Evaluation of The Nematicidal Effects of Some Weed Leaf Extracts on The Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 500 - 507, 28.09.2024

Fatma Gül Göze Özdemir

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the toxicological potential of the methanol extract of creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.), greater plantain (Plantago major L.) and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) plant against Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and under controlled conditions on tomato. The study was conducted with four concentrations (125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) for each weed plant. The study was set up in a randomized trial design with 5 replications. In vitro, 1 ml of suspension containing 20 second stage juvenile (J2) ml-1 was added to petri dishes containing nine ml of extract, and after 48 hours, dead individuals were counted and the mortality rate was recorded. Five days after the nematode-sensitive Gülizar F1 tomato seedlings were transplanted into the pots under controlled conditions, nematode inoculation was carried out with 500 J2 in each pot. Twenty four hours after nematode inoculation, methanol extracts of the plants was applied to the soil at 30 ml/pot concentration. Fifty days later, galls and egg masses in the roots were counted. In vitro, the highest J2 mortality was found in all plants at 1000 ppm concentration. At this concentration, the mortality effect of creeping thistle (81.6%), milk thistle (85.4%) and jimsonweed (84.2%) plants on J2 was found to be higher than broadleaf plantain (67.8%). Under controlled conditions, no significant difference was detected in the average number of galls and egg masses on tomato roots between 1000 and 500 ppm concentrations. The lowest number of galls and egg masses was determined in milk thistle and jimsonweed applications, and over 80% suppressive effect was found. Consequently, the extract of milk thistle and jimsonweed can be used effectively in the control of root knot nematode.

Keywords

Methanol extract, Nematicidal effect, Milk thistle, Jimsonweed

Bazı yabancı otların yaprak ekstraklarının kök-ur nematodu Meloidogyne incognita üzerinde nematisidal etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, köygöçüren (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), deve dikeni (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.), sinir otu (Plantago major L.) ve şeytan elması (Datura stramonium)’nın metanol ekstraktının Meloidogyne incognita'ya karşı toksikolojik potansiyelini in vitro ve kontrollü koşullar altında domates üzerinde değerlendirmektir. Çalışma her bitki için dört konsantrasyon (125, 250, 500 ve 1000 ppm) ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde 5 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. İn vitroda dokuz ml ekstrakt içeren petrilere 20 adet ikinci dönem larva (L2) ml-1 içeren 1 ml süspansiyon eklenmiştir ve 48 saat sonra ölü bireyler sayılarak ölüm oranı kaydedilmiştir. Kontrollü koşullar altında yürütülen denemede nematoda hassas Gülizar F1 domates fideleri saksılara şaşırtıldıktan beş gün sonra her saksıya 500 L2 ile nematod inokulasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nematod inokulasyonundan 24 saat sonra bitkilerin metanol ekstraktı 30 ml/saksı konsantrasyonda olacak şekilde toprağa uygulanmıştır. Elli gün sonra köklerdeki gal ve yumurta paketleri sayılmıştır. İn vitroda en yüksek L2 mortalitesi tüm bitkilerde 1000 ppm konsantrasyonunda tespit edilmiştir. Bu konsantrasyonda köygöçüren (%81.6), deve dikeni (%85.4) ve şeytan elması (%84.2) bitkilerinin L2 üzerindeki öldürücü etkisi sinir otundan (%67.8) yüksek bulunmuştur. Kontrollü koşullar altında domates köklerinde gal ve yumurta paketi sayısı ortalamasında 1000 ve 500 ppm konsantrasyonları arasında önemli bir fark saptanmamıştır. En düşük gal ve yumurta paketi sayısı ise deve dikeni ve şeytan elması bitkilerinin uygulamalarında belirlenmiş ve %80’in üzerinde baskılayıcı etki bulunmuştur. Çalışmada deve dikeni ve şeytan elması ekstraktının kök-ur nematodunun kontrolünde etkili bir şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

Metanol ekstrakt, Nematisidal etki, Devedikeni, Şeytan elması

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