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Farklı Nar (Punica granatum L.) Çeşitlerinin Pomolojik, Fitokimyasal Özellikleri ve Antioksidan Kapasiteleri

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 164 - 176, 19.06.2017

Abstract

Nar içerdiği yüksek miktardaki fenolik
bileşikler ve flavonoidlerden dolayı son yıllarda araştırıcıların ilgi odağı
olmuştur. Bu çalışmada üç farklı nar (Suruç, Hicaznar ve Suruç Karası)
çeşidinin fitokimyasal kapsamları ve antioksidan kapasitelerinin belirlenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan çeşitlerin pomolojik ölçümlerinin
yanısıra, dane, kabuk ve çekirdeklerin toplam antosiyanin (TA), toplam fenolik
bileşikler (TP) ve toplam flavonoid kapsamları ile antioksidan kapasiteleri,
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) serbest
radikalinin süpürülmesi, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) ve
Fosfomolibden Mo(VI) metodlarıyla belirlenmiştir.
Ortalama
meyve ağırlığı olarak Suruç (633.75
g
) ve Hicaznar (621.42 g) çeşitleri arasında istatistiksel fark
bulunmazken, Suruç Karası ortalama meyve ağırlığı (330.22 g) ile diğerleri
arasındaki fark önemli bulunmuştur.
Ölçülen diğer
pomolojik özelliklerde benzer sonuçlar bulunmuştur. Nar çeşitlerinin meyve
kabuklarının fenolik ve flavonoid kapsamları dane ve çekirdeğe göre daha yüksek
ölçülmüştür. Kullanılan çeşitlerin meyve, kabuk ve çekirdeklerinin toplam
fenolik ve flavonoid kapsamlarına bağlı olarak örneklerin etanolik ekstrakları
DPPH serbest radikalini süpürmüş, Fe+3 ve Mo(VI) iyonları
indirgenmiştir
. Araştırma verilerine göre, çeşitlerin antioksidatif
özellikleri bakımından örneklerin toplam fenolik ve flavonoid kapsamları,
çeşitlerinin ölçülen pomolojik özellikleri ve antosiyanin içeriğinden çok daha
önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Ardekani, M. R. S., Hajimahmoodi, M., Oveisi, M. R., Sadeghi, N., Jannat, B., Ranjbar, A. M., Gholam, N., Moridi T., 2011. Comparative Antioxidant Activity and Total Flavonoid Content of Persian Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Cultivars. Iran J Pharm Res. 2011 Summer; 10(3): 519–524.
  • Aydın, S.A, Üstün, F., 2007. Tanenler kimyasal Yapıları, Farmakolojik Etkileri, Analiz Yöntemleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 33(1): 21-31.
  • Blois, M.S. 1958. Antioxidant Determinations by the Use of a Stable Free Radical. Nature,18:1199-1200.
  • Cemeroğlu, B., 2007. Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları No: 34. Ankara. 535 sayfa.
  • Çam, M., Hışıl, Y., Durma, G., 2009. Clasification of Eight Pomegranate Juices Based on Antioxidant Capacity Measured by Four Methods. Food Chemistry,112.721726.
  • Çetin, E.S., 2010. Asmada Hücre Süspansiyon Kültürleri ile Sekonder Metabolit Üretimi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi. 128 sayfa.
  • Elfalleh, W., Hannachi, H., Tlili, N., Yahia, Y., Nasri, N., Ferchichi, A. 2012. Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Pomegranate Peel, Seed, Leaf and Flower. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(32):4724-4730.
  • Gil, M.L., Tomas-Barberan, F.A., Hess-Pierce, B., Kader, A.A., 2002. Antioxidant Capacities, Phenolic Compounds, Carotenoids, and Vitamin C Contents of Nectarine, Peach, and Plum Cultivars from California. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 5:4976-4982.
  • Giusti, M. M., Wrolstad, R.E., 2001. Characterization and Measurement of Anthocyanins bu UV-visible Spectroscopy. In: Current Protokols in Food Analytical Chemistry; Wrolstad, R.E., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Gözlekçi, Ş., Saraçoğlu, O., Onursal, E., Özgen, M., 2011. Total Phenolic Distribution of Juice, Peel, and Seed Extract of Four Pomogranate Cultivars. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 7:161-164.
  • Gündoğdu, M., Yılmaz, H., Canan, İ., 2015. Nar (Punica granatum L.) Çeşit ve Genotiplerin Fizikokimyasal Karakterizasyonu. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2):57-65.
  • Hajimahmoodi, M., Oveisi, M. R, Sadeghi, N., Jannat, B, Hajibabi, M., Farahani, E.,Akrami, M. R., Namdar, R., 2008. Antioxidant Properties of Peel and Pulp Hydro Extract in Ten Persian Pomegranate Cultivars. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 11-1600-1604.
  • Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M., 2007. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 4th edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  • Hertog, M.G.L., Bas Bueno-de Mesquita, H., Fehily, A.M., Sweetnam, P.M., Elwood, P.C., and Kromhout, D., 1996. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Cancer in the Caerphilly Study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarker and Prevention, 5:673-677.
  • Karaaslan, M., Vardin, H., Varlıklıöz, S., Yılmaz, M.F., 2014. Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of Turkish Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Accessions. International Journal of Food Science and Technologies, 49:82-90.
  • Liu, M., Li, X.Q., Weber, C., Lee, C.Y., Brown, J., Liu, R.H., 2002. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Raspberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50:2926-2930.
  • Liu, R.H., 2003. Health benefits of fruits and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combination of phytochemicals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78: 517- 520.
  • Mousavijenad, G., Emam-Djomeh, Z., Rezai, K., Khodaparast, M.H.H., 2009. Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds Their Effects on Antioxidant Activity in Pomegranate Juices of Eight Iranian Cultivars. Food Chemistry, 115:1274-1278.
  • Oyaizu, M., 1986. Studies on Product of Browning Reaction Prepared From Glucose Amine. Japanese Journal of Nutrition, 44:307-315.
  • Özden, M., Vardin, H., 2009. Şanlıurfa koşullarında yetiştirilen bazı şaraplık nar çeşitlerinin kalite ve fitokimyasal özellikleri. Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2): 21-27.
  • Özden, M., Özden, A. N., 2014. Farklı Renkteki Meyvelerin Toplam Antosiyanin, Toplam Fenolik Kapsamlarıyla Toplam Antioksidan Kapasitelerinin Karşılaştırılması. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 9(2):1-12.
  • Özgen, M., Durgac, C., Serce, S., and, Kaya, C., 2008. Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Pomegranate Cultivars Grown in The Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Food Chemistry, 111:703-706.
  • Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M., 1999. Spectrophotometric Quantitation of Antioxidant Capacity Through the Formation of a Phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific Application to the Determination of Vitamin E. Analitical Biochemistry, 269(2):337-341.
  • Sadeghi, N., Jannat, B., Oveisi, M. R., Hajimahmoodi, M., Photovat, M., 2009. Antioxidant Activity of Iranian Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seed Extracts. J.Agr.Sci.Tech. Vol.11:633-638.
  • SAS, 1995. SAS/STAT Users guide. Version 6.12. SAS Instutue, Cary North Carolina.
  • Slinkard, K. And Singleton, V.L., 1977. Total Phenol Analysis: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28:49-55.
  • TUİK, 2015. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. www.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul.
  • Tzulker, R., GlazerI., Bar-Ilan, I., Holland, D., Aviram, M., and Amir, R., 2007. Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenol Content, and Related Compounds in Different Fruit Juices and Homogenates Prepared from 29 Different Pomegranates Accessions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55:9559-9570.
  • Villano, D., Fernandez-Pachon, M., Moya, M., Troncoso, A., Garcia-Parrilla, M., 2007. Radical Scavenging Ability of Polyphenolic Compounds Towards DPPH Free Radical. Talanta, 71:230-235.
  • Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., Jianming, W., 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64:555-559.

Pomological, Phytochemical Properties and Antioxidant Capacities of Different Pomegranate Varieties (Punica granatum L.)

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 164 - 176, 19.06.2017

Abstract

Recently
pomegranate has drawn researchers’ attention because of its high amount of
phenolics and flavonoids content. In this study, it was aimed that
determination of phytochemical properties and antioxidant capacities of three
different pomegranate varieties (Suruç, Hicaznar, and Suruç Karası). In
addition to pomological measurements, total anthocyanins (TA), phenolics (TP),
and flavonoids contents and antioxidant capacities of ethanolic aril, peel, and
seed extracts were ascertained by the
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free
radical scavenging, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and
Phosphomolybdenum Mo(VI) methods.
While the difference between average fruit weights of Suruç (633.75 g) and Hicaznar (621.42 g) was not
significant, the average fruit weight of Suruç Karası (330.22 g) variety was
significantly dissimilar from the others. It was also found similar results in
the pomological properties measured. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of
ethanolic peel ekstract of cultivars were significantly higher in comparison
into total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanolic aril and seed extracts.
Ethanolic extract of the fruit parts scavenged DPPH free radical, reduced
Fe+3 ions to Fe+2,
and Mo(VI) to Mo(V) depend upon
TA, TP, and
flavonoid contents of the aril, peel, and seed ethanolic extract of the
cultivars. Based on the data set of the study, total phenolic and flavonoid
contents of the cultivars related with antioxidative properties were much more
significant than pomological properties or anthocyanin contents of peel, aril, and
seeds of pomegranate varieties assayed in the study.

References

  • Ardekani, M. R. S., Hajimahmoodi, M., Oveisi, M. R., Sadeghi, N., Jannat, B., Ranjbar, A. M., Gholam, N., Moridi T., 2011. Comparative Antioxidant Activity and Total Flavonoid Content of Persian Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Cultivars. Iran J Pharm Res. 2011 Summer; 10(3): 519–524.
  • Aydın, S.A, Üstün, F., 2007. Tanenler kimyasal Yapıları, Farmakolojik Etkileri, Analiz Yöntemleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 33(1): 21-31.
  • Blois, M.S. 1958. Antioxidant Determinations by the Use of a Stable Free Radical. Nature,18:1199-1200.
  • Cemeroğlu, B., 2007. Gıda Analizleri. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları No: 34. Ankara. 535 sayfa.
  • Çam, M., Hışıl, Y., Durma, G., 2009. Clasification of Eight Pomegranate Juices Based on Antioxidant Capacity Measured by Four Methods. Food Chemistry,112.721726.
  • Çetin, E.S., 2010. Asmada Hücre Süspansiyon Kültürleri ile Sekonder Metabolit Üretimi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi. 128 sayfa.
  • Elfalleh, W., Hannachi, H., Tlili, N., Yahia, Y., Nasri, N., Ferchichi, A. 2012. Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Pomegranate Peel, Seed, Leaf and Flower. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(32):4724-4730.
  • Gil, M.L., Tomas-Barberan, F.A., Hess-Pierce, B., Kader, A.A., 2002. Antioxidant Capacities, Phenolic Compounds, Carotenoids, and Vitamin C Contents of Nectarine, Peach, and Plum Cultivars from California. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 5:4976-4982.
  • Giusti, M. M., Wrolstad, R.E., 2001. Characterization and Measurement of Anthocyanins bu UV-visible Spectroscopy. In: Current Protokols in Food Analytical Chemistry; Wrolstad, R.E., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  • Gözlekçi, Ş., Saraçoğlu, O., Onursal, E., Özgen, M., 2011. Total Phenolic Distribution of Juice, Peel, and Seed Extract of Four Pomogranate Cultivars. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 7:161-164.
  • Gündoğdu, M., Yılmaz, H., Canan, İ., 2015. Nar (Punica granatum L.) Çeşit ve Genotiplerin Fizikokimyasal Karakterizasyonu. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2):57-65.
  • Hajimahmoodi, M., Oveisi, M. R, Sadeghi, N., Jannat, B, Hajibabi, M., Farahani, E.,Akrami, M. R., Namdar, R., 2008. Antioxidant Properties of Peel and Pulp Hydro Extract in Ten Persian Pomegranate Cultivars. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 11-1600-1604.
  • Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M., 2007. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 4th edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  • Hertog, M.G.L., Bas Bueno-de Mesquita, H., Fehily, A.M., Sweetnam, P.M., Elwood, P.C., and Kromhout, D., 1996. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Cancer in the Caerphilly Study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarker and Prevention, 5:673-677.
  • Karaaslan, M., Vardin, H., Varlıklıöz, S., Yılmaz, M.F., 2014. Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities of Turkish Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Accessions. International Journal of Food Science and Technologies, 49:82-90.
  • Liu, M., Li, X.Q., Weber, C., Lee, C.Y., Brown, J., Liu, R.H., 2002. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Raspberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50:2926-2930.
  • Liu, R.H., 2003. Health benefits of fruits and vegetables are from additive and synergistic combination of phytochemicals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78: 517- 520.
  • Mousavijenad, G., Emam-Djomeh, Z., Rezai, K., Khodaparast, M.H.H., 2009. Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds Their Effects on Antioxidant Activity in Pomegranate Juices of Eight Iranian Cultivars. Food Chemistry, 115:1274-1278.
  • Oyaizu, M., 1986. Studies on Product of Browning Reaction Prepared From Glucose Amine. Japanese Journal of Nutrition, 44:307-315.
  • Özden, M., Vardin, H., 2009. Şanlıurfa koşullarında yetiştirilen bazı şaraplık nar çeşitlerinin kalite ve fitokimyasal özellikleri. Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(2): 21-27.
  • Özden, M., Özden, A. N., 2014. Farklı Renkteki Meyvelerin Toplam Antosiyanin, Toplam Fenolik Kapsamlarıyla Toplam Antioksidan Kapasitelerinin Karşılaştırılması. Gıda Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 9(2):1-12.
  • Özgen, M., Durgac, C., Serce, S., and, Kaya, C., 2008. Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Pomegranate Cultivars Grown in The Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Food Chemistry, 111:703-706.
  • Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M., 1999. Spectrophotometric Quantitation of Antioxidant Capacity Through the Formation of a Phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific Application to the Determination of Vitamin E. Analitical Biochemistry, 269(2):337-341.
  • Sadeghi, N., Jannat, B., Oveisi, M. R., Hajimahmoodi, M., Photovat, M., 2009. Antioxidant Activity of Iranian Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seed Extracts. J.Agr.Sci.Tech. Vol.11:633-638.
  • SAS, 1995. SAS/STAT Users guide. Version 6.12. SAS Instutue, Cary North Carolina.
  • Slinkard, K. And Singleton, V.L., 1977. Total Phenol Analysis: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28:49-55.
  • TUİK, 2015. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. www.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul.
  • Tzulker, R., GlazerI., Bar-Ilan, I., Holland, D., Aviram, M., and Amir, R., 2007. Antioxidant Activity, Polyphenol Content, and Related Compounds in Different Fruit Juices and Homogenates Prepared from 29 Different Pomegranates Accessions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55:9559-9570.
  • Villano, D., Fernandez-Pachon, M., Moya, M., Troncoso, A., Garcia-Parrilla, M., 2007. Radical Scavenging Ability of Polyphenolic Compounds Towards DPPH Free Radical. Talanta, 71:230-235.
  • Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T., Jianming, W., 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64:555-559.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section dp
Authors

Aslı Neslihan Özden This is me

Bekir Erol Ak

Mustafa Özden

Publication Date June 19, 2017
Submission Date June 13, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özden, A. N., Ak, B. E., & Özden, M. (2017). Farklı Nar (Punica granatum L.) Çeşitlerinin Pomolojik, Fitokimyasal Özellikleri ve Antioksidan Kapasiteleri. Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 164-176.

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