Pamuk bakteriyel yanıklık etmeni Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum’un izolasyonu, tanılanması ve farklı bitki uçucu yağlarının antibakteriyel etkinliğinin belirlenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 180 - 191, 21.06.2024

Soner Soylu , Merve Kara , Yusuf Gümüş , Emine Mine Soylu

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1434729

Abstract

Pamuk Türkiye’de geniş alanlarda üretimi yapılan önemli endüstri bitkilerin başında
gelir. Pamuk bakteriyel yanıklık hastalığı etmeni Xanthomonas citri subsp.
malvacearum (Syn. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum) tohum kökenli bir
patojendir. Bitki uçucu yağları tohum kökenli fitopatojen türlere karşı kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif olarak kullanım potansiyeline sahip doğal antimikrobiyal bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır ilinde 2023 yetiştirme sezonunda tipik hastalık belirtileri gösteren pamuk bitkilerinden X. citri subsp. malvacearum bakteriyel
etmenin izolasyonu, tanılanması ve 11 farklı tıbbi bitkiden (Thymus serpyllum, Origanum syriacum, Thymus syriacus, Origanum
onites, Cistus laden, Salvia aramiensis, Laurus nobilis, Hypericum perforatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum majorana ve
Thymbra spicata) elde edilen uçucu yağların antibakteriyel etkisi disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Tipik hastalık
belirtileri gösteren pamuk bitkilerinden izole edilen izolatlar biyokimyasal ve patojenite testleri ve MALDI-TOF ile tür düzeyinde
X. citri subsp. malvacearum olarak tanılanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan bitki uçucu yağları besi yerinde 6.33-46.33 mm çapında
engelleme zonu oluşturmak suretiyle bakteriyel etmene karşı antibakteriyel etkinlik göstermiştir. En etkili uçucun yağlar
sırasıyla T. serpyllum ve T. spicata (43.33 mm), O. syriacum (43.00 mm), T. syriacus (38.33 mm) ve O. onites (37.3 mm) olarak
belirlenmiştir. H. perforatum (9.67 mm), L. nobilis (9.0 mm) ve S. aramiensis (6.33 mm) bitki uçucu yağları hastalık etmene karşı
nispeten daha düşük oranlarda antibakteriyel etkinlik göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar Thymus spp., Thymbra spp. ve
Origanum spp.’ye ait bitki uçucu yağlarının tohum kökenli bitki patojeni bakteriyel hastalık etmenine karşı kimyasal
mücadeleye alternatif mücadele yöntemi olarak uygulanma potansiyeline sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

pamuk, bakteriyel yanıklık, Xanthomonas, uçucu yağ, antibakteriyel

Ethical Statement

Çalışmada herhangi bir şekilde anket uygulması yapılmamış, hayvansal denek kullanılmamıştır. Etik Kurul Kararına gerek duyulmamaktadır.

Isolation and identification of Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum, cotton bacterial blight disease agent and determination of the antibacterial activity of various plant essential oils

Abstract

Cotton is one of the most important industrial crops produced in large areas in Turkey.
Cotton bacterial blight disease agent Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Syn.
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum) is a seed-borne pathogen. Plant essential
oils are natural antimicrobial compounds that have the potential to be used as an
alternative to chemical control of seed-borne phytopathogens. In this study, the
bacterial pathogen X. citri subsp. malvacearum was isolated from cotton plants
showing typical disease symptoms during the 2023 growing season in Diyarbakır
provinces and the antibacterial effect of essential oils obtained from 11 different
medicinal plants (Thymus serpyllum, Origanum syriacum, Thymus syriacus, Origanum
onites, Cistus laden, Salvia aramiensis, Laurus nobilis, Hypericum perforatum,
Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum majorana and Thymbra spicata) were determined by
disk diffusion method. Bacterial isolates, obtained from cotton plants showing typical
disease symptoms, were identified as X. citri subsp. malvacearum by biochemical and
pathogenicity tests and also MALDI-TOF analysis. The essential oils used in the study
showed antibacterial activity against the bacterial agent by forming an inhibition zone
with a diameter of 6.33-46.33 mm in the nutrient media. T. serpyllum and T. spicata
(43.33 mm), O. syriacum (43.00 mm), T. syriacus (38.33 mm) and O. onites (37.3 mm),
were identified as the most effective essential oils respectively. The essential oils of H.
perforatum (9.67 mm), L. nobilis (9.0 mm) and S. aramiensis (6.33 mm) showed
relatively lower antibacterial activity against the disease agent. The results showed
that essential oils of Thymus spp., Thymbra spp. and Origanum spp. have the potential
to be used as an alternative to chemical control against seed-borne bacterial plant
pathogens.

Keywords

cotton, bacterial blight, Xanthomonas, essential oil, antibacterial

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