Arap Baharı Sonrası Avrupa Birliği’nin Akdeniz ve MENA Bölgesine Yönelik Politikalarındaki Devamlılık ve Değişimi Anlamak

Year 2019, Volume: 15 Issue: 29, 43 - 77, 15.04.2019

Fatma Zeynep Özkurt

https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.554020

Abstract

Geleneksel ve eleştirel güvenlik çalışmalarına ilişkin literatür günümüzde yaşanan risk ve tehditler ile devlet, devlet dışı ve uluslararası aktörleri etkileyen güvenlik sorunlarında gözlemlenen paradigma değişimine dikkat çekmektedir. Güvenlik perspektifinden bakıldığında, Avrupa Birliği (AB); Avrupa Stratejisi, Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası ve yakın dönemde oluşturulan Küresel Strateji gibi sahip olduğu dış politika etki mekanizmalarıyla kendi bölgesinde ki en etkili aktörlerden biri olarak görülmektedir. AB’nin Orta Doğu’ya yönelik politikaları ise sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik istikrarın sağlanması ve iş birliğinin geliştirilmesi açısından beklendiği kadar başarılı olamamış; bütünleşik çıkarımlar elde etmek yerine farklı sonuçlar doğurmuştur. Bu çalışma; Orta Doğu politikaları kapsamında Birliğin politika beklentileri ile politika uygulama kapasitesi arasındaki boşluğu Arap Baharı sonrası dönemde ortaya çıkan güvenlik mimarisi ve güvenlik tehditleri üzerinden değerlendirmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, AB’nin Orta Doğu gibi kırılgan bölgelere yönelik politikalarının incelenmesi vasıtasıyla Birliğin bölgesel stratejilerinin etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Avrupa Birliği, Orta Doğu, Arap Baharı, Güvenlik, Küresel Strateji

Understanding the Continuity and Change in the European Union’s Policies on the Mediterranean and the MENA Region after the Arab “Spring” Uprisings

Abstract

The literature on traditional and critical security studies mostly point out at a paradigm shift concerning the nature of security threats and challenges either caused or impacted upon by state, non-state, and transnational actors. From a security perspective, the European Union (EU) has been one of the most influential actors in its southern neighborhood covering the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and North Africa (MENA) regions particularly due to its active foreign policy influence mechanisms including European Strategy, European Neighborhood Policy, and most recently through its Global Strategy. Nonetheless, the EU foreign policies in the MENA region after the Arab uprisings have not been very successful in terms of promoting social, political, and economic stability and cooperation; and thus, it achieved mixed results instead of integrated outcomes. This paper addresses the difficulties and expectation-capability gaps in the EU’s foreign policies in the Middle East with a particular emphasis on the changing security structure and threats in the post-Arab Spring period.  Therefore, this paper aims to assess the effectiveness of the Union’s regional strategies through the evaluation of its policies on volatile regions such as the Middle East.

Keywords

European Union, Middle East, Arab Spring, Security, Global Strategy

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