Türkiye'de yetiştirilen üç sığır ırkında ADH1C ve FASN genlerinde allel ve genotip frekanslarının araştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 65 - 73

Eymen Demir

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1571065

Abstract

Et verimi ve kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi için aday genler temelli seleksiyon programlarının geliştirilmesi, artan insan nüfusu ile azalan çiftlik hayvanı populasyonu arasındaki mevcut ikilemi aşmak için etkili bir yaklaşımdır. Sığırlarda et verimi ve kalitesiyle ilişkili olduğu bilinen ADH1C ve FASN genleri Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK), Yerli Güney Sarısı (YGS) ve Siyah Alaca (SA) olarak bilinen ve Türkiye’de yetiştirilen üç farklı sığır ırkında incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, her ırktan 37 hayvan allel spesifik polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (AS-PZR) tekniğiyle genotiplendirilmiştir. Allel frekans dağılımı Türkiye yerli ırkları ile SA arasında önemli şekilde farklılık göstermiştir. ADH1C polimorfizmi bakımından C allel frekansı 0.014 (DAK) ile 0.311 (SA), T allel frekansı ise 0.689 (HF) ile 0.986 (DAK) aralığında değişmiştir. YGS ırkında C ve T allel frekansı sırasıyla 0.068 ve 0.932 olarak hesaplanmıştır. FASN gene polimorfizmi bakımından bütün populasyonlarda en çok görülen allel G bulunmuştur. En düşük (0.014) ve en yüksek (0.365) A allel frekansı sırasıyla DAK ve SA ırkında tespit edilirken, G allel frekansının 0.027 (DAK) ile 0.635 (SA) aralığında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Yerli ırklarla kıyaslandığında, SA ırkında daha fazla heterozigotluk belirlenmiştir. Toplam genetik varyasyonun büyük bir kısmı (%67) bireyler arasındaki farklılıktan kaynaklanmıştır. Genetik mesafe temelli filogenetik analiz yoluyla ADH1C and FASN genlerindeki varyasyonların yerli Anadolu sığırlarının SA ırkından olan farklılığını ortaya koymada yeterince bilgi verici olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. DAK ırkında ADH1C ve FASN genleri için arzu edilen genotipe sahip herhangi bir hayvan tespit edilemezken YGS ırkında AA genotipine sahip iki hayvanın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular mevcut durumda bu genlerin marker destekli seleksiyon (MDS) çalışmaları için etkili olmamakla birlikte uzun vadede uygun çiftleştirme programları sayesinde arzu edilen genotiplerin elde edilebileceğini göstermektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda, seleksiyon stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla Türkiye yerli sığır ırklarının et verimi ve kalitesiyle ilgili diğer özellikler açısından taranması üzerinde durulabilir.

Keywords

genetik varyant, ADH1C, AS-PZR, FASN, polimorfizm

Investigation on allele and genotype frequencies of ADH1C and FASN genes in three cattle breeds in Türkiye

Abstract

Improvement of selection programs based on candidate genes for meat yield and quality is an efficient approach for overcoming the current dilemma between the increasing human population and the decreasing population size of farm animals. Being known to be associated with meat yield and quality in cattle, ADH1C and FASN genes were investigated across three cattle breeds reared in Türkiye namely East Anatolian Red (EAR), South Anatolian Yellow (SAY), and Holstein Friesian (HF) in this study. For this purpose, 37 animals per breed were genotyped via the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) technique. The distribution of allele frequencies significantly differed between HF and native Turkish breeds. C allele frequency ranged from 0.014 (EAR) to 0.311 (HF) while T allele frequency varied between 0.689 (HF) and 0.986 (EAR) in ADH1C polymorphism. C and T allele frequencies were calculated as 0.068 and 0.932, respectively, in SAY breed. G was the most frequent allele across all cattle breeds regarding FASN gene variation. The lowest (0.014) and highest (0.365) A allele frequency were detected in EAR and HF breeds, respectively, while G allele frequency ranged from 0.027 (EAR) to 0.635 (HF). Compared to native breeds, HF had a higher heterozygosity. A large part of the total genetic variation (67%) was attributed to differences within individuals. Variations of ADH1C and FASN genes turned out to be informative enough to distinguish native Anatolian cattle breeds from HF via genetic distance-based phylogenetic analysis. No animals with superior genotypes for the ADH1C and FASN genes were observed in EAR, while two animals with AA genotype were detected for the FASN gene in the SAY breed. These findings imply that for the time being, these genes do not seem efficient for marker-assisted selection (MAS) studies while desired genotypes may be developed via suitable mating programs for long-term production. Further studies may focus on screening native Turkish cattle breeds regarding other meat yield and quality-related traits to develop selection strategies.

Keywords

genetic variant, ADH1C, AS-PCR, FASN, polymorphism

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