Kışlık buğday genotiplerinde konvansiyonel teknikler kullanılarak çizgili pas’ın warrior ırkı ve yerel popülasyonuna genetik bağışıklığın belirlenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 30 - 41, 24.03.2023

Emrah Koç , Emine Burcu Turgay , Fehmi Kozveren , Beyhan Akın

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1177052

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici’nin neden olduğu buğday çizgili pası, buğday’da (Triticum spp.) dikkate değer ürün kayıplarına neden olan önemli ve yıkıcı bir biyotik strestir. Çizgili pasa karşı dayanıklılık sağlayan önemli genlerin kırılma olasılığı ve yeni agresif ırkların ortaya çıkma tehdidi, dünyadaki tüm buğday yetiştirilen alanlarda endişe kaynağı olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle, ıslah programları ırk değişikliklerine karşı farklı gen kombinasyonlarına sahip yeni çeşitler geliştirmek için geniş genetik çeşitliliği taramaya devam etmelidir. Bu kapsamda, çeşitli ülke ve programlardan temin edilen 140 buğday genotipi, 2020 ve 2021 yetiştirme sezonlarında hem fide ve hem de ergin-bitki dönemlerinde çizgili pasa gösterdikleri reaksiyonlar bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu genotiplerin ergin-bitki evresi değerlendirmeleri, Ankara’daki Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’nün Haymana lokasyonunda PstS7 (Warrior) ırkının suni inokülasyonu altında ve İzmir’deki Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nün Menemen lokasyonunda çizgili pasın doğal olarak ortaya çıkan yerel popülasyonu altında yürütülmüştür. Fide dönemi testleri ise Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü, Hastalık ve Zararlılara Dayanıklılık Birimi’nde kontrollü koşullarda PstS7 ırkı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki lokasyonda da test edilen genotiplerin %80'inden fazlası ergin-bitki evresinde immun, dayanıklı ve orta derecede dayanıklı reaksiyonlar sergilerken, genotiplerin sadece %36.4'ü fide döneminde dayanıklılık reaksiyonları sergilemiştir. Genotiplerin enfeksiyon katsayıları (CI), her bir genotipin çizgili pas reaksiyonu ve hastalık şiddeti kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Genotiplerin CI’na göre sınıflandırılmasında 0 = immun; 0.1-5.0 = dayanıklı; 5.01-20.0 = orta dereceli dayanıklı; 20.1-40.0 = orta dereceli hassas; 40.1-100 = hassas skalası kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, her iki lokasyonda değerlendirilen 101 genotip (%72.1) hem PstS7 ırkına hem de yerel çizgili pas popülasyonuna karşı immun, dayanıklı ve orta dereceli dayanıklı bulunmuştur. Bu genotipler, geliştirilecek çeşitler için dayanıklılık gen kaynakları olarak önerilmiştir.

Keywords

Kışlık buğday, çizgili pas, dayanıklılık, warrior ırkı, yerel çizgili pas popülasyonu

Supporting Institution

Uluslararası Kışlık Buğday Geliştirme Programı (IWWIP)

Identification of genetic immunity to the warrior race and local population of stripe rust using conventional techniques in winter wheat genotypes

Abstract

Wheat stripe rust caused by the Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a major and devastating biotic stress inducing notable product losses in wheat (Triticum spp.). Possibility of the breakdown of important genes conferring resistance against to stripe rust and the threat of emergence of new aggressive races remain a concern in all wheat growing areas around the world. Therefore, breeding programs must continue screening of wide genetic diversity to improve new varieties with different gene combinations against race changes. Within this scope, 140 wheat genotypes obtained from various countries and programs were evaluated in terms of their reactions to stripe rust at both seedling and adult-plant stages in 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. The adult-plant stage evaluations of these genotypes were conducted under artificial inoculation of PstS7 (Warrior) race at Haymana location of Field Crops Central Research Institute in Ankara and under naturally occurring local stripe rust population at Menemen location of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute in Izmir. Whereas the seedling stage tests were carried out using the PstS7 race under controlled conditions at Pest and Disease Resistance Unit of the Field Crops Central Research Institute. More than 80% of the genotypes tested at both locations exhibited immune, resistant, and moderately resistant reactions at the adult-plant stage, while only 36.4% of the genotypes exhibited resistance reactions at the seedling stage. The coefficients of infection (CI) of the genotypes were calculated by using the stripe rust reaction and disease severity of each genotype. Following scales were used for classification of the genotypes based on the CI: 0 = Immune; 0.1-5.0 = Resistant; 5.01-20.0 = Moderately Resistant; 20.1-40.0 = Moderately Susceptible; 40.1-100 = Susceptible. In conclusion, 101 genotypes (72.1%) evaluated at both locations were found to be immune, resistant, and moderately resistant to both the PstS7 race and local stripe rust population. These genotypes have been proposed as resistance gene sources for cultivars to be developed.

Keywords

winter wheat, stripe rust, resistance, warrior race, local rust population

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