Studies on biology, ecology and control of Amaranthus retroflexus populations from Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 448 - 457, 24.09.2025

Khawar Jabran

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1665841

Abstract

Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) is one among the most common weeds that invade different cropping systems in Turkiye. This study investigated seed germination response of A. retroflexus to various environmental factors such as temperature, sodium chloride concentrations, light conditions, pH, osmotic stress and soil burial depth. Additionally, this research also investigated the potential of various post-emergence herbicides to control A. retroflexus. The germination test at the start of the experiments showed that seeds were non-dormant and viable, with 98% germination within three days. The highest germination percentage (98%) of A. retroflexus was achieved at a temperature of 25°C. Salinity exerted significantly negative effect on the germination and no seed germinated at 200 mM sodium chloride concentration. Similarly, osmotic potential also inhibited germination significantly and germination percentage was 18% or lower at -0.4 MPa or higher osmatic potential. Meanwhile, light had no significant effect on germination, and a soil depth of 0-4 cm was found as the most suitable for emergence of A. retroflexus. Among the post-emergence herbicides, clopyralid and 2,4-D proved the most effective to control A. retroflexus.

Keywords

moisture stress , germination , temperature , A. retroflexus , herbicide

Türkiye’deki Amaranthus retroflexus popülasyonlarının biyolojisi, ekolojisi ve mücadelesi üzerine çalışmalar

Abstract

Amaranthus retroflexus (L.), Türkiye'deki çeşitli ekim sistemlerini istila eden en yaygın yabancı otlardan biridir. Bu çalışma A. retroflexus'un tohumlarının çimlenmesinin sıcaklık, sodyum klorür konsantrasyonu, ışık koşulları, pH, ozmotik stres ve toprak gömülme derinliği gibi çeşitli çevresel faktörlere verdiği yanıtı araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, bu araştırmada A. retroflexus’un çeşitli çıkış sonrası herbisitlerle kontrol edilebilme potansiyeli de değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın başlangıcında yapılan çimlenme testi, kullanılan tohumların uyku halinde olmadığını ve canlı olduğunu göstermiş; tohumlar üç gün içinde %98 oranında çimlenme başarısı sağlamıştır. A. retroflexus tohumlarının maksimum çimlenme oranına (%98) 25°C sıcaklıkta ulaşıldığı belirlenmiştir. Tuzluluk, çimlenme üzerinde önemli ölçüde olumsuz bir etkisi yaratmış; 200 mM sodyum klorür konsantrasyonunda hiçbir tohum çimlenmemiştir. Benzer şekilde, ozmotik potansiyel de çimlenmeyi önemli ölçüde engellemiş; -0,4 MPa veya daha yüksek ozmatik potansiyellerde çimlenme oranı %18’in altında kalmıştır. Öte yandan, ışık koşullarının çimlenme üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir ve A. retroflexus tohumlarının çıkışı için en uygun toprak derinliği 0-4 cm aralığı olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çıkış sonrası yapılan herbisit uygulamaları arasında en etkili maddeler clopyralid ve 2,4-D olarak belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

su stresi , çimlenme , sıcaklık , A. retroflexus , herbisit

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