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Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler

Year 2008, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 103 - 132, 01.02.2008

Abstract

Cepten sağlık harcamalarının bir unsuru olan informal ödemeler birçok ülkede, değişen boyutlarda sağlık finansmanının bir parçasıdır. Türkiye’de de informal ödemelerin sağlık harcamaları içinde önemli bir yer tuttuğu öngörülmektedir. Bu ülkelerin ortak özelliği, informal ödemelerin temelde sağlık sisteminin arz yapısıyla ilgili sorunlardan kaynaklanması ve zaman içinde informal ödemelerin kültürel bir norm haline gelmesidir. İnformal ödemeler sağlık hizmeti kullanıcıları ve sağlık sistemi açısından olumsuz etkiler yaratma potansiyeline sahiptir. Ancak, bir ülkede informal ödemelerin olumsuz etkilerinin görülebilmesi ve bir politika konusu olabilmesi bazı koşullara bağlıdır. Türkiye sağlık sektöründe uzun yıllardır süregelen informal ödemelerin yarattığı olumsuzluklar nedeniyle politika müdahalesini gerektiren bir sorun olduğu düşünülmektedir. Mevcut araştırma bulguları Türkiye’de informal ödemelerde temel rol oynayan faktörlerin arz ile ilgili olduğunu göstermektedir. Mevcut durumda uygulanan ve uygulanması planlanan politika değişikliklerinin informal ödemeler açısından etkileri vardır. Bu makalede informal ödemenin tanımı ve türleri, çeşitli ülkelerde ve Türkiye’de boyutları ve sağlık politikaları ile etkileşimi ele alınmaktadır

References

  • Ádám G. (1989) “Gratuity for Doctors and Medical Ethics”, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 14: 315-322.
  • Akashi H. et al. (2004) “User Fees at A Public Hospital in Cambidia: Effects on Hospital Performance and Provider Attitudes”, Social Science and Medicine. 58(3): 553-564.
  • Balabanova D. and McKee M. (2002) “Understanding Informal Payments for Health Care: The Example of Bulgaria”, Health Policy. 62: 243-73.
  • Belli P. et al. (2002) Qualitative Study On Informal Payments For Health Services in Georgia. Washington: World Bank, HNP Discussion Paper.
  • Berman P. and Tatar M. (2004) Turkey National Health Accounts 19992000. Ministry of Health, Ankara.
  • Berman P. and Cuizon D. (2004) Multiple Public-Private Jobholding of Health Care Providers in Developing Countries. London: DFID Health Systems Resource Center.
  • CEEHN (Central and Eastern European Health Network) (2002) Formal and Informal Household Spending on Health: A Multicountry Study in Central and Eastern Europe.
  • Chawla M. et al. (1998) “Financing Health Services in Poland: New Evidence on Private Expenditures”, Health Economics. 7: 337-346. 129 Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, Cilt:11, Sayı1 (2008)
  • Chawla M. et al. (2004) “Provision of Ambulatory Health Services in Poland: a Case Study from Krakow”, Social Science and Medicine. 58(2): 227-235.
  • Chiu Y. et al. (2007) “Gifts, Bribes and Solicitions: Print Media and the Social Construction of Informal Payments to Doctors in Taiwan”, Social Science and Medicine. 64: 521-530.
  • Delcheva E. et al. (1997) “Under-the-counter Payments for Health Care: Evidence from Bulgaria”, Health Policy. 42: 89-100.
  • Ensor T. and Whitter S. (2001) “Health Economics in Low Income Countries: Adapting to the Reality of the Unofficial Economy”, Health Policy. 57: 1–13.
  • Ensor T. and Savelyeva L. (1998) “Informal Payments for Health Care in the Former Soviet Union: Some Evidence from Kazakstan”, Health Policy and Planning. 13(1): 41-49.
  • Ensor T. (2004) “Informal Payments for Health Care in Transition Economies”, Social Science and Medicine. 58(2): 237-46.
  • Exadaktylos N.M. (2005) “Organisation and Financing of the Health Care Systems of Bulgaria and Greece – What are the Parallels?”, BMC Health Services Research. 5: 41-47.
  • Falkingham J. (2004) “Poverty, Out-Of-Pocket Payments and Access to Health Care: Evidence from Tajikistan”, Social Science and Medicine. 58: 247-58.
  • Gaal P. (2004) Informal Payments for Health Care in Hungary. Ph.D. Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London.
  • Gaal P. and McKee M. (2004) “Informal Payment for Health Care and the Theory of 'Inxit'”, International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 19: 163-78.
Year 2008, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 103 - 132, 01.02.2008

Abstract

References

  • Ádám G. (1989) “Gratuity for Doctors and Medical Ethics”, The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 14: 315-322.
  • Akashi H. et al. (2004) “User Fees at A Public Hospital in Cambidia: Effects on Hospital Performance and Provider Attitudes”, Social Science and Medicine. 58(3): 553-564.
  • Balabanova D. and McKee M. (2002) “Understanding Informal Payments for Health Care: The Example of Bulgaria”, Health Policy. 62: 243-73.
  • Belli P. et al. (2002) Qualitative Study On Informal Payments For Health Services in Georgia. Washington: World Bank, HNP Discussion Paper.
  • Berman P. and Tatar M. (2004) Turkey National Health Accounts 19992000. Ministry of Health, Ankara.
  • Berman P. and Cuizon D. (2004) Multiple Public-Private Jobholding of Health Care Providers in Developing Countries. London: DFID Health Systems Resource Center.
  • CEEHN (Central and Eastern European Health Network) (2002) Formal and Informal Household Spending on Health: A Multicountry Study in Central and Eastern Europe.
  • Chawla M. et al. (1998) “Financing Health Services in Poland: New Evidence on Private Expenditures”, Health Economics. 7: 337-346. 129 Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, Cilt:11, Sayı1 (2008)
  • Chawla M. et al. (2004) “Provision of Ambulatory Health Services in Poland: a Case Study from Krakow”, Social Science and Medicine. 58(2): 227-235.
  • Chiu Y. et al. (2007) “Gifts, Bribes and Solicitions: Print Media and the Social Construction of Informal Payments to Doctors in Taiwan”, Social Science and Medicine. 64: 521-530.
  • Delcheva E. et al. (1997) “Under-the-counter Payments for Health Care: Evidence from Bulgaria”, Health Policy. 42: 89-100.
  • Ensor T. and Whitter S. (2001) “Health Economics in Low Income Countries: Adapting to the Reality of the Unofficial Economy”, Health Policy. 57: 1–13.
  • Ensor T. and Savelyeva L. (1998) “Informal Payments for Health Care in the Former Soviet Union: Some Evidence from Kazakstan”, Health Policy and Planning. 13(1): 41-49.
  • Ensor T. (2004) “Informal Payments for Health Care in Transition Economies”, Social Science and Medicine. 58(2): 237-46.
  • Exadaktylos N.M. (2005) “Organisation and Financing of the Health Care Systems of Bulgaria and Greece – What are the Parallels?”, BMC Health Services Research. 5: 41-47.
  • Falkingham J. (2004) “Poverty, Out-Of-Pocket Payments and Access to Health Care: Evidence from Tajikistan”, Social Science and Medicine. 58: 247-58.
  • Gaal P. (2004) Informal Payments for Health Care in Hungary. Ph.D. Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London.
  • Gaal P. and McKee M. (2004) “Informal Payment for Health Care and the Theory of 'Inxit'”, International Journal of Health Planning and Management. 19: 163-78.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Hacer Özgen This is me

Mehtap Tatar This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özgen, H., & Tatar, M. (2008). Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 11(1), 103-132.
AMA Özgen H, Tatar M. Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler. HSİD. February 2008;11(1):103-132.
Chicago Özgen, Hacer, and Mehtap Tatar. “Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 11, no. 1 (February 2008): 103-32.
EndNote Özgen H, Tatar M (February 1, 2008) Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 11 1 103–132.
IEEE H. Özgen and M. Tatar, “Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler”, HSİD, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 103–132, 2008.
ISNAD Özgen, Hacer - Tatar, Mehtap. “Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi 11/1 (February 2008), 103-132.
JAMA Özgen H, Tatar M. Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler. HSİD. 2008;11:103–132.
MLA Özgen, Hacer and Mehtap Tatar. “Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler”. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 1, 2008, pp. 103-32.
Vancouver Özgen H, Tatar M. Sağlık Hizmetleri Finansmanında İnformal Ödemeler. HSİD. 2008;11(1):103-32.