenler Avrupalı politika yapıcıları için karmaşık zorluklar oluşturmaktadır. Avrupa yasadışı göç ile farklı yollar ve politika araçları üzerinden mücadele etmektedir. Geri kabul anlaşmaları AB için göç ile mücadelede önemli bir bileşendir. Üçüncü nesil geri kabul anlaşmaları, özellikle üçüncü ülkelerden gelen düzensiz göç akışını hedefleyerek, genel olarak AB’ye sınır veya sınır yakını ve özel olarak da AB’ye göç baskısı oluşturan ülkelerle imzalanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu noktada, Türkiye, Doğu Akdeniz’den Avrupa’ya göç etmek isteyen yasa dışı göçmenlerin ana rotalarından biridir. Sorunun önemi üzerinden, Türkiye ile imzalanan Geri Kabul Anlaşması ve vize serbestleştirilmesine yönelik yol haritası da bu bakış açısından değerlendirilmelidir. Bu makale AB-Türkiye ilişkilerinde söz konusu Anlaşma’nın zamanlaması ve muhtemel etkileri üzerine odaklanmakta ve Geri Kabul Anlaşması’nın etkilerini dış yönetişim ve insan güvenliği kavramları üzerinden tartışmaktadır. Bu nedenle ilk olarak hukuki yapı ve AB hukukundaki rolü ve AB’nin geri kabul anlaşmalarına karşı tutumunu analiz edeceğiz. İkinci olarak Türkiye ile imzalanan Geri Kabul Anlaşması’nın AB ve Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilere etkisini inceleyeceğiz. Üçüncü olarak da Türkiye-AB Geri Kabul Anlaşması hükümleri dış yönetişim ve insan güvenliği kavramları üzerinden analiz edilerek AB sınır güvenliği mekanizmalarının çağdaş formları sorgulanacaktır.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği, Türkiye, dış yönetişim, insan güvenliği, geri kabul antlaşması

Turkish-EU Readmission Agreement: A Critique of EU-Turkey Migration Dialogue

Abstract

Europe’s immigration problem became a “crisis” from the EU perspective. The growing numbers of migrants and asylum seekers fleeing from politically destabilized regions like the Middle East and Africa or war-torn countries, most notably from Syria, as well as people who just looking for a better life seeking refuge in Europe, poses complex challenges for European policymakers. Europe deals with the illegal immigration via number of ways and policy instruments. Readmission agreements are one of the important components for the EU to tackle with the immigration issue. The third generation readmission agreements, particularly targeting irregular migration flow from third countries, are generally trying to be ratified with border neighbors/near border countries of the EU and especially with the ones that put migration pressure to the Union. Here, Turkey is one of the major routes of illegal migrants from the Eastern Mediterranean to Europe. Given the magnitude of the problem, recently signed Readmission Agreement and visa liberalization roadmap with Turkey should be viewed from this perspective. This article focuses on the timing and the possible impact of the Agreement on the EU-Turkey relations and it discusses the effect of the Readmission Agreement under the external governance and human security concepts. We, first of all, will analyze juridical structure and its role in EU law and attitude of EU towards readmission agreements. Secondly, we will study the readmission agreement with Turkey and its effects in terms of Turkey’s relationship with the EU. Third, clauses of the Turkey-EU Readmission Agreement will be analyzed from external governance and human security concepts and questions characteristics of contemporary forms of border security mechanisms of the EU.

Keywords

European Union, Turkey, external governance, human security, readmission agreement

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