Assessment of Morphological Traits and Resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) in Hybrids Derived from Various Indigenous Pepper Varieties

Year 2024, , 508 - 523, 28.09.2024

Gökhan Kartal , Hakan Kartal , Naif Gebeloğlu

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1434593

Abstract

Tokat Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a popular variety of pepper that has been cultivated and consumed in Tokat for many years. The production of this cultivar is hindered by various biotic stress factors, one of which is the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that causes significant economic losses in pepper farming. In this research, TSWV-resistant hybrid plants were cultivated using local pepper lines, and the yield, fruit characteristics, and resistance levels of these hybrids were analysed. Three different strains of 'Tokat Pepper', which had undergone self-fertilisation to reach the fifth generation, were interbred with two donor plants that were resistant to TSWV and carried the TSW gene. The hybrid plants were cultivated in soilless farming conditions and TSWV was transmitted by both mechanical means and the use of floral thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). While the marketable yields of the parent plants ranged from 2.260 kg per plant to 2.727 kg per plant, the yields of the hybrid genotypes varied from 1.917 kg per plant to 2.527 kg per plant. Marketable yields of the hybrid genotypes were lower than those of the parents. The hybrid plants exhibited heterozygous resistance to TSWV. However, it was observed that resistance in hybrid plants was compromised when the air temperature surpassed 32°C in the screenhouse. The study revealed that fruit shape of the hybrid plants was either 3 or 4 lobed, and fruit colour ranged from light green to dark green. In conclusion, the TSWV resistance gene TSW has been effectively transferred to hybrid plants that were bred from native pepper varieties. Although hybrid plants showed lower yield, there was no visible effect on the fruit's appearance. Resistance was observed to break down at high temperatures, as it has been frequently reported in literature that the TSW gene may exhibit such problems. The study discovered that hybrid varieties of 'Tokat Pepper' can be developed to resist TSWV.

Keywords

TSWV, Tokat Biberi, Resistance, Quality, Yield

Project Number

2020/93

Bazı yerelbiber tiplerinden elde edilen melezlerin morfolojik özelliklerinin ve Domates Lekeli Solgunluk Virüsüne (TSWV) dayanıklılığının belirlenmesi

Abstract

Tokat Biberi (Capsicum annuum L.), Tokat'ta uzun yıllardır yetiştirilen ve tüketilen popüler bir biber çeşididir. Bu çeşidin üretimi çeşitli biyotik stres faktörleri tarafından engellenmektedir. Bunlardan biri de biber tarımında önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan domates lekeli solgunluk virüsüdür (TSWV). Bu araştırmada, yerel biber hatları kullanılarak TSWV'ye dayanıklı hibrit bitkiler yetiştirilmiş ve bu hibritlerin verim, meyve özellikleri ve dayanıklılık seviyeleri araştırılmıştır. S5 generasyonuna kadar kendilenmiş üç farklı 'Tokat Biberi' hattı, TSWV'ye dayanıklı ve TSW geni taşıyan 2 donör bitki ile melezlenmiştir. Melez bitkiler topraksız tarım koşullarında yetiştirilmiş ve TSWV bitkilere hem mekanik yollarla hem de çiçek tripsleri (Frankliniella occidentalis) kullanılarak bulaştırılmıştır. Ebeveyn bitkilerin pazarlanabilir verimleri bitki başına 2.260 kg ile 2.727 kg arasında değişirken, melez genotiplerin verimleri bitki başına 1.917 kg ile 2.527 kg arasında değişmiştir. Melez genotiplerin pazarlanabilir verimleri ebeveynlerden düşük olmuştur. Melez bitkilerde TSWV'ye karşı heterozigot dayanıklılık belirlenmiştir. Tül serada hava sıcaklığı 32°C'nin üzerine çıktığında melez bitkilerde dayanıklılığın kırıldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada melez bitkilerin meyve şekli 3 ve 4 loblu, meyve rengi açık yeşil, yeşil ve koyu yeşil olarak gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yerel biber hatlarından geliştirilen melez bitkilere TSWV dayanıklılık geni TSW başarıyla aktarılmıştır. Melez bitkilerin veriminde düşüş meydana gelirken meyve görünümlerinde bir değişim olmamıştır. Yüksek sıcaklıklarda dayanıklılık kırılmıştır. Literatürde de TSW geninin bazı durumlarda kırıldığı sıklıkla belirtilmektedir. Çalışma sonunda 'Tokat Biberi' popülasyonlarından TSWV'ye dayanıklı hibrit çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

TSWV, Tokat Biberi, Dayanıklılık, Kalite, Verim

Ethical Statement

Herhangi bir çıkar çatışması olmadığını beyan ederim.

Supporting Institution

Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Komisyonu

Project Number

2020/93

Thanks

Çalışmada yapılmış olan analizler Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü laboratuvarlarında yürütülmüş olup; katkısı olanlara teşekkür ederiz.

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