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Kolombiya – FARC Barış Görüşmelerinde Katılımcılığın Rolü: Kadınlar, Kurbanlar ve Ordu

Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 41, 109 - 135, 25.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1056791

Abstract

Kolombiya-FARC arasında 2012 – 2016 yılları arasında gerçekleşen Havana Barış Görüşmeleri birçok açıdan önemli dersler içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, ilgili sürecin katılımcılık normu üzerinden değerlendirmesi amaçlamaktadır. Katılımcılık kapsamında genel bir değerlendirmenin de yapıldığı çalışmada özellikle dikey doğrudan katılımcılık kapsamında sürece dahil olan kadınlar, çatışma mağdurları ve ordu konuları analiz edilmiştir. Bu seviyede ilk defa bir barış sürecine dahil olan bu grupların hem temsilcilerinin seçilmesi ve sürece dahil olma süreçleri, hem de sürece sağladıkları katkı önemli dersler barındırmaktadır. Kadınların katılımı sayesinde çatışma sürecindeki cinsel saldırılar af kapsamı dışına alınırken, toprak dağıtımı gibi hususlarda kadınlara öncelikler sağlanmıştır. Çatışma mağdurları sürece doğrudan dahil edilerek mağduriyetlerinin resmen tanınması sağlanmış ve bu kişilere tazminat ve koruma garantisi gibi haklar sağlanabilmiştir. Son olarak ordunun sürece katılımı ile FARC üyelerinin silah bırakma süreci ve toplanma bölgelerine güvenli şekilde ulaşmaları gibi teknik meseleler sorunsuz şekilde uygulanabilmiştir.

References

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  • BAYSAL, Başar, Çağla LÜLECİ SULA ve Uluç KARAKAŞ, “Uluslararası Siyaset Sosyolojisi ve Güvenlik: Terörizm, Sınır Güvenliği ve Vatandaşlık Örnekleri”, SBF Dergisi, 2019, Sayı 74 (4), 1203-1231.
  • BAYSAL, Başar, Securitization and Desecuritization of FARC in Colombia: A Dual Perspective Analysis, Lanham, Rowman Littlefield Lexington Books, 2019.
  • BEJARANO, Anna Maria ve Eduardo Pizarro LEONGOMEZ, “From “Restricted” to “Besieged”: The Changing Nature of the Limits to Democracy in Colombia”, Frances Hagopian, (ed.), The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America: Advances and Setbacks, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 235–260.
  • BRETT, Roddy, “The role of the victims’ delegations in the Santos-FARC peace talks”, V. Drulliole ve R. Brett, (ed.), The Politics of Victimhood in Post-Conflict Societies: Comparative and Analytical Perspectives, Oxford, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 267–299.
  • CÉSPEDES-BÁEZ, Lina M. ve Felipe J. RUIZ, “Peace without women does not go!’ Women’s struggle for inclusion in Colombia’s peace process with the FARC”, Colombia Internacional, 2018, Sayı 94, 83-109.
  • CHARLES, Mathew H., Başar BAYSAL ve Juan D. FORERO, “A Criminal Peace, Mapping the Murders of Ex-FARC Combattants”, OCCO Series, 2020, https://www.urosario.edu.co/Documentos/Facultad-de-Ciencia-Politica-Gobierno-y-Relacione/Observatorios/Crimen-organizado/DOCUMENTOS_OCCO_2_A_Criminal_Peace-18-nov-min.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2021).
  • CORTES, Omar ve Juanita MILLAN, “The Role of the Armed Forces in the Colombian Peace Process”, NOREF Report, 2019, https://noref.no/Publications/Regions/Colombia/The-role-of-the-Armed-Forces-in-the-Colombian-peace-process (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2021).
  • Democratic Progress Institute, Briefing Note: Current Peace Process in Colombia, 2016, https://www.democraticprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/DPI-Briefing-Note-Peace-Process-in-Colombia.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2020).
  • FARC Manifesto, 1966, http://cedema.org/ver.php?id=4415 (Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2021).
  • HENSHAW, Alexis, “Outbidding and Gender: Dynamics in the Colombian Civil War”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759266.
  • HERBOLZHEIMER, Kristian, “Innovations in the Colombian Peace Process”, NOREF Report, 2016, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NOREF_CR_Report_Colombia%20Innovations_final.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2011).
  • Historical Memory Group, “BASTA YA! Colombia: Memories of War and Dignity”, Centro Nacional de Memoria Historica, 2016, http://centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/descargas/informes2016/basta-ya-ingles/BASTA-YA-ingles.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2019).
  • IFIT, The Colombia Peace Talks: Practical Lessons for Negotiations Worldwide, 2018, https://ifit-transitions.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/The-Colombian-Peace-Talks-Practical-Lessons-for-Negotiators-Worldwide.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2021).
  • JARAMILLO, Jaime, Leonidas MORA, ve Fernando CUBIDES, Colonización, coca y guerrilla. Bogotá, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1986.
  • JOB, Brian, The Insecurity Dilemma: National Security of Third World States, Boulder, L. Rienner Publishers, 1992.
  • KEW, Darren ve Anthony WANIS-ST JOHN, “Civil society and peace negotiations: confronting exclusion”, International Negotiation, 2008, Sayı 13, 11–36.
  • LEE, Chris, “The FARC and the Colombian Left: Time for a Political Solution?”, Latin American Perspectives, 2012, Sayı 39 (1), 28–42, s. 30.
  • LEGRAND, Catherine, “The Colombian Crisis in Historical Perspective”, Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 2003, Sayı 28(55/56), 165-209.
  • LONGHURST, Ricky M. ve Jesus K. LOPEZ, The Forgotten Insurgency: Is There Hope for Colombia?, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, 2005, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a443320.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 23.04.2021).
  • LOPEZ, Claudia, Y Refundaron La Patria. Bogota, Debate, 2010.
  • MENDES, Isa, “Inclusion and Political Representation in Peace Negotiations: The Case of the Colombian Victims’ Delegations”, Journal of Politics in Latin America, 2020, Sayı 11(3), 1-26.
  • MITCHELL, Christopher, “The Right Moment: Notes on Four Models of 'Ripeness'”, Paradigms, 1995, Sayı 9(2), 38-52.
  • MOLANO, Alfredo, Aguas arriba: Entre la coca y el oro, Bogota, El Ancora, 1990.
  • MOLANO, Alfredo, Selva adentro: Uno historia oral de la colonizacion del Guaviare, Bogota, El Ancora, 1987.
  • NILSSON, Desiree, “Anchoring the peace: civil society actors in peace accords and durable peace”, International Interactions, 2012, Sayı 38(2), 243–266.
  • PAFFENHOLZ, Thania, "Civil society and peace negotiations: beyond the inclusion–exclusion dichotomy”, Negotiation Journal, 2017, Sayı 30(1), 69–91.
  • PRIO (Peace Research Institute Oslo), “Gender and Inclusion in the Colombian Peace Process”, PRIO Gender, Peace and Security Update, 2016, Sayı 4, https://www.prio.org/utility/DownloadFile.ashx?id=483&type=publicationfile (Erişim Tarihi: 12.04.2021).
  • REMPE, Dennis M., “Guerrillas, Bandits, and Independent Republics: US Counter‐Insurgency Efforts in Colombia 1959–1965”, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 2002, Sayı 6(3), 304–327.
  • SALVESEN, Hilde ve Dag NYLANDER, “Towards an inclusive peace: women and the gender approach in the Colombian peace process”, NOREF Report, 2017, https://noref.no/Publications/Regions/Colombia/Towards-an-inclusive-peace-women-and-the-gender-approach-in-the-Colombian-peace-process (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2021).
  • STEDMAN, Stephen John, “Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes”, International Security, 1999, Sayı 22(2), 5-53.
  • TICKNER, Arlene B., Speech at NYU Seminar on Colombian Protest, 2021, https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?v=4238362996194694&ref=watch_permalink (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2021).
  • UN Women, “Women Take the Reins in Colombia”, United Nations Women, 2015, https://colombia.unwomen.org/en/noticias-y-eventos/articulos/2015/05/women-build-peace-in-colombia (Erişim Tarihi: 26.05.2021).
  • UNITED NATIONS, The United Nations Guidance for Effective Mediation, 2012, http://peacemaker.un.org/resources/mediation-guidance (Erişim Tarihi: 06.06.2021).
  • WALCH, Colin, “Rethinking Ripeness Theory: Explaining Progress and Failure in Civil War Negotiations in the Philippines and Colombia”, International Negotiation, 2016, sayı 21(1), 75-103.
  • WINSTANLEY, Louise, “Women’s Participation in the Colombian Peace Process”, Latin News, Latin American Regional Report, 2012, https://www.abcolombia.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ABColombia-LatinNews-Women-Participation-Peace-Process-.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 26.06.2021).
  • ZAHAR, Marie-Joelle, “Reframing the Spoiler Debate in Peace Processes”, John Darby ve Roger Mac Ginty, (ed.), Contemporary Peacemaking: Conflict, Peace Processes and Post-War Reconstruction, Londra, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • ZANKER, Franzisca, “Legitimate representation: civil society actors in peace negotiations revisited”, International Negotiation, 2014, Sayı 19(1), 62–88.
Year 2022, Volume: 18 Issue: 41, 109 - 135, 25.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1056791

Abstract

References

  • Acuerdo General, Acuerdo General Para La Terminación Del Conflicto Y La Construcción De Una Paz Estable Y Duradera, 2012, http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/Documents/AcuerdoTerminacionConflicto.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.04.2021).
  • ARN (Agencia para la Reincorporación y la Normalización), Espacios Territoriales de Capacitación y Reincorporación (ETCR), 2020, http://www.reincorporacion.gov.co/es/reincorporacion/Paginas/Los- ETCR.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2021).
  • BAYSAL, Başar, “Kolombiya Protestolarının Analizi: Sorunun Kökleri, Şiddetin Sebepleri, Talepler ve Olası Sonuçlar”, UİK Panorama, 2021, https://www.uikpanorama.com/blog/2021/05/27/kolombiya-protestolarinin-analizi-sorunun-kokleri-siddetin-sebepleri-talepler-ve-olasi-sonuclar/ (Erişim Tarihi: 21.06.2021).
  • BAYSAL, Başar, “Kolombiya-FARC Barış Süreci ve Alınacak Dersler”, Güvenlik Portalı Güvenlik Yazıları Serisi, 2020, https://trguvenlikportali.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/KolombiyaFARC_BasarBaysal_v.2.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2021).
  • BAYSAL, Başar, Çağla LÜLECİ SULA ve Uluç KARAKAŞ, “Uluslararası Siyaset Sosyolojisi ve Güvenlik: Terörizm, Sınır Güvenliği ve Vatandaşlık Örnekleri”, SBF Dergisi, 2019, Sayı 74 (4), 1203-1231.
  • BAYSAL, Başar, Securitization and Desecuritization of FARC in Colombia: A Dual Perspective Analysis, Lanham, Rowman Littlefield Lexington Books, 2019.
  • BEJARANO, Anna Maria ve Eduardo Pizarro LEONGOMEZ, “From “Restricted” to “Besieged”: The Changing Nature of the Limits to Democracy in Colombia”, Frances Hagopian, (ed.), The Third Wave of Democratization in Latin America: Advances and Setbacks, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005, 235–260.
  • BRETT, Roddy, “The role of the victims’ delegations in the Santos-FARC peace talks”, V. Drulliole ve R. Brett, (ed.), The Politics of Victimhood in Post-Conflict Societies: Comparative and Analytical Perspectives, Oxford, Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 267–299.
  • CÉSPEDES-BÁEZ, Lina M. ve Felipe J. RUIZ, “Peace without women does not go!’ Women’s struggle for inclusion in Colombia’s peace process with the FARC”, Colombia Internacional, 2018, Sayı 94, 83-109.
  • CHARLES, Mathew H., Başar BAYSAL ve Juan D. FORERO, “A Criminal Peace, Mapping the Murders of Ex-FARC Combattants”, OCCO Series, 2020, https://www.urosario.edu.co/Documentos/Facultad-de-Ciencia-Politica-Gobierno-y-Relacione/Observatorios/Crimen-organizado/DOCUMENTOS_OCCO_2_A_Criminal_Peace-18-nov-min.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2021).
  • CORTES, Omar ve Juanita MILLAN, “The Role of the Armed Forces in the Colombian Peace Process”, NOREF Report, 2019, https://noref.no/Publications/Regions/Colombia/The-role-of-the-Armed-Forces-in-the-Colombian-peace-process (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2021).
  • Democratic Progress Institute, Briefing Note: Current Peace Process in Colombia, 2016, https://www.democraticprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/DPI-Briefing-Note-Peace-Process-in-Colombia.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.11.2020).
  • FARC Manifesto, 1966, http://cedema.org/ver.php?id=4415 (Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2021).
  • HENSHAW, Alexis, “Outbidding and Gender: Dynamics in the Colombian Civil War”, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2020.1759266.
  • HERBOLZHEIMER, Kristian, “Innovations in the Colombian Peace Process”, NOREF Report, 2016, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NOREF_CR_Report_Colombia%20Innovations_final.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2011).
  • Historical Memory Group, “BASTA YA! Colombia: Memories of War and Dignity”, Centro Nacional de Memoria Historica, 2016, http://centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/descargas/informes2016/basta-ya-ingles/BASTA-YA-ingles.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2019).
  • IFIT, The Colombia Peace Talks: Practical Lessons for Negotiations Worldwide, 2018, https://ifit-transitions.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/The-Colombian-Peace-Talks-Practical-Lessons-for-Negotiators-Worldwide.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2021).
  • JARAMILLO, Jaime, Leonidas MORA, ve Fernando CUBIDES, Colonización, coca y guerrilla. Bogotá, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1986.
  • JOB, Brian, The Insecurity Dilemma: National Security of Third World States, Boulder, L. Rienner Publishers, 1992.
  • KEW, Darren ve Anthony WANIS-ST JOHN, “Civil society and peace negotiations: confronting exclusion”, International Negotiation, 2008, Sayı 13, 11–36.
  • LEE, Chris, “The FARC and the Colombian Left: Time for a Political Solution?”, Latin American Perspectives, 2012, Sayı 39 (1), 28–42, s. 30.
  • LEGRAND, Catherine, “The Colombian Crisis in Historical Perspective”, Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 2003, Sayı 28(55/56), 165-209.
  • LONGHURST, Ricky M. ve Jesus K. LOPEZ, The Forgotten Insurgency: Is There Hope for Colombia?, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, 2005, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a443320.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 23.04.2021).
  • LOPEZ, Claudia, Y Refundaron La Patria. Bogota, Debate, 2010.
  • MENDES, Isa, “Inclusion and Political Representation in Peace Negotiations: The Case of the Colombian Victims’ Delegations”, Journal of Politics in Latin America, 2020, Sayı 11(3), 1-26.
  • MITCHELL, Christopher, “The Right Moment: Notes on Four Models of 'Ripeness'”, Paradigms, 1995, Sayı 9(2), 38-52.
  • MOLANO, Alfredo, Aguas arriba: Entre la coca y el oro, Bogota, El Ancora, 1990.
  • MOLANO, Alfredo, Selva adentro: Uno historia oral de la colonizacion del Guaviare, Bogota, El Ancora, 1987.
  • NILSSON, Desiree, “Anchoring the peace: civil society actors in peace accords and durable peace”, International Interactions, 2012, Sayı 38(2), 243–266.
  • PAFFENHOLZ, Thania, "Civil society and peace negotiations: beyond the inclusion–exclusion dichotomy”, Negotiation Journal, 2017, Sayı 30(1), 69–91.
  • PRIO (Peace Research Institute Oslo), “Gender and Inclusion in the Colombian Peace Process”, PRIO Gender, Peace and Security Update, 2016, Sayı 4, https://www.prio.org/utility/DownloadFile.ashx?id=483&type=publicationfile (Erişim Tarihi: 12.04.2021).
  • REMPE, Dennis M., “Guerrillas, Bandits, and Independent Republics: US Counter‐Insurgency Efforts in Colombia 1959–1965”, Small Wars & Insurgencies, 2002, Sayı 6(3), 304–327.
  • SALVESEN, Hilde ve Dag NYLANDER, “Towards an inclusive peace: women and the gender approach in the Colombian peace process”, NOREF Report, 2017, https://noref.no/Publications/Regions/Colombia/Towards-an-inclusive-peace-women-and-the-gender-approach-in-the-Colombian-peace-process (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2021).
  • STEDMAN, Stephen John, “Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes”, International Security, 1999, Sayı 22(2), 5-53.
  • TICKNER, Arlene B., Speech at NYU Seminar on Colombian Protest, 2021, https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?v=4238362996194694&ref=watch_permalink (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2021).
  • UN Women, “Women Take the Reins in Colombia”, United Nations Women, 2015, https://colombia.unwomen.org/en/noticias-y-eventos/articulos/2015/05/women-build-peace-in-colombia (Erişim Tarihi: 26.05.2021).
  • UNITED NATIONS, The United Nations Guidance for Effective Mediation, 2012, http://peacemaker.un.org/resources/mediation-guidance (Erişim Tarihi: 06.06.2021).
  • WALCH, Colin, “Rethinking Ripeness Theory: Explaining Progress and Failure in Civil War Negotiations in the Philippines and Colombia”, International Negotiation, 2016, sayı 21(1), 75-103.
  • WINSTANLEY, Louise, “Women’s Participation in the Colombian Peace Process”, Latin News, Latin American Regional Report, 2012, https://www.abcolombia.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ABColombia-LatinNews-Women-Participation-Peace-Process-.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 26.06.2021).
  • ZAHAR, Marie-Joelle, “Reframing the Spoiler Debate in Peace Processes”, John Darby ve Roger Mac Ginty, (ed.), Contemporary Peacemaking: Conflict, Peace Processes and Post-War Reconstruction, Londra, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • ZANKER, Franzisca, “Legitimate representation: civil society actors in peace negotiations revisited”, International Negotiation, 2014, Sayı 19(1), 62–88.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Başar Baysal 0000-0001-9205-9234

Publication Date April 25, 2022
Submission Date January 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 18 Issue: 41

Cite

Chicago Baysal, Başar. “Kolombiya – FARC Barış Görüşmelerinde Katılımcılığın Rolü: Kadınlar, Kurbanlar Ve Ordu”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 18, no. 41 (April 2022): 109-35. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1056791.