Bitki Biyoteknolojisi’nde MikroRNA Tabanlı İnterferans Uygulamaları

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 227 - 238, 19.06.2017

Fatma Aydınoğlu , Gizem Aktuğ

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.321171

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bitki biyoteknolojisi, modern genetik mühendisliği
araçlarını kullanarak bitkilerin istenilen karakterlerinin iyileştirilmesini
amaçlar. Son yıllarda, protein kodlamayan küçük RNA’lardan olan mikroRNA
(miRNA) genlerinin yer aldığı, doğal gen ifadesini düzenleyici mekanizma olan
RNA interferans (RNAi), bitki geliştirilmesinde faydalı bir araç olarak önem
kazanmıştır. miRNA’ların, hemen hemen bütün biyolojik ve metabolik işlevde
anahtar düzenleyici role sahip oldukları ortaya konulmuştur. Hücresel yolakların
miRNA tabanlı RNAi ile manipüle edilmesi ile bitki yapısının değiştirilmesi,
abiyotik streslere toleransın ve biyotik streslere direncin geliştirilmesi,
bitkilerin besin değerlerince zenginleştirilmesi, meyve ve sebzelerde raf
ömrünün uzatılması ve sekonder metabolit üretiminin artırılması gibi daha pek
çok bitki biyoteknolojisi alanında başarılı örneklerin varlığı, bu teknolojinin
gelecek vaat eden bir araç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu derleme,
bitki miRNA genleri ve miRNA tabanlı RNAi teknolojisinin bitki
iyileştirilmesinde uygulamalarına dair son gelişmeleri sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Bitki biyoteknolojisi, miRNA, RNAi, Bitki iyileştirme

MicroRNA-Based Interference Applications in Plant Biotechnology

Abstract

Plant biotechnology aims to improve desirable characters
of plants by using modern genetic engineering tools. Recently, RNA interference
(RNAi), which is a natural sequence-specific gene expression regulatory
mechanism involving non-coding small RNAs like microRNA (miRNA), has gained
importance as a beneficial tool for crop improvement. MiRNAs are identified as the
key regulators in almost all biological and metabolic processes. Hereby, manipulating
miRNA-based RNAi pathways offer a promising tool in the presence of successful
applications on several fields of plant biotechnology, such as altering plant
architecture, improving abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance, enrichment
the nutritional value of plants, prolonging shelf life of fruits and
vegetables, enhancing secondary metabolite production.  This review aims to provide the latest updates
on plant miRNAs and applications of miRNA-based RNAi technology for crop
improvement.

Keywords

Plant biotechnology, miRNA, RNAi, Plant improvement

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