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Kanatlı Beslemede Güncel Çalışmalar ve Gelecek için Öneriler

Year 2017, , 66 - 79, 23.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.333882

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, kanatlı besleme konusundaki son araştırmalar ile önerilebilecek yeni
besleme ve yemleme uygulamalarına 
değinilmiştir. Dünyadaki kanatlı besleme çalışmaları, moleküler genetik,
mikrobiyoloji, etoloji, immunoloji, histoloji, yem teknolojisi, farmakognozi,
nanoteknoloji, biyoteknoloji ve  gıda
bilimi gibi diğer bilim dalları ile disiplinler arası olarak yürütülmektedir. Kanatlı
beslemede mısır ve soya kullanımını azaltma yönünde çalışmalar  ile yeni ham madde arayışları devam etmektedir.
Peletleme işleminde enerji sarfiyatının azaltılması, pelet stabilitesi ve
kalitesinin artırılması,  nişasta içeriği
yüksek yemlerin ekspander veya ekstruder işleminden geçirilmesi, peletleme
işleminde buhar sıcaklığının arttırılması,  pastörize sıcaklık uygulaması ve çimlendirme çalışılan
konulardandır. Ul
tra iz minerallerin (lanthanium, cerium, praseodimium, neodimium)
kanatlılar üzerindeki etkileri çok az çalışılmıştır. P
robiyotikler,
prebiyotikler, organik asitler, antimikrobiyal ve antioksidant etkili bitkisel
ekstraktlar, sindirime yardımcı eksojen enzimler ve toksin bağlayıcılar pek çok
araştırmaya konu olmuştur ve olacaktır. Bu kapsamda; inülin, kitosan ve
kito-oligosakkaritler, lignoselüloz, 
fitaz, amilaz,  bütirik asit, bitkisel
ekstraktlar,  odun kömürü ve kuşburnu
tozu gibi katkıların kanatlılar üzerindeki olumlu etkileri rapor edilmiştir.
Meta analizleri ile etkilerinde devamlılığı saptanacak ülkemiz tıbbi ve
aromatik bitkilerinden yeni tescilli yem katkılarının üretilmesine yönelik
çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Verim performansının arttırılması ile birlikte tüketici
isteklerine  uygun yeni ürünler elde
etmek için; amino asit beslemesi, in ovo besleme, erken dönem beslemesi, üniformite
beslemesi, üreme beslemesi, sağlık
koruma beslemesi, sıcaklık stresininin olumsuz etkisini azaltıcı besleme, ürün
kalitesini iyileştirici besleme ve fonksiyonel gıda üretimi için besleme uygulamalarında
yoğunlaşılmıştır. Yemlerin hayvanlara veriliş şekli olan yemlemenin modern
metodları olarak da; seçmeli yemleme, tüm dane yemlemesi ve  grit yemlemesi hayvan refahını arttırma
yönünde halen üzerinde araştırılmaktadır. Yemlerin fiziksel, kimyasal ve
biyolojik analizlerinin yapılması, hızlı yem analiz yöntemlerinin analitik
olarak doğrulanarak kalibre edilmesi ve yaş analiz sonuçları ile uyumluluğunun
kontrolü, karma yemlerin daha doğru formüle edebilmesi ve hayvanların yeterli
ve dengeli bir şekilde beslenmeleri için oldukça önemlidir. Ülkemiz yem ham
maddelerinin besin madde komposizyonları ile kanatlı tür ve genotiplerinin
besin madde ihtiyaçlarını içeren ulusal bir veri bankasının oluşturulması, daha
doğru rasyon formülasyonları için elzemdir. Yem-gıda güvenliği bakımından izlenebilirliğin
üretim akış şemasının herhangi bir noktasından ilk, ara veya son üründen elde
edilecek örnekler bazında değerlendirilmesi için akredite olmuş laboratuvarlara
olan ihtiyaç,  Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık
Bakanlığı ve Gümrük ve Ticaret Bakanlığının ortak işbirliği ile hazırlanacak
alt yapı çalışmaları ile giderilmelidir. Sonuç olarak, gelecekte yürütülecek
çalışmalar; ekonomik kriterler, alternatif yem bitkilerin belirlenmesi ve kültüre
alınması, yeni yem katkılarının üretilmesi, sürdürülebilirlik ve ürün kalitesi
düzleminde yol almaya devam edecektir.  Ancak,
kanatlı besleme çalışmaları, teorik bilime ve pratik saha uygulamalarına katkı
sağlama yanında; ülkemiz gündemini sürekli meşgul eden GDO gibi tartışmalı
konuları aydınlatıcı, hayvan refahı, tüketici sağlığı ve ekolojik dengenin
korunmasına da katkı sağlayıcı olması beklenmektedir. 

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Year 2017, , 66 - 79, 23.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.333882

Abstract

References

  • Abbas, T.E.2013. The use of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 37: 492-496.
  • Abdollahi, M.R.2011.Influence of feed processing on the performance, nutrient utilisation and gut development of poultry and feed quality. PhD Thesis. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zelanda.
  • Adhikari, A.,Cosby,D.E., Cox,N.A., Kyun, W.K.2016.Effect of fructoligosaccharides on colonization of the ceca,liver/gall bladder, and ovary plus fecal shedding and ileum morphology in hens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Poult. Sci. 95 (E-Suppl. 1):3.
  • Adrizal, A., Syafwan, S., Noferdiman, N., Zubaida, S.,Pasaribu, T.M.2017. Energy and Protein Consumption and Utilization of Local Female Chicken Reared Under Semi-Scavenging System in the Tropics. Proceedings of the 21st European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition.
  • Ahmad, T., Sarwar, M. 2006. Dietary electrolit balance: implications in heat stressed broilers. W. Poult. Sci. J., 62:638-654.
  • Anonim, 2006. Feed and animal health. Ani. Feed Sci. and Tech. 126:173-174.
  • Backhouse, D. , Gous, R.M. 2006. Responses of adult broiler breeders to feding time. W. Poult. Sci. J., 62:269-281.
  • Baker, D.H.2009. Advances in protein–amino acid nutrition of poultry. Amino Acids 37:29–41.
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Details

Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Hasan Rüştü Kutlu

Ahmet Şahin

Publication Date December 23, 2017
Submission Date August 10, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

APA Kutlu, H. R., & Şahin, A. (2017). Kanatlı Beslemede Güncel Çalışmalar ve Gelecek için Öneriler. Journal of Animal Production, 58(2), 66-79. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.333882


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