The determination of antifeedant effect of Neem Azal T/S on almond leaf bee Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller, 1766) (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) larvae

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 1 - 10

İnanç Özgen , Yunus Güral , İbrahim Koç , Aykut Topdemır

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1562850

Abstract

In this study, the antifeeding index (AFI) value of Neem Azal T/S plant extract against the larvae of the almond leaf bee Cimbex quadrimaculata Müller, 1766 (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) was determined under laboratory conditions. The leaf dipping method was employed, and the measurement concentrations were set at 0% (control), 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. The extract was applied to the 3rd and 4th larval period of the pest. The antifeeding indexes of different doses of the extract were calculated using both choice and non-choice methods, and the differences between the data were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The differences between the choice and non-choice methods were also statistically determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. As a result of the study, the highest AFI value in both larval stages was recorded for the 10% concentration in both choice and no-choice methods. The lowest AFI value was observed at the lowest concentration of 0.8% in both methods during the 4th larval stage of the pest. It was found that as the concentration of extract increased, the C. quadrimaculata larvae consumed fewer leaves. In conclusion, it was determined that the highest AFI values occurred at the of 8% and 10%, indicating that the effectiveness of Neem Azal T/S increased with increasing dosage.

Keywords

Neem Azal T/S, Cimbex quadrimaculata, Larvae, Maximum Antifeeding Index (AFI), Efficacy

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

118O124

Thanks

We would like to express our gratitude to our esteemed mentor, the late Dr. Errol HASSAN (Queensland University), for his continuous support throughout our study. We would also like to thank TÜBİTAK for their financial support through project number 118O124.

Neem Azal T/S’nin badem yaprak arısı, Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller, 1766) (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) larvaları üzerinde beslenme engelleyici etkisinin belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, badem yaprak arısı Cimbex quadrimaculata (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) larvalarına karşı Neem Azal T/S bitki ekstraktının laboratuvar koşullarında maksimum beslenme engelleyici indeks (AFI) değeri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, yaprak daldırma yöntemi uygulanmış ve ölçüm konsantrasyonları %0 (Kontrol), %0.8, %1.0, %1.2, %2, %4, %6, %8 ve %10 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ekstrakt, zararlının 3. ve 4. dönem larvalarına karşı uygulanmıştır. Ekstraktın farklı dozlarının anti beslenme indeksleri seçenekli ve seçeneksiz metoda göre hesaplanmış, veriler arasında farkın olup olmadığı Kruskal Wallis testi ile belirlenmiştir. Seçenekli ve seçeneksiz metotlar arasındaki farklar da istatistiki olarak Mann Whitney U testi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, her iki larva döneminde de seçenekli ve seçeneksiz metotlar içerisinde en yüksek AFI değeri % 10 konsantrasyon için kaydedilmiştir. En düşük AFI değeri ise iki metotta da her iki larva döneminde en düşük konsantrasyon olan %0.8’lik dozda ve ve zararlının 4. larva döneminde belirlenmiştir. Ekstraktın konsantrasyonu arttıkça, C. quadrimaculata larvalarının daha az yaprak tükettiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, en yüksek AFI değerlerinin %8 ile %10’luk dozlarda gerçekleştiği, Neem Azal T/S’ın doz artışıyla birlikte etkililiğinin arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Neem Azal T/S., Cimbex quadrimaculata, Larva, Maksimum beslenme engelleyici indeks (AFI), Etkinlik

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

118O124

References

• Arivoli, A. and S. Tennyson, 2013. Antifeedant activity, developmental indices andmorphogenetic variations of plant extracts against Spodoptera litura (Fab) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies; 1 (4): 87-96.
• Bolu, H., Özgen, İ., & Çınar, M. (2005). Dominancy of insect families and species recorded in almond orchards of Turkey. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 40(1-2), 145-157.
• Bolu, H. Distrtibution, Life History and Biology of Almond Sawfly (Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller, 1766), Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae). Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy. 2016;59:219-222.
• Charleston, D.S., Kafir, R., Vet L.E.M., & Dicke, M. (2005). Behavior response of diamond back moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to extract derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica. Bull. Entomol., 95, 457-465.
• Cura, M.S., & Gençer, N.S. (2009). Side Effects of Azadirachtin On Some Important Beneficial Insects in Laboratory. J. Biol. Environ. Sci. 13(37), 39-47.
• Durmuşoğlu, E., Karsavuran, Y., Özgen, İ., & Güncan, A. (2003). Effects of two different neem products on different stages of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Anzeiger fur Schadlinkskunde-Journal of Pest Science, 76, 151-154.
• Isman, M.B. (1999). Neem and related natural products. Method in biotechnology, biopesticides: use and delivery. Humana Press Inc., 5, 139-153.
• Koç, İ., Özgen, İ., Topdemır, A., & Güral, Y. (2024). Insecticidal effects of wood vinegars produced from organic wastes on harmful almond leaf bee Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller, 1766)(Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae). Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(1), 19-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1310493
• Nachar, N., 2013. The Mann-Whitney U: A test for Assessing Whether Two Independent Samples Come from the Same Distribution Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology. Vol 4 (1): 13-20.
• Park, B., Lee, S., Choi, W., Jeong, C., Song, C., & Cho, K. (2002). Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of piperonaline and piperoctadecalidine derived from dried fruits of Piper longum L. Crop Protection, 21, 249–251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00079-5
• Saxena, B.P., & Basit, A. (1982). Inhibition of oviposition by volatiles of certain plants and chemicals in the leafhopper Amrasca devastans (Distant). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 8, 329-38.
• Sharma, A., & Gupta, R. (2009). Biological activity of some plant extracts against Pieris brassicae (Linn.). J. Biopest, 2, 26-31.
• Özgen, İ., & Karsavuran, Y. (2011). The determination of effects of Neem Azal T.S and Neemix 4.5 on the Arboridia adanae (Dlabola, 1957) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 25(4), 15–20.
• Özgen, İ., Efe, M.Z., Hassan, E., & Karaman, E. (2021a). Utilization of pomegranate flower phenology in determining the pest management timing of Cimbex qaudrimaculata Müller, 1766 (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae). International Journal of Zoological and Entomological Letters, 1(1), 62-64.
• Özgen, İ., Topdemir, A., Baydoğan, G., & Karaman, E. (2021b). Population in almond sawfly Cimbex quadrimaculata Müller, Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae in two almond varieties in Diyarbakır and Elazığ Provinces, Turkey. Journal of Research (Science), 32(3-4), 61-65.
• Özgen, İ., Dioli, P., Koç, İ., & Topdemir, A. (2021). Some Heteroptera (Hemiptera) species that are potential natural enemies of Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller, 1766)(Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae). J. Het. Turk, 3(2), 151-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5717243
• Özgen, İ., Bolu, H., & Güral, Y. (2022a). Determination of almond saw fly (Cimbex quadrimaculata Müller, 1766, Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae)’s larval development time in controlled conditions. Acta Entomology and Zoology, 3(1), 26-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/27080013.2022.v3.i1a.59
• Özgen, İ., Danışman, T., & Baydoğan, G. (2022b). Spider species feeding on Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller, 1766) (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae). Acta Entomology and Zoology, 3(1), 01-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/27080013.2022.v3.i1a.47
• Whalon, M.E., Mota-Sanchez, D., & Hollingworth, R.M. (2008). Analysis of Global Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods (Eds: M.E. Whalon, D. Mota-Sanchez & R.M. Hollingworth, Global pesticide resistance in arthropods). MRM Graphics Ltd, Winslow, UK. 5-32.