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Al-Shabaab’s Threat to the Horn of Africa: Türkiye’s Role in Somalia’s Fight Against Terrorists

Year 2025, Volume: 21 Issue: 51, 203 - 227, 25.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1635034

Abstract

This study explores the threats posed by Al-Shabaab and its affiliated organizations in the Horn of Africa. It also assesses the adverse effects of terrorism on Türkiye’s relations with the region and aims to address how Türkiye’s achievements in combating terrorism, both domestically and internationally, can serve as a model for African nations. Findings indicate that Al-Shabaab, which once had control only over parts of Somalia’s rural areas and its capital, Mogadishu, continues to represent the primary security threat in the Horn of Africa a region encompassing Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Eritrea, and Djibouti. This situation endangers not only the nations within the region but also the interests of various countries, including Türkiye, which is keen to enhance its relations with Africa and has made significant investments there. Officially declaring its allegiance to Al-Qaeda in 2012, Al-Shabaab has evolved into an international terrorist organization based in the Horn of Africa. In this light, Türkiyes military, economic, and humanitarian assistance to Somalia has significantly influenced local security dynamics and regional power balances. Additionally, Türkiye’s provision of education, defense support, and the operational deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles, alongside the Defense and Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement signed in 2024, have been pivotal in Somalia’s struggle against Al-Shabaab. However, this increased support has made Türkiye a target for Al-Shabaab and has also complicated its relationships with other stakeholders in the region.

References

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El-Şebab’ın Afrika Boynuzu’na Yönelik Tehditleri: Somali’nin Teröristlerle Mücadelesinde Türkiye’nin Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 21 Issue: 51, 203 - 227, 25.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1635034

Abstract

Bu çalışma, El-Şebab ve onunla bağlantılı örgütlerin Afrika Boynuzuna yönelik tehditlerini ele almaktadır. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin bölgeyle ilişkilerinin tesisinde terörün olumsuz etkisi incelenmekte ve Türkiye’nin terörle mücadelede hem yurt içinde hem de yurt dışında elde ettiği başarıların Afrika ülkeleri açısından nasıl bir örnek teşkil edebileceği sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, bir dönem sadece Somali’nin kırsal bölgelerinin bir kısmı ile başkent Mogadişu üzerinde hâkimiyet kuran El-Şebab, günümüzde başta Somali olmak üzere Etiyopya, Sudan, Kenya, Eritre ve Cibuti’yi kapsayan ve Afrika Boynuzu olarak adlandırılan bölgede başlıca güvenlik tehdidi olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu durum yalnızca bölge ülkelerini değil, aynı zamanda Türkiye gibi Afrika ile ilişkilerini geliştirmek isteyen ve bölgede yatırımları bulunan birçok ülkenin çıkarlarını da tehdit etmektedir. 2012 yılında El-Kaide ile resmî iş birliği ilan eden El-Şebab, Afrika Boynuzu’na konuşlanmış uluslararası bir terör örgütü haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’nin Somali’ye yönelik askeri, ekonomik ve insani yardımları hem yerel güvenlik dinamiklerini hem de bölgesel dengeleri derinden etkilemektedir. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin Somali’ye sağladığı eğitim ve savunma desteği, insansız hava araçlarının operasyonel kullanımı ve 2024’te imzalanan Savunma ve Ekonomik İş Birliği Çerçeve Anlaşması, Somali’nin El-Şebab ile mücadelesinde belirleyici bir rol oynamıştır. Ancak bu desteğin artması, Türkiye’yi El-Şebab’ın hedefi haline getirirken, bölgedeki diğer aktörlerle olan ilişkileri de karmaşıklaştırmıştır.

References

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  • BAHADUR Jay (2022). Terror and Taxes Inside al-Shabaab’s revenur- vollection machine, Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, 7.
  • BARNES Cerdric ve HASSAN Harun (2007). “The Rise and Fall of Mogadishu’s Islamic Courts”, Journal of Eastern African Studies,1:2, 151-160.
  • DABAN Cihan ve AKTAŞ Hayati (2024). “Savunma İş Birliği Kapsamında Türkiye-Somali İlişkileri: TÜRKSOM Askeri Eğitim Merkezi Örneği”, İmgelem,14, 73-100.
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  • HAŞİMİ Cemalettin (2014). “Türkiye’s Humanitarian Diplomacy and Development Cooperation”, Insight Türkiye, 16:1, 127-145.
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There are 75 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects African Studies, International Security, Terrorism in International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mayada Kamal Eldeen 0000-0003-1612-1432

Publication Date August 25, 2025
Submission Date February 7, 2025
Acceptance Date July 17, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 21 Issue: 51

Cite

Chicago Kamal Eldeen, Mayada. “El-Şebab’ın Afrika Boynuzu’na Yönelik Tehditleri: Somali’nin Teröristlerle Mücadelesinde Türkiye’nin Rolü”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 21, no. 51 (August 2025): 203-27. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1635034.