Çalı Meralarının Keçiler İçin Önemi

Abstract

Bu derlemede çalı meralarının keçiler için besleme potansiyelinin ve bazı özel etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde özellikle keçilerin otlatılması amacıyla değerlendirilen çalı meraları çok sayıda farklı bitki türünü bir arada barındırmakta ve geniş bir alana yayılmaktadır. Çalı meralarını oluşturan bitki türlerinin besin madde bileşimi türe ve yetiştiği bölgeye göre farklılık göstermektedir. Çalılar genel olarak düşük protein ve yüksek selüloz içeriğine sahip türlerdir. Çalıların besleme potansiyeli, besin madde kompozisyonunun yanı sıra sekonder bileşik içeriği (tanenler, alkoloidler, saponinler, flavanoidler vb.) ve söz konusu bileşiklerin kimyasal yapısıyla ilişkilidir. Bahsi geçen sekonder bileşikler bitkideki seviyesine bağlı olarak tüketim düzeyini ve performansı olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Sekonder bileşiklerin olumsuz etkilerinin yanı sıra rumen fermentasyonu ve hayvan sağlığını içeren birçok olumlu etkisi de mevcuttur. Sonuç olarak çalılı mera alanlarının otlatma kapasiteleri belirlenerek, bu alanların sürdürülebilirlikleri garanti altına alınmalıdır. Bu tip meraların besleme açısından yetersizliklerinin söz konusu olduğu dönemlerde kullanılabilecek ek yemleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi ve organik hayvancılık açısından sahip olduğu potansiyelin değerlendirilmesine gereksinim bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

• sekonder bileşik,sürdürülebilirlik,parazit,Besin maddekompozisyonu,self-medikasyon

Importance of Shrublands for Goats

Abstract

This review aims to evaluate the shrublands for goats in terms of assessing their nutritive value and specific health promoting effects. Shrublands in Turkey are composed of a large number of plant species, and spread over a wide area throughout the country. The shrubs have generally low protein and high cellulose contents. The nutrient composition of shrubs varies heavily depending on species involved in the shrubland and their growing area. Their nutrient potential depends on chemical composition and the abundance of secondary metabolites (tanens, alkaloids, saponins, flavanoids, etc.). Depending on the concentrations of the secondary compounds in the plant, intake and animal performance may negatively be affected. Nevertheless, positive effects exerted by secondary plant metabolites in the shrubs, including those on rumen fermentation and animal health (e.g. anthelmintic effects), have repeatedly been reported. For a more sustainable shrubland management, it is essential to determine the grazing capacities and develop supplementary feeding strategies to be implemented in times of nutrient scarcity. An assessment of shrublands to be used in organic animal production will further contribute to sustainability.

Keywords

• Nutrient composition,secondary compound,sustainability,parasite,self-medication

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