Gök Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) çeşidinde in vitro sürgün ve kök gelişimine farklı kalsiyum konsantrasyonlarının etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 577 - 589, 24.09.2025

Kevser Yazar

https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1735223

Abstract

Bu çalışma kapsamında, Gök Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) çeşidinde in vitro koşullarda farklı kalsiyum (CaCl₂·2H₂O) konsantrasyonlarının sürgün gelişimi, sürgün ucu nekrozu (STN) ve köklenme üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Birinci altkültür aşamasında, 1 mg L⁻¹ BAP uygulamasında sürgün oluşumunun teşvik edilmesine rağmen STN oranı yüksek bulunmuştur. 120, 180 ve 240.0 mg L⁻¹ CaCl₂·2H₂O içeren kültür ortamları ise; sürgün uzunluğu, boğum sayısı ve yaprak alanı gibi parametrelerde MS ve BAP ortamlarına göre anlamlı artış sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, 180 ve 240.0 mg L⁻¹ kalsiyum düzeylerinde STN oluşumu tamamen ortadan kalkmıştır. Hormon içermeyen MS0 ortamı ise tüm parametrelerde en düşük değerleri vermiştir. STN’nin baskılanması, Ca²⁺ iyonunun hücre duvarı stabilitesi ile plazma membranı bütünlüğünü koruyucu etkisiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bunun yanında, Ca²⁺ bitki fizyolojisinde önemli bir sinyal iletim elemanı olarak görev yapmakta ve özellikle oksin taşınımıyla ilişkili hormonal düzenlemeleri etkilemektedir. Köklenme aşamasında ise 240 mg L⁻¹ CaCl₂·2H₂O dozunda en yüksek kök ağırlığı elde edilmiş; bu da kalsiyumun kök dokularının gelişimi ve bütünlüğüne katkı sağladığını göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, kalsiyumun hem morfolojik hem de fizyolojik açıdan bitkicik kalitesini artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, 180–240 mg L⁻¹ CaCl₂·2H₂O içeren kültür ortamlarının sürgün gelişimini teşvik ederek, STN’yi azaltarak ve kök gelişimini destekleyerek asma mikroçoğaltımında verimliliği artırma potansiyeline sahip olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Gelecek çalışmalarda, farklı kalsiyum kaynaklarının ve uygulama stratejilerinin bitki doku kültürü süreçlerindeki rolünün daha kapsamlı biçimde değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Mikroçoğaltım , kalsiyum , sürgün ucu nekrozu , sürgün gelişimi , bitkicik kalitesi

Effects of different calcium concentrations on in vitro shoot and root development in Gök Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar

Abstract

In this study, the effects of different calcium (CaCl₂·2H₂O) concentrations on shoot development, shoot tip necrosis (STN), and rooting were investigated in the Gök Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar under in vitro conditions. During the first subculture, although shoot formation was promoted in the 1 mg L⁻¹ BAP treatment, the STN rate was found to be high. Culture media containing 120, 180 and 240.0 mg L⁻¹ CaCl₂·2H₂O provided significant increases in parameters such as shoot length, number of nodes and leaf area compared to MS and BAP media. In addition, STN formation was completely eliminated at 180 and 240.0 mg L⁻¹ calcium levels. The hormone-free MS0 medium gave the lowest values in all parameters. The suppression of STN was associated with the stabilizing effect of Ca²⁺ ions on the cell wall and the maintenance of plasma membrane integrity. In addition, Ca²⁺ plays an important role as a signaling element in plant physiology and influences hormonal regulations, particularly those related to auxin transport. During the rooting the highest root fresh weight was obtained with 240 mg L⁻¹ CaCl₂·2H₂O, indicating the contribution of calcium to root tissue development and integrity. The findings revealed that calcium enhances plantlet quality both morphologically and physiologically. Consequently, culture media enriched with 180–240 mg L⁻¹ CaCl₂·2H₂O have the potential to increase the efficiency of grapevine micropropagation by promoting shoot development, reducing STN, and supporting root formation. Further studies are recommended to comprehensively evaluate the roles of different calcium sources and application strategies in plant tissue culture.

Keywords

Micropropagation , calcium , shoot tip necrosis , shoot development , plantlet quality

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