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Yemeklik Kültür Mantarı Üretim Alanlarında Görülen Genel Mantar Zararlıları ve Mücadelesi

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 4, 507 - 523, 20.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.319808

Abstract

Yenilebilir mantarlar besin içeriği bakımından
önemli bir gıda ürünüdür. Kültürü yapılan mantarlar içerisinde uzun yıllardır
en yaygın üretimi yapılan tür Agaricus
bisporus
’tur. Mantar yetiştiriciliğinde kalite ve kantite kayıplarına neden
olan önemli entomolojik, nematolojik ve akarolojik problemler söz konusudur.
Bunların başında sciarid, phorid ve cecid mantar sinekleri, küf akarı, kırmızıbiber
akarı, küçük mantar akarı ile nematodlardan Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey,
1958 ve Aphelenchoides composticola Franklin, 1957'dir. Bu zararlılar, hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı
olarak mantar yetiştiriciliğinde sorun oluşturmaktadırlar. Yenilebilir kültür
mantarı üretimi birbiri ardına yapılan aşamalarla gerçekleştiği için mantar
yetiştiriciliğinin her safhasında hijyenik önlemlerin alınması ve havalandırma
koşullarının uygunluğuna dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Diğer önemli bir husus
ise üretim materyallerinin uygun koşullarda pastörizasyonu ve
dezenfeksiyonudur. Bu koşulların uygun olmadığı yetiştirme döneminde,
zararlılar yoğun bir şekilde ortamda gelişebilmektedirler. Bu derlemede,
yemeklik kültür mantarı yetiştiriciliğinde üreticilerin en çok karşılaştığı
mantar zararlılarının tanınmaları, mantarda meydana getirdikleri zararlar ve mücadelelerine
yönelik çözüm önerileri ele alınmıştır.

References

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  • Clift, A.D., Terras, M.A., 1995. Mites as indicators of compost conditioning. En Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Elliot (de.) Rotterdam: 507-513.
  • Clift, A.D., Terras, M.A., 1996. Evaluation of fipronil for use against mushroom pests. Evaluate options for sustainable pest management in cultivated mushrooms, Final Report MU 206, NSW Agriculture Rydalmere, 14-19 p.
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  • Eren, E., Pekşen, A., 2016. Türkiye’ de kültür mantarı sektörünün durumu ve geleceğine bakış. Türk Tarım–Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(3): 189-196.
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  • Gitanjali, P., Nandal, S.N., 2001. Effect of neem products and dazomet for the management of Aphelenchoides composticola on white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) under semi-commercial conditions. Indian Journal of Nematology, 31: 52-57. Grewal, P.S., Sohni, H.S., 1988. A new and cheaper technique for rapid multiplication of Arthrobtrys conoides and its potential as a bio-nematicide in mushroom culture, India Current Science, 571: 44-46.
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Common Mushroom Pests in Edible Culture Mushroom Production Areas and Control

Year 2017, Volume: 21 Issue: 4, 507 - 523, 20.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.319808

Abstract



Edible
culture mushrooms are an important food in terms of nutritional content. Agaricus bisporus has been cultivated
species the most widely fungi in for many years. There are many significant entomological, nematological and
acarological problems that cause significant quality and quantitative losses in
mushroom production. Sciarid, phorid and cecid mushroom flies, mold mites, red
pepper mites, small mushroom mites and Ditylenchus
myceliophagus
Goodey and Aphelenchoides
composticola
Franklin as nematode are the most important pests in mushroom
production area. These pests cause significant yield losses in mushroom growth
both directly and indirectly. Since edible culture mushroom production has many
successive stages, it is necessary to take hygienic measures at every stage of
mushroom growing period and pay attention to the suitability of ventilation
conditions. In addition, another important issue; production materials using in
mushroom production period must be pasteurized and disinfected properly. During
the production season, when these conditions were not suitable, some pests may
develop intensively in the environment. In this compilation, it was discussed
the identification, damage symptoms of significant edible culture mushroom
pests and solution recommendations in their control.




References

  • Ağdacı, M., Işık, S.E., Erkel, I., 1990. Studies on nematodes damaging cultivated mushrooms in Marmara Region, Bahçe, 19(1-2): 11-16.
  • Ali O., Dunne, R., Brennan, P., 1999. Effectiveness of the predatory mite Hypoaspis miles (Acari: Mesostigmata: Hypoaspidae) in conjunction with pesticides for control of the mushroom fly Lycoriella solani (Diptera: Sciaridae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 23: 65–77.
  • Andreadis, S.S., Kevin, C.R., Bellicanta, G.S., Paley, K., Pecchia, J., Jenkins, N.E., 2016. Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana formulations against the fungus gnat Lycoriella ingenua. Biological Control, 103 (2016) 165–171.
  • Anonim, 2004. Pest and Disease Management. Mushroom Growers’ Handbook-Chapter 8. www.alohamedicinals.com Erişim tarihi: 06.06.2017.
  • Anonim, 2014. Pest control for hydroponics and aquaponics. https://aquagardening.com.au/ Erişim tarihi: 01:06.2017.
  • Anonim, 2015. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. www.tuik.gov.tr.
  • Anonim, 2017. Fauna Europaea: All European Animal Species Online. Museum Für Naturkunde, Berlin. https://fauna-eu.org. Erişim tarihi: 02.06.2017.
  • Baker, T., 2016. Entomological Notes. College of Agriculture Sciences, U.S. extension.psu.edu Erişim tarihi: 03.06.2017.
  • Binns, E.S., 1979. Biology and behaviour of Sciarid fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) in relation to swarming and migration. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 115:77-90.
  • Binns, E.S., 1980. Field and laboratory observations on the substrates of the mushroom fungus gnat Lycoriella auripila (Diptera: Sciaridae). Annals of Applied Biology, 96:143-152.
  • Bora, T., Özaktan, H., Yıldız, M., 1994. Marmara ve İç Anadolu bölgesinin bazı illerinde Kültür mantarı üretim evlerinde saptanan fungal ve bakteriyel hastalık etmenleri, TÜBİTAK-TOAG-789 Sayılı Proje Kesin Raporu (Yayınlanmamış Araştırma).
  • Cantelo, W.W, Henderson, D., Argauer, R.J., 1982. Variation in sensitivity of mushroom strains to diazinon compost treatment. Journal of Economic Entomology,75:123-125.
  • Carney, V.A., Diamond, J.C., Murphy, G.D., Marshall, D., 2002. The potential of Atheta coriaria Kraatz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), as a biological control agent for use in greenhouse crops. Bulletin OILB/SROP, 25, 37-40.
  • Cattlin, N., 2007. Red pepper mite (Pygmephorus sellnicki) on cultivated mushrooms .Visuals Unlimited, Inc. www.visualsunlimited.com. Erişim tarihi: 04.06.2017.
  • Clancy, G., 1981. Observations of mites associated with the low yielding crops of cultivated Agaricus bisporus in Australia. Mushroom Science, 11: 233-244.
  • Clift, A.D., 1979. The pest status and control of insects and mites associated with cultivated mushrooms in Australia. Mushroom Journal, 75: 113-116.
  • Clift, A.D., Terras, M.A., 1995. Mites as indicators of compost conditioning. En Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Elliot (de.) Rotterdam: 507-513.
  • Clift, A.D., Terras, M.A., 1996. Evaluation of fipronil for use against mushroom pests. Evaluate options for sustainable pest management in cultivated mushrooms, Final Report MU 206, NSW Agriculture Rydalmere, 14-19 p.
  • Cloyd, R.A., Dickinson, A., 2006. Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis and neonicotinoid insecticides on the fungus gnat Bradysia sp nr. coprophila (Lintner) (Lintner) (Diptera: Sciaridae). Pest Management Science, 62: 171-177.
  • Coles, P., 2002. Pennsylvania mushroom integrated pest management handbook. http://paipm.cas.psu.edu/365.htm Erişim tarihi: 05.06.2017.
  • Czajkowska M., 1984. Zadrowate (Phoridae), In: Fauna Pieczarkarni w Polsce (DMOCH J., Ed.). SGGW-AR, Warszawa, 70-73 p.
  • Çevik, T., 2011. Investigation of fumigant activity of some plant essential oils and their main components against mushroom Cecid flies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Master Thesis, Akdeniz University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Antalya, Turkey.
  • Disney, R.H.L., 1994. Scuttle flies: the Phoridae. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
  • Disney, R.H.L., 2008. Natural history of the scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris. Annual Review of Entomology, 53: 39-60.
  • Eren, E., Pekşen, A., 2016. Türkiye’ de kültür mantarı sektörünün durumu ve geleceğine bakış. Türk Tarım–Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(3): 189-196.
  • Erkal, S., Aksu, Ş., 2000. Türkiye’de kültür mantarı sektöründeki gelişmeler ve işletmelerin yapısal özellikleri. Türkiye 6. Yemeklik Mantar Kongresi, 55-68s.
  • Erkel, İ., 2004. Kocaeli ve çevresinde mantar üretim potansiyelinin saptanması. Türkiye 7. Yemeklik Mantar Kongresi, 22-24s.
  • Fletcher, J.T., White, P.Z., Qaze, R.H.,. 1989. Mushroom: Pest and Disease Control. Atheneaum press. Great Britain, pp. 174.
  • Fletcher, J.T., Gaze, R.H., 2008. Mushroom Pest and Disease Control: A Color Handbook. 1st Edition, Manson Publishing Ltd, London.
  • Fleurat Lessard, F., Nail P., 1978. Les acariens des champignonnieres et leur action sur les cultures. Proceedings of the 10th International Scientific Congress on the cultivation of edible fungi. Mushroom Science, 10 (2): 357-366.
  • Freire, R.A., de Moraes, G.J., Silva, E.S., Vaz, A.C., de Campos Castilho, R., 2007. Biological control of Bradysia matogrossensis (Diptera: Sciaridae) in mushroom cultivation with predatory mites. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 42: 87-93.
  • Gitanjali, P., Nandal, S.N., 2001. Effect of neem products and dazomet for the management of Aphelenchoides composticola on white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) under semi-commercial conditions. Indian Journal of Nematology, 31: 52-57. Grewal, P.S., Sohni, H.S., 1988. A new and cheaper technique for rapid multiplication of Arthrobtrys conoides and its potential as a bio-nematicide in mushroom culture, India Current Science, 571: 44-46.
  • Goodney, T., 1951. Soil and freshwater nematodes. London: Methuen CO.Ltd., UK., pp. 390.
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There are 85 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Derleme Makaleleri
Authors

Nurhan Öztürk

Esin Basım

Mehmet Mamay

Publication Date December 20, 2017
Submission Date June 7, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 21 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Öztürk, N., Basım, E., & Mamay, M. (2017). Yemeklik Kültür Mantarı Üretim Alanlarında Görülen Genel Mantar Zararlıları ve Mücadelesi. Harran Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(4), 507-523. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.319808

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