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Yumurta Tavuğu Yetiştirme Sistemlerinde Refah Problemleri

Year 2014, , 38 - 42, 28.11.2014
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.363948

Abstract



Özellikle son yıllarda, çiftlik
hayvanları yetiştiriciliğinde hayvan refahı giderek önem kazanan güncel
konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Bu konu ilk kez 1822 yılında İngiltere’de
Hayvanları Koruma Birliği tarafından gündeme getirilmiş olup, dünya çapında
önem kazanmıştır. Diğer hayvancılık faaliyetlerinde olduğu gibi, sektör olarak
hızla büyüyen kanatlı hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde de hayvan refahı önemli bir
konudur. Günümüzde yumurta tavukçuluğunun büyük bir kısmının konvansiyonel
kafeslerde gerçekleştirilmesi, başta AB ülkeleri olmak üzere dünya genelinde
hayvan refahı açısından bir sorun olarak ele alınmaktadır. Kafeste
yetiştiriciliğin hayvanlar üzerindeki etkisi hareketsizlik, kafes yorgunluğu,
ayak ve bacak bozuklukları, kannibalizm, tüy yolma gibi stres, sağlık sorunları
ve olumsuz davranışlar olarak kendisini göstermektedir. Bununla beraber yumurta
tavukçuluğunda gaga kesimi, yetiştirme yoğunluğu, kullanılan yetiştirme
sistemi, aşılama, kümes içi çevresel koşullar, tüy dökme gibi birtakım bakım
yönetim uygulamaları da hayvanlarda strese neden olan faktörlerden
bazılarıdır.  Bu uygulamaların her biri
acı ve stres kaynağı olduğundan refahı bozan problemler olarak kabul
edilmiştir. Görülen bu olumsuzluklar yumurta veriminin düşmesine ve kalitesinin
azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Sektörün hızla gelişmesine paralel olarak
tüketicilerin doğanın korunması, doğayla dost üretimin yapılması, hayvan
hakları ve sağlıklı beslenme bilinci yönünde artan baskıları sonucunda hayvan
refahı giderek önem kazanmıştır. Yumurta tavukçuluğunda, refahın ön plana
alındığı, farklı bakım yönetim uygulamaları ile uygun çevresel koşulların
sağlandığı zenginleştirilmiş kafes sistemi, organik yetiştiricilik, serbest
dolaşımlı sistem gibi yeni yetiştirme sistemleri ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu
derlemede, yumurta tavuklarının hayvan refahını etkileyen bakım yönetim
uygulamaları ele alınmıştır. 



References

  • North Carolina layer performance and management test. Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
  • Appleby, M.C., Hughes, B.O., Elson, H,A. 1992. Poultry production systems: behaviour management and welfare, Wallingford, England.
  • Appleby, M.C. 2003. The European Union ban on conventional cages for laying hens: History and prospects. J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. 6: 103-121.
  • Baxter, M.R. 1994. The welfare problems of laying hens in battery cages. Veterinary Record. 134: 614-619.
  • Bell, D.D. 1995. A case study with laying hens. Proc. Animal Behaviour and the Design of Livestock and Poultry Sciences International Conference. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, pp.307-319.
  • Couch, J. R. 1955. Cage layer fatigue. Feed Age. 5: 55–57.
  • Dawkins, M.S., Donnelly, C.A., Jones, T.A. 2004. Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density. Nature. 427: 342–344.
  • Elson, H.A. 1985. The economics of poulttry welfare. In proceedings, Second Europen Symposium on Poultry Welfare, Celle, World’Poultry Sciences Association, pp. 244-253.
  • Estévez, I., Andersen, I.L., Nævdal, E. 2007. Group size, density and social dynamics in farm animals. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 103: 185–204.
  • Fidan, D.E. 2012. Türkiye’de çiftlik hayvanları ile ilgili refah uygulamaları. Animal Health, Production and Hygiene 1: 39-46.
  • Fiks-van Niekerk, T., De Jong, I. 2007. Mutilations in poultry in European production systems. Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen-UR. In: Lohmann Information. Vol. 42(1), Cuxhaven, Germany.
  • Gregory, N.G. Wilkins, L.J., Eleperuma, S.D., Ballantyne, A.J., Overfield, N.D. 1990. Broken bones in domestic fowls: Effects of husbundary system and stunning method in end-of-lay hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 31: 59-69.
  • Hocking, P.M., Channing, C.E., Robertson, G.W., Edmond, A., Jones, R.B. 2004. Between breed genetic variation for welfare-related behavioural traits in domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Behav.Sci. 89: 85-105.
  • Jendral, M.J., Korver, D.R., Church, J.S., Feddes, J.J.R. 2008. Bone mineral density and breaking strength of White Leghorns housed in conventional, modified, and commercially available colony battery cages. Poult. Sci. 87: 828–837.
  • Jensen, H.B. 2003. Effektivitetskontrollen. Beretning, pp.41-76.
  • Kaplan, S., Boztepe, S. 2011. Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Refah. Konya Ticaret Borsası Yayını, Adım Matbaacılık, Konya.
  • Lay, D.C., Fulton, R.M., Hester, P.Y., Karcher, D.M., Kjaer, J.B., Mench, J.A., Mullens, B.A., Newberry, R.C., Nicol, C.J., O’Sullivan, N.P., Porter, R.E. 2011. Hen welfare in different housing systems. Poultry Science 90: 278-294.
  • LayWel. 2006a. Welfare implications of changes in production systems for laying hens: Deliverable 7.1. Overall strengths and weaknesses of each defined housing system for laying hens, and detailingdetailing the overall welfare impact of each housing system http://www.laywel.eu/web/pdf/deliverable%2071%20welfare%20assessment. (Erişim 01.03.2014).
  • LayWel. 2006b. Welfare implications of changes in production systems for laying hens: Deliverable 5.4. Physiology and Stress Indicators. http://www.laywel.eu/web/pdf/deliverable%2054%20physiology.pdf. (Erişim 01.03.2010).
  • Mazzuco, H. 2007. A Brazilian perspective of layer welfare. Article by Rogieiro, G.T. da Cunha. World Poultry 23: 6.
  • Mench, J.A., Siegel, P.B. 1997. Poultry. In R.D. Reynnells, B.R. Eastwood, eds.Animal Welfare Issues Compendium, pp. 100-107.
  • Nicol, C.J., Caplen, G., Edgar, J., Browne, W.J. 2009. Associations between welfare indicators and envrionmental choice in laying hens. Anim. Behav. 78: 413-424.
  • Pedersen, S., Nonnenmann, M., Rautiainen, R., Demmers, T.G., Banhazi, T., Lyngbye, M. 2000. Dust in pig buildings. J. Agric. Saf. Health 6: 261-274.
  • Rolon, A., Buhr, R.J., Cunningham, D.L. 1993. Twenty-four-hour feed withdrawal and limited feeding as alternative methods for induction of molt in laying hens. Poultry Science 72: 776-785.
  • Ruszler, P.L. 1998. Health and husbandry considerations of induced molting. Poultry Science 77: 1789-1793.
  • Shini, S. 2003. Physiologic responses of laying hens to the alternative housing systems. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2: 357-360.
  • Tactacan, G.B., Guenter, W., Lewis, N.J., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J.C., House, J.D. 2009. Performance and welfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched cages. Poult. Sci. 88: 698–707.
  • Tauson, R. 2005. Management and housing systems for layers-effects on welfare and production. World’s Poultry Science Journal 61: 477-490.
  • Van Horne, P.L.M., Achterbosch, T.J. 2008. Animal welfare in poultry production systems: impact of EU standards on World trade. World’s Poultry Science Journal 64: 40-52.
  • Vits, A., Weitzenburger, D., Hamann, H., Distl, O. 2005. Production, egg quality, bone strength, claw length, and keel bone deformities of laying hens housed in furnished cages with different group sizes. Poult. Sci. 84: 1511–1519. Wang, G., Ekstrand, C., Svedberg, J. 1998. Wet litter and perches as risk factors for the development of foot pad dermatitis in floor housed hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 39: 191-197.
  • Webster, A. B. 2000. Behavior of White Leghorn laying hens after withdrawal of feed. Poult. Sci. 79: 192–200.
Year 2014, , 38 - 42, 28.11.2014
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.363948

Abstract

References

  • North Carolina layer performance and management test. Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
  • Appleby, M.C., Hughes, B.O., Elson, H,A. 1992. Poultry production systems: behaviour management and welfare, Wallingford, England.
  • Appleby, M.C. 2003. The European Union ban on conventional cages for laying hens: History and prospects. J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. 6: 103-121.
  • Baxter, M.R. 1994. The welfare problems of laying hens in battery cages. Veterinary Record. 134: 614-619.
  • Bell, D.D. 1995. A case study with laying hens. Proc. Animal Behaviour and the Design of Livestock and Poultry Sciences International Conference. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, pp.307-319.
  • Couch, J. R. 1955. Cage layer fatigue. Feed Age. 5: 55–57.
  • Dawkins, M.S., Donnelly, C.A., Jones, T.A. 2004. Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density. Nature. 427: 342–344.
  • Elson, H.A. 1985. The economics of poulttry welfare. In proceedings, Second Europen Symposium on Poultry Welfare, Celle, World’Poultry Sciences Association, pp. 244-253.
  • Estévez, I., Andersen, I.L., Nævdal, E. 2007. Group size, density and social dynamics in farm animals. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 103: 185–204.
  • Fidan, D.E. 2012. Türkiye’de çiftlik hayvanları ile ilgili refah uygulamaları. Animal Health, Production and Hygiene 1: 39-46.
  • Fiks-van Niekerk, T., De Jong, I. 2007. Mutilations in poultry in European production systems. Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen-UR. In: Lohmann Information. Vol. 42(1), Cuxhaven, Germany.
  • Gregory, N.G. Wilkins, L.J., Eleperuma, S.D., Ballantyne, A.J., Overfield, N.D. 1990. Broken bones in domestic fowls: Effects of husbundary system and stunning method in end-of-lay hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 31: 59-69.
  • Hocking, P.M., Channing, C.E., Robertson, G.W., Edmond, A., Jones, R.B. 2004. Between breed genetic variation for welfare-related behavioural traits in domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Behav.Sci. 89: 85-105.
  • Jendral, M.J., Korver, D.R., Church, J.S., Feddes, J.J.R. 2008. Bone mineral density and breaking strength of White Leghorns housed in conventional, modified, and commercially available colony battery cages. Poult. Sci. 87: 828–837.
  • Jensen, H.B. 2003. Effektivitetskontrollen. Beretning, pp.41-76.
  • Kaplan, S., Boztepe, S. 2011. Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Refah. Konya Ticaret Borsası Yayını, Adım Matbaacılık, Konya.
  • Lay, D.C., Fulton, R.M., Hester, P.Y., Karcher, D.M., Kjaer, J.B., Mench, J.A., Mullens, B.A., Newberry, R.C., Nicol, C.J., O’Sullivan, N.P., Porter, R.E. 2011. Hen welfare in different housing systems. Poultry Science 90: 278-294.
  • LayWel. 2006a. Welfare implications of changes in production systems for laying hens: Deliverable 7.1. Overall strengths and weaknesses of each defined housing system for laying hens, and detailingdetailing the overall welfare impact of each housing system http://www.laywel.eu/web/pdf/deliverable%2071%20welfare%20assessment. (Erişim 01.03.2014).
  • LayWel. 2006b. Welfare implications of changes in production systems for laying hens: Deliverable 5.4. Physiology and Stress Indicators. http://www.laywel.eu/web/pdf/deliverable%2054%20physiology.pdf. (Erişim 01.03.2010).
  • Mazzuco, H. 2007. A Brazilian perspective of layer welfare. Article by Rogieiro, G.T. da Cunha. World Poultry 23: 6.
  • Mench, J.A., Siegel, P.B. 1997. Poultry. In R.D. Reynnells, B.R. Eastwood, eds.Animal Welfare Issues Compendium, pp. 100-107.
  • Nicol, C.J., Caplen, G., Edgar, J., Browne, W.J. 2009. Associations between welfare indicators and envrionmental choice in laying hens. Anim. Behav. 78: 413-424.
  • Pedersen, S., Nonnenmann, M., Rautiainen, R., Demmers, T.G., Banhazi, T., Lyngbye, M. 2000. Dust in pig buildings. J. Agric. Saf. Health 6: 261-274.
  • Rolon, A., Buhr, R.J., Cunningham, D.L. 1993. Twenty-four-hour feed withdrawal and limited feeding as alternative methods for induction of molt in laying hens. Poultry Science 72: 776-785.
  • Ruszler, P.L. 1998. Health and husbandry considerations of induced molting. Poultry Science 77: 1789-1793.
  • Shini, S. 2003. Physiologic responses of laying hens to the alternative housing systems. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2: 357-360.
  • Tactacan, G.B., Guenter, W., Lewis, N.J., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J.C., House, J.D. 2009. Performance and welfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched cages. Poult. Sci. 88: 698–707.
  • Tauson, R. 2005. Management and housing systems for layers-effects on welfare and production. World’s Poultry Science Journal 61: 477-490.
  • Van Horne, P.L.M., Achterbosch, T.J. 2008. Animal welfare in poultry production systems: impact of EU standards on World trade. World’s Poultry Science Journal 64: 40-52.
  • Vits, A., Weitzenburger, D., Hamann, H., Distl, O. 2005. Production, egg quality, bone strength, claw length, and keel bone deformities of laying hens housed in furnished cages with different group sizes. Poult. Sci. 84: 1511–1519. Wang, G., Ekstrand, C., Svedberg, J. 1998. Wet litter and perches as risk factors for the development of foot pad dermatitis in floor housed hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 39: 191-197.
  • Webster, A. B. 2000. Behavior of White Leghorn laying hens after withdrawal of feed. Poult. Sci. 79: 192–200.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Arda Sözcü This is me

Emre Yılmaz This is me

Publication Date November 28, 2014
Submission Date August 28, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014

Cite

APA Sözcü, A., & Yılmaz, E. (2014). Yumurta Tavuğu Yetiştirme Sistemlerinde Refah Problemleri. Journal of Animal Production, 55(2), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.363948


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