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Determination of infestation rate, morphological and genetic characterization of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees in Şanlıurfa province

Year 2022, , 25 - 39, 25.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1028027

Abstract

Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, a new fungal disease causing cracking and sudden drying out in trunks of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), which is economic importance, was reported for the first time in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. In this study, infestation rate was determined in 25 villages and 75 orchards in the Pistachio growing areas of Şanlıurfa province Karaköprü, Bozova, Birecik, Halfeti and Ceylanpınar districts. The average infestation rate of the five districts surveyed was found to be 35.88%. The rate of infestation was determined as Bozova 43.68%, Birecik 39.34%, Ceylanpınar 36.07%, Karaköprü 32.25% and Halfeti 28.07%, respectively. During the survey, samples were taken from the trunk and branches of the infected trees and isolated in PDA medium. The fungal agent was then purified, examined microscopically, and molecularly determined by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using the gene region primers of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer), ACT (Actin gene), LSU (Long Sub Unit) and SSU (Small Sub Unit). The genetic characterization was demonstrated and sent for sequence analysis. The resulting nucleotide sequences were registered in GenBank (accession number OL455801 for ITS and accession number OL589617 for LSU). As a result of the sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the fungal agent was verified and found to be as close to Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae with 99% to 99.9% similarity according to ITS and LSU gene region sequence data. The similarity ratio was checked for the ACT and SSU gene regions, however, since there were no records for ACT and SSU genes regions in the gene bank, therefor, no evolution was made. It has been determined that the disease agent causes serious infections mostly in old trees, however, newly developing trees could be under threat.

References

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  • Akgül, D. S. Savaş, İ. G. & Özarslan, M. (2020). First Report of Wood Canker Caused by Lasiodiplodia exigua and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae on Grapevine in Turkey. APS publicasion,1-2.
  • Aksoy, H. (2002). Samsun İlinde domates bakteriyel hastalıkları ve yaygınlıkları. Ph.D. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi.Anonim, (2017). Antepfıstığı Sektör raporları. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti-Ekonomi Bakanlığı, İhracat Genel Müdürlüğü Tarım Ürünleri Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara. https://ticaret.gov.tr/ihracat/sektorler/tarim-ve-gida
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  • Aydın, M. H. (2019). Siirt ilinde Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) bahçelerinde hastalıkların tespiti. I. Uluslararası Harran Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, (s. 85-86), 8-10 Mart, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
  • Barr, M. E. (1987). Prodromus to Class Loculoascomycetes. Hamilton I. Newell, Inc., Amherst, MA. Camele, I., Marcone, C. & Cristinzio, G. (2005). Detection and identification of Phytophthora species in Southern Italy by RFLP and sequence analysis of PCR amplified nuclear ribosomal DNA. Eur J Plant Pathol, 11:1–14.
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  • Chuang, M. N. (2012). First Report of Stem Canker Disease of Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus and (H. polyhizus) Caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Taiwan. Plant Disease, 906-907.
  • Crous, P., Slippers, B., Michael, J., Wingfield, M. J., Walter, M. F., Philips, A. & Johannes, Z. G. (2006). Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology, 55:235-253.
  • Derviş, S., Türkölmez, Ş., Çifçi, O., Ulubaş Serçe, Ç., & Dikilitaş, M. (2019). First Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Canker, Shoot Blight and Root Rot of Pistachio in Turkey, Plant Disease, 1-2.
  • Dikilitaş, M., Oğuz, A.Ç. & Karakaya, A. ( 2018). Extracellular Protease Activity And Glucose Production İn İsolates Of Net Blotch Pathogens Differing İn Virülence. Zemdir By Site-Agriculture, 105(1): 89-94.
  • Dunn, J., Wolfe, M., Trachtenberg, J., Kriesel, J., Orlandi, R., & Carroll, K., (2003). Invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Scytalidium dimidiatum in a lung transplant recipient. J Clin Microbiol., 41:5817-9.
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  • Farr, D. F. & Rossman, A. Y. (2018). Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ adresinden alındı
  • Graham, J. H., & Menge, J. A. (2000). Phytophthora-induced diseases. In: Timmer LW, Garnsey SM, Graham JH, editors. Compendium of citrus diseases, St. Paul (MN): APS Press., p. 12-1.
  • Hall TA. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 1999, 41:95-8.
  • Hashim, I. F., Aşkın, M. A. & Yıldırım, A. N. (2018). Bazı Uygulamaların Menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi ve Çıkışı Üzerine Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 13(1): 27-39.
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  • Kaplan, C., Çiftçi, M.C. & Çakmak, S. (2018). Insect pests in pistachio producing areas of Turkey. Ejons 4. International Congress on Mathematics, Engineering, Natural and Health Sciences, pp. 10-16, 11-13 August 2018, Kiev
  • Kaplan, C. (2019). Antepfıstığı göz kurdu, Thaumetopoea solitaria Frey. üzerinde bazı gözlemler. Uluslararası Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi, s. 118-123, 10-12 Haziran 2019, Siirt, Türkiye.
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGAX: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 10.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7):1870-1874.
  • Kurt, S., Uysal, A., Soylu, E. M., Kara, M. & Soylu, S. (2019). First record of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with pistachio dieback in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Mycologia Iranica, 6(1): 5–57.
  • Leavitt, G. M. (1990). The occurrence, distribution, effect and control of Botryodiplodia theobromae on Vitis vinifera in California, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Riverside.
  • Michailides, T. J. & Morgan, D. P. (1992). Control of Alternaria Late Blight of Pistachio By Skipping One ҆ ҆Critical ҆ ҆ İrrigation and by Applying Organic Fungicides. California Pistachio Industry Annual Report, Crop Year 1992-1993, 80-92.
  • Ören, E., Koca, G. & Bayraktar, H. (2020). First report of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with branch dieback on Japanese persimmon in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00595-2.
  • Ören, E., Koca, G., Gencer, R. & Bayraktar, H. (2020). First report of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with stem canker and branch dieback of almond trees. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 15:17 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13314-020-00386-9.
  • Ören, Y., Sadowsky, A., Gefen, D., Solel, Z. & Kimchy, M. (2001). Scytalidium wilt of citrus. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 107:467-470.
  • Pavlic, D., Wingfield, M. J., Barber, P., Slippers, B., Hardy, G. E. ST. J. & Burgess, T. I. (2008). Seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from baobab and other native trees in Western Australia. Mycologia, 100(6):851–856.
  • Phillips, A., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M., Groenewald, J. & Crous, P. W. (2013). The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Study. Mycol., 76:51-167.
  • Polizzi, G. A. (2009). First Report of Shot Blight, Canker, and gummosis caused by Neocytalidium dimidiatum on Citrus in Italy. Plant Dis., 1215p.
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  • Rolshausen, P. A. (2013). First Report of Wood canker caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum on Grapevine in California. Plant Disease, 97:1511.
  • Sadowsky, A., Solel, Z. & Sztejnberg, A. (2007). Effect of heat-stress predisposition on the development of Scytalidium wilt of ҆Star Ruby ҆ grapefruit, caused by Scytalidium lignicola. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 117:123-127.
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Şanlıurfa ilinde Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) ağaçlarında Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae’nın bulaşıklık oranının belirlenmesi, morfolojik ve genetik karakterizasyonu

Year 2022, , 25 - 39, 25.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1028027

Abstract

Ekonomik olarak önemli bir paya sahip olan Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) ağaç gövdelerinde çatlamalara ve ani kurumalara yol açan ve yeni bir fungal hastalık etmeni olan Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Türkiye’de ilk kez Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Şanlıurfa ili Karaköprü, Bozova, Birecik, Halfeti ve Ceylanpınar ilçelerinin Antepfıstığı yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlarında 25 köy ve 75 bahçede survey yapılarak bölgede bulaşıklık oranı tespit edilmiştir. Survey yapılan beş ilçenin ortalama bulaşıklık oranı % 35.88 olarak bulunmuştur. Bulaşıklık oranı sırası ile Bozova % 43.68, Birecik % 39.34, Ceylanpınar % 36.07, Karaköprü % 32.25 ve Halfeti % 28.07 olarak belirlenmiştir. Survey sırasında infekteli olan ağaçların gövde ve dallarından örnekler alınmış ve PDA ortamında izolasyonlar yapılmıştır. İzolasyon sonucunda gelişen fungal etmen saflaştırılmış, mikroskobik olarak incelenmiş, moleküler olarak ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer), ACT (Actin gene), LSU (Long Sub Unit) ve SSU (Small Sub Unit ) gen bölgesi primerleri kullanılarak PZR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) ile genetik karakterizasyonu ortaya konmuş ve sekans analizine gönderilmiştir. Elde edilen nükleotid dizileri GenBank’ta (ITS için erişim numarası: OL455801 ve LSU için erişim numarası: OL589617) kaydedilmiştir. Sekans ve filogenetik analizler sonucunda ITS ve LSU gen bölgesi dizi verilerine göre hastalığın Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae etmenine % 99 ila % 99.9 benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. ACT ve SSU gen bölgesi için benzerlik oranına bakılmış fakat gen bankasında bu gen bölgeleri için herhangi bir kayıt bulunmadığından ACT ve SSU gen bölgeleri ile herhangi bir değerlendirme yapılamamıştır. Hastalık etmeninin daha çok yaşlı ağaçlarda ciddi enfeksiyonlara yol açtığı belirlenmiş ancak yeni gelişen ağaçların da tehlike altında olacağı değerlendirilmiştir.

References

  • Açar, İ. (1997). Ceylanpınar tarım işletmesinde seçilmiş bazı erkek Antepfıstığı tiplerinin morfolojik ve biyolojik özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. Harran üniversitesi fen bilimleri enstitüsü, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
  • Adesemoye, A. M. (2014). Identification of species of Botryosphaeriaceae Causing Bot Gummosis in Citrus in California. Plant Disease, 98:54-61.
  • Akgül, D. S. Savaş, İ. G. & Özarslan, M. (2020). First Report of Wood Canker Caused by Lasiodiplodia exigua and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae on Grapevine in Turkey. APS publicasion,1-2.
  • Aksoy, H. (2002). Samsun İlinde domates bakteriyel hastalıkları ve yaygınlıkları. Ph.D. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi.Anonim, (2017). Antepfıstığı Sektör raporları. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti-Ekonomi Bakanlığı, İhracat Genel Müdürlüğü Tarım Ürünleri Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara. https://ticaret.gov.tr/ihracat/sektorler/tarim-ve-gida
  • Arpacı, S. (2010). Antepfıstığı ve Geleceği. TMMOB Kent Sempozyumu. 17 - 18 Nisan 2015, G. Antep, Türkiye.
  • Aydın, M. H. (2019). Siirt ilinde Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) bahçelerinde hastalıkların tespiti. I. Uluslararası Harran Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, (s. 85-86), 8-10 Mart, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye.
  • Barr, M. E. (1987). Prodromus to Class Loculoascomycetes. Hamilton I. Newell, Inc., Amherst, MA. Camele, I., Marcone, C. & Cristinzio, G. (2005). Detection and identification of Phytophthora species in Southern Italy by RFLP and sequence analysis of PCR amplified nuclear ribosomal DNA. Eur J Plant Pathol, 11:1–14.
  • Carbone, I. & Kohn, L. M. (1999). A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia, 91: 553–556.
  • Chen, S. F., Fichtner, E., Morgan, D. P. & Michailides, T. J. (2013). First report of Lasiodiplodia citricola and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing death of graft union of English walnut in California. Plant Disease, 97:993.
  • Chuang, M. N. (2012). First Report of Stem Canker Disease of Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus and (H. polyhizus) Caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Taiwan. Plant Disease, 906-907.
  • Crous, P., Slippers, B., Michael, J., Wingfield, M. J., Walter, M. F., Philips, A. & Johannes, Z. G. (2006). Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology, 55:235-253.
  • Derviş, S., Türkölmez, Ş., Çifçi, O., Ulubaş Serçe, Ç., & Dikilitaş, M. (2019). First Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Canker, Shoot Blight and Root Rot of Pistachio in Turkey, Plant Disease, 1-2.
  • Dikilitaş, M., Oğuz, A.Ç. & Karakaya, A. ( 2018). Extracellular Protease Activity And Glucose Production İn İsolates Of Net Blotch Pathogens Differing İn Virülence. Zemdir By Site-Agriculture, 105(1): 89-94.
  • Dunn, J., Wolfe, M., Trachtenberg, J., Kriesel, J., Orlandi, R., & Carroll, K., (2003). Invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Scytalidium dimidiatum in a lung transplant recipient. J Clin Microbiol., 41:5817-9.
  • English, H., Davis, J. R. & Devay, J. E. (1974). Relationship of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Hendersonula toruloidea to a canker disease of almond. Phytopathology, 65:114-122.
  • Eskalen, A., Küsek, M., Dnisti, L. & Karadağ, S. (2001). Fungal Diseases İn Pistachio Trees İn East Mediterranean and Southeast Anatolian Regions. In : Ak B.E. (ed.). XI GREMPA Seminar on Pistachios and Almonds. Zaragoza: CIHEAM, 2001. p. 261-264.
  • FAO, (2020). FAO ҆nun istatistiksel verileri. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC ҆internet adresinden alındı, Erişim Tarihi: 20. 05. 2020.
  • Farr, D. F. & Rossman, A. Y. (2018). Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ adresinden alındı
  • Graham, J. H., & Menge, J. A. (2000). Phytophthora-induced diseases. In: Timmer LW, Garnsey SM, Graham JH, editors. Compendium of citrus diseases, St. Paul (MN): APS Press., p. 12-1.
  • Hall TA. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 1999, 41:95-8.
  • Hashim, I. F., Aşkın, M. A. & Yıldırım, A. N. (2018). Bazı Uygulamaların Menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi ve Çıkışı Üzerine Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniv. Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 13(1): 27-39.
  • Inderbitzin, P., Bostock, R. M., Trouillas, F. P., & Michailides, T. J. (2010). A six-locus phylogeny reveals high species diversity in Botryosphaeriaceae from California almond. Mycologia, 102:1350-1368.
  • Kaplan, C., Çiftçi, M.C. & Çakmak, S. (2018). Insect pests in pistachio producing areas of Turkey. Ejons 4. International Congress on Mathematics, Engineering, Natural and Health Sciences, pp. 10-16, 11-13 August 2018, Kiev
  • Kaplan, C. (2019). Antepfıstığı göz kurdu, Thaumetopoea solitaria Frey. üzerinde bazı gözlemler. Uluslararası Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma Kongresi, s. 118-123, 10-12 Haziran 2019, Siirt, Türkiye.
  • Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGAX: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 10.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7):1870-1874.
  • Kurt, S., Uysal, A., Soylu, E. M., Kara, M. & Soylu, S. (2019). First record of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with pistachio dieback in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Mycologia Iranica, 6(1): 5–57.
  • Leavitt, G. M. (1990). The occurrence, distribution, effect and control of Botryodiplodia theobromae on Vitis vinifera in California, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Ph. D. dissertation, University of California, Riverside.
  • Michailides, T. J. & Morgan, D. P. (1992). Control of Alternaria Late Blight of Pistachio By Skipping One ҆ ҆Critical ҆ ҆ İrrigation and by Applying Organic Fungicides. California Pistachio Industry Annual Report, Crop Year 1992-1993, 80-92.
  • Ören, E., Koca, G. & Bayraktar, H. (2020). First report of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with branch dieback on Japanese persimmon in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-020-00595-2.
  • Ören, E., Koca, G., Gencer, R. & Bayraktar, H. (2020). First report of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae associated with stem canker and branch dieback of almond trees. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 15:17 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13314-020-00386-9.
  • Ören, Y., Sadowsky, A., Gefen, D., Solel, Z. & Kimchy, M. (2001). Scytalidium wilt of citrus. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 107:467-470.
  • Pavlic, D., Wingfield, M. J., Barber, P., Slippers, B., Hardy, G. E. ST. J. & Burgess, T. I. (2008). Seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from baobab and other native trees in Western Australia. Mycologia, 100(6):851–856.
  • Phillips, A., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M., Groenewald, J. & Crous, P. W. (2013). The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Study. Mycol., 76:51-167.
  • Polizzi, G. A. (2009). First Report of Shot Blight, Canker, and gummosis caused by Neocytalidium dimidiatum on Citrus in Italy. Plant Dis., 1215p.
  • Ray, J. D., Burgess, T. & Lanoıselet, V. M. (2010). First record of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and N. novaehollandiae on Mangifera indica and N. dimidiatum on Ficus carica in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 5:48 –50.
  • Rolshausen, P. A. (2013). First Report of Wood canker caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum on Grapevine in California. Plant Disease, 97:1511.
  • Sadowsky, A., Solel, Z. & Sztejnberg, A. (2007). Effect of heat-stress predisposition on the development of Scytalidium wilt of ҆Star Ruby ҆ grapefruit, caused by Scytalidium lignicola. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 117:123-127.
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Botany
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Berfin Kılınç 0000-0002-7086-0255

Mehmet Güldür 0000-0002-3374-5602

Murat Dikilitaş 0000-0002-7399-4750

Publication Date March 25, 2022
Submission Date November 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Kılınç, B., Güldür, M., & Dikilitaş, M. (2022). Şanlıurfa ilinde Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) ağaçlarında Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae’nın bulaşıklık oranının belirlenmesi, morfolojik ve genetik karakterizasyonu. Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1028027

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