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İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 165 - 182, 01.12.2015

Abstract

2001 yılında Uluslararası Müdahale ve Devlet Egemenliği Komisyonu (ICISS) tarafından ortaya atılan koruma sorumluluğu (R2P) kavramının Birleşmiş Milletler üye devletlerince kabulünün üzerinden on yıl geçmiş olmakla beraber normun uluslararası toplumca istikrarlı bir şekilde uygulandığını söylemek mümkün değildir. Bu bağlamda, bu makale koruma sorumluluğu normunun uluslararası hukuk nezdindeki statüsü tartışma temelinde, literatürdeki mevcut çalışmalardan farklı olarak BM Güvenlik Konseyince bugüne kadar istikrarsız bir şekilde uygulanan normun ikinci on yılında etkili bir şekilde uygulanabilmesinin ancak hukuki anlamda yeni düzenlemelerle mümkün olduğunu vurgulamakta ve bunun için ne tür değişiklikler/reformlar gerektiğini tartışmaktadır. Bu amaçla öncelikle koruma sorumluluğunun temel prensipleri ve BM çerçevesindeki kurumsallaşma süreci özetlenmekte, normun kapsamına dair temel değişimler ortaya konmakta, ardından da normun BM Güvenlik Konseyince uygulamalarının genel bir değerlendirmesi üzerinden normun bu on yıllık süreçte uluslararası hukuk nezdinde kazandığı statü tartışılmaktadır. Son olarak, ikinci on yıllık süreçte normun etkin ve zamanlı bir şekilde uygulanmasını sağlamak için koruma sorumluluğunun lex ferenda olarak düşünülmesi gerekliliği ortaya konacaktır.

References

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  • ANNAN, Kofi, In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All: Report of the Secretary-General, A/59/2005, Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu 59. Oturum, 21 Mart 2015, http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/ N05/270/78/PDF/N0527078.pdf?OpenElement (erişim tarihi 10.10.2015).
  • BELLAMY, Alex J., “Responsibility to Protect or Trojan Horse? The Crisis in Darfur and Humanitarian Intervention after Iraq”, Ethics & International Affairs, Yıl: 2005, Cilt: 19, Sayı: 2, s. 31-53.
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GENEL KURULU, “Report of the Secretary-General”, In Larger Freedom:
  • Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All, A/59/2005, 21 Mart 2005, http://
  • www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp? symbol=A/59/2005&referer=http://www.un.org/en/
  • events/pastevents/in_larger_freedom.shtml&Lang=E (erişim tarihi 05.11.2012)
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GENEL KURULU, “Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 16 September 2005”, 60/1. 2005 World Summit Outcome, A/Res/60/1, 24 Ekim 2005, http://daccess-dds- ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/ N05/487/60/PDF/N0548760.pdf?OpenElement (erişim tarihi 05.11.2012)
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GENEL KURULU, “Report of the Secretary-General”, Implementing the Responsibility to Protect, A/63/677, 12 January 2009, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/ view_doc.asp?symbol=A/63/677&referer=http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/adviser/ responsibility.shtml&Lang=E (erişim tarihi 25.10.2015).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GENEL KURULU – GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ, “Report of the Secretary-General”, Responsibility to Protect: State responsibility and prevention, A/67/929–S/2013/399, 9
  • Temmuz 2013, http://www.un.org/en/ga/ search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/67/929&referer=http:
  • //www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/adviser/responsibility.shtml&Lang=E (erişim tarihi: 17.10.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ, Resolution 1970, S/RES/1970, 17 Mart 2011. http://www. un.org./en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1970(2011) (erişim tarihi: 18.06.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ, Resolution 1973, S/RES/1973, 17 Mart 2011, http://www. un.org./en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1973(2011) (erişim tarihi: 18.06.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ, Resolution 1975, S/RES/1975, 30 Mart 2011, http://www. un.org./en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1975(2011) (erişim tarihi: 18.06.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER TOPLANTI YORUMLARI VE BASIN BİLDİRİLERİ, Secretary-General, in Address to General Assembly, Lays Out Vision of Stronger, More Flexible, Efficient, Accountable United Nations, SG/SM/11182, 25 Eylül 2007, http://www.un.org/press/en/2007/sgsm11182.doc. htm (erişim tarihi: 18.06.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER TOPLANTI YORUMLARI VE BASIN BİLDİRİLERİ, Press Conference by Secretary-General’s Special Advisers On Responsibility to Protect, Genocide, in Connection with Situation in Côte D’Ivoire, 19 Ocak 2011, http://www.un.org/press/en/2011/110119_Guest.doc. htm (erişim tarihi: 22.10. 2015).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER TOPLANTI YORUMLARI VE BASIN BİLDİRİLERİ, Security Council Approves
  • “No-Fly Zone” over Libya, Authorizing “All Necessary Measures” to Protect Civilians, by Vote of 10 in Favour with 5 Abstentions, SG/SM/13454-SC/10201-AFR/2144, 17 Mart 2011, http://www.
  • un.org/press/en/ 2011/sc10200.doc.htm (erişim tarihi: 22.10. 2015).
  • BUCHANAN, A. ve KEOHANE, R. “Precommitment Regimes for Intervention: Supplementing the Security Council”, Ethics and International Affairs, Cilt: 25, Sayı: 1, Yıl: Bahar 2011, s. 41-63.
  • EVANS, Gareth, From Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect, Keynote Address to Symposium on Humanitarian Intervention, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 31 Mart 2006, http://www.crisisgroup.org/ home/index.cfm?id=406 0&l=1 (erişim tarihi 28.10.2007).
  • GÖZEN ERCAN, Pınar, “Uluslararası Müdahale”, Uluslararası İlişkilere Giriş: Tarih, Teori, Kavram ve Konular, (der. Ş. Kardaş ve A. Balcı), 1. Basım, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2014, (s. 316-21).
  • GÖZEN ERCAN, Pınar, “R2P: from slogan to an international ethical norm”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Yıl: Sonbahar 2014, Cilt: 43, Sayı: 1, (s. 35-52).
  • GÖZEN ERCAN, Pınar, Debating the Future of the “Responsibility to Protect”: the Evolution of a Moral Norm, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
  • INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERVENTION AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY (ICISS), The Responsibility to Protect: The Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, International Development Research Center, Ottawa, 2001, http:// responsibilitytoprotect.org/ICISS%20 Report.pdf (erişim tarihi 23.06.2007).
  • INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT, Practitioners and Academics Assess RtoP from 2001-2022 at R2P: The Next Decade, 24 Ocak 2012, http:// icrtopblog.org/category/event/ (erişim tarihi 16.08.2015).
  • LUCK, Edward C., Remarks to the General Assembly on the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP), New
  • York, 23 Temmuz 2009, http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/ adviser/pdf/EL%20GA%20
  • MILLS, Kurt, “R2P3: Protecting, Prosecuting, or Palliating in Mass Atrocity Situations”, Journal of Human Rights, Cilt: 12, Sayı: 3, s. 333-56.
  • REINOLD, Teresa, “The Responsibility to Protect: Much Ado About Nothing?”, Review of International Studies, Cilt: 36, s. 55-78.
  • UNITED NATIONS ASSOCIATION – UK (UNA-UK). UN Security Council and the responsibility to protect: Voluntary restraint of the veto in situations of mass atrocity, http://www.una.org. uk/sites/default/files/Briefing%20-%20Veto%20code %20of%20conduct.pdf (erişim tarihi 01.07.2015).

İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P

Year 2015, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 165 - 182, 01.12.2015

Abstract

D espite the fact that it has already been a decade since the unanimous adoption of the “responsibility to protect” (R2P) by the state members of the United Nations (UN) –which was first introduced in 2001 by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS)–, it can hardly be argued that the international community has consistently implemented the norm. In this vein, this article discusses the current status of the R2P norm within the realm of international law. Diverging from the existing works in the literature, it argues that an effective and consistent implementation of the norm in its next decade depends on a revised regulation of the norm under international law, and accordingly discusses what sorts of changes/reforms are required. To this end, firstly a brief background on the fundamental principles of R2P and its institutionalisation within the UN framework will be provided. Following this, a general evaluation of the UN Security Council’s implementation of R2P so far will be presented prior to explaining the current status of R2P in relation to international law. Finally, it will be argued that an effective and timely implementation of R2P requires a reconsideration of the norm as lex ferenda

References

  • ANNAN, Kofi, A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, “Report of the Secretary General’s Report High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change”, 2004, http://www.un.org/ secureworld/report2.pdf (erişim tarihi 10.10.2015).
  • ANNAN, Kofi, In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All: Report of the Secretary-General, A/59/2005, Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulu 59. Oturum, 21 Mart 2015, http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/ N05/270/78/PDF/N0527078.pdf?OpenElement (erişim tarihi 10.10.2015).
  • BELLAMY, Alex J., “Responsibility to Protect or Trojan Horse? The Crisis in Darfur and Humanitarian Intervention after Iraq”, Ethics & International Affairs, Yıl: 2005, Cilt: 19, Sayı: 2, s. 31-53.
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GENEL KURULU, “Report of the Secretary-General”, In Larger Freedom:
  • Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All, A/59/2005, 21 Mart 2005, http://
  • www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp? symbol=A/59/2005&referer=http://www.un.org/en/
  • events/pastevents/in_larger_freedom.shtml&Lang=E (erişim tarihi 05.11.2012)
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GENEL KURULU, “Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 16 September 2005”, 60/1. 2005 World Summit Outcome, A/Res/60/1, 24 Ekim 2005, http://daccess-dds- ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/ N05/487/60/PDF/N0548760.pdf?OpenElement (erişim tarihi 05.11.2012)
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GENEL KURULU, “Report of the Secretary-General”, Implementing the Responsibility to Protect, A/63/677, 12 January 2009, http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/ view_doc.asp?symbol=A/63/677&referer=http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/adviser/ responsibility.shtml&Lang=E (erişim tarihi 25.10.2015).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GENEL KURULU – GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ, “Report of the Secretary-General”, Responsibility to Protect: State responsibility and prevention, A/67/929–S/2013/399, 9
  • Temmuz 2013, http://www.un.org/en/ga/ search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/67/929&referer=http:
  • //www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/adviser/responsibility.shtml&Lang=E (erişim tarihi: 17.10.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ, Resolution 1970, S/RES/1970, 17 Mart 2011. http://www. un.org./en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1970(2011) (erişim tarihi: 18.06.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ, Resolution 1973, S/RES/1973, 17 Mart 2011, http://www. un.org./en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1973(2011) (erişim tarihi: 18.06.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER GÜVENLİK KONSEYİ, Resolution 1975, S/RES/1975, 30 Mart 2011, http://www. un.org./en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1975(2011) (erişim tarihi: 18.06.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER TOPLANTI YORUMLARI VE BASIN BİLDİRİLERİ, Secretary-General, in Address to General Assembly, Lays Out Vision of Stronger, More Flexible, Efficient, Accountable United Nations, SG/SM/11182, 25 Eylül 2007, http://www.un.org/press/en/2007/sgsm11182.doc. htm (erişim tarihi: 18.06.2013).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER TOPLANTI YORUMLARI VE BASIN BİLDİRİLERİ, Press Conference by Secretary-General’s Special Advisers On Responsibility to Protect, Genocide, in Connection with Situation in Côte D’Ivoire, 19 Ocak 2011, http://www.un.org/press/en/2011/110119_Guest.doc. htm (erişim tarihi: 22.10. 2015).
  • BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER TOPLANTI YORUMLARI VE BASIN BİLDİRİLERİ, Security Council Approves
  • “No-Fly Zone” over Libya, Authorizing “All Necessary Measures” to Protect Civilians, by Vote of 10 in Favour with 5 Abstentions, SG/SM/13454-SC/10201-AFR/2144, 17 Mart 2011, http://www.
  • un.org/press/en/ 2011/sc10200.doc.htm (erişim tarihi: 22.10. 2015).
  • BUCHANAN, A. ve KEOHANE, R. “Precommitment Regimes for Intervention: Supplementing the Security Council”, Ethics and International Affairs, Cilt: 25, Sayı: 1, Yıl: Bahar 2011, s. 41-63.
  • EVANS, Gareth, From Humanitarian Intervention to the Responsibility to Protect, Keynote Address to Symposium on Humanitarian Intervention, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 31 Mart 2006, http://www.crisisgroup.org/ home/index.cfm?id=406 0&l=1 (erişim tarihi 28.10.2007).
  • GÖZEN ERCAN, Pınar, “Uluslararası Müdahale”, Uluslararası İlişkilere Giriş: Tarih, Teori, Kavram ve Konular, (der. Ş. Kardaş ve A. Balcı), 1. Basım, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2014, (s. 316-21).
  • GÖZEN ERCAN, Pınar, “R2P: from slogan to an international ethical norm”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Yıl: Sonbahar 2014, Cilt: 43, Sayı: 1, (s. 35-52).
  • GÖZEN ERCAN, Pınar, Debating the Future of the “Responsibility to Protect”: the Evolution of a Moral Norm, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
  • INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERVENTION AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY (ICISS), The Responsibility to Protect: The Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, International Development Research Center, Ottawa, 2001, http:// responsibilitytoprotect.org/ICISS%20 Report.pdf (erişim tarihi 23.06.2007).
  • INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT, Practitioners and Academics Assess RtoP from 2001-2022 at R2P: The Next Decade, 24 Ocak 2012, http:// icrtopblog.org/category/event/ (erişim tarihi 16.08.2015).
  • LUCK, Edward C., Remarks to the General Assembly on the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP), New
  • York, 23 Temmuz 2009, http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/ adviser/pdf/EL%20GA%20
  • MILLS, Kurt, “R2P3: Protecting, Prosecuting, or Palliating in Mass Atrocity Situations”, Journal of Human Rights, Cilt: 12, Sayı: 3, s. 333-56.
  • REINOLD, Teresa, “The Responsibility to Protect: Much Ado About Nothing?”, Review of International Studies, Cilt: 36, s. 55-78.
  • UNITED NATIONS ASSOCIATION – UK (UNA-UK). UN Security Council and the responsibility to protect: Voluntary restraint of the veto in situations of mass atrocity, http://www.una.org. uk/sites/default/files/Briefing%20-%20Veto%20code %20of%20conduct.pdf (erişim tarihi 01.07.2015).
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA88UJ28MT
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Pınar Gözen Ercan

Publication Date December 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ercan, P. G. (2015). İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 165-182.
AMA Ercan PG. İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P. HHFD. December 2015;5(2):165-182.
Chicago Ercan, Pınar Gözen. “İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 5, no. 2 (December 2015): 165-82.
EndNote Ercan PG (December 1, 2015) İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 5 2 165–182.
IEEE P. G. Ercan, “İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P”, HHFD, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 165–182, 2015.
ISNAD Ercan, Pınar Gözen. “İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 5/2 (December 2015), 165-182.
JAMA Ercan PG. İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P. HHFD. 2015;5:165–182.
MLA Ercan, Pınar Gözen. “İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P”. Hacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, 2015, pp. 165-82.
Vancouver Ercan PG. İkinci On Yılına Girerken Koruma Sorumluluğunu Yeniden Düşünmek: Lex Ferenda Olarak R2P. HHFD. 2015;5(2):165-82.