Structural, Technical and Socio-Economic Analysis of Organic Milk Producing Farms

Abstract

The first of the main problem of today’s modern dairy cow are associated with reproduction. The early postpartum period after calving which is one of the physiological periods is the most sensitive and biological forced of cow. Adverse effects of udder and genital tract inflammations together with the type and shape of birth observed directly on reproductive performance in dairy cattle. The purpose of this study, to determine relationships between days open (DO), the interval from calving to first insemination (INTERVAL) and services per conception (SPC), and mastitis cases detected during the postpartum period in Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows. For this purpose, as research material was used 1778 lactation and reproduction records which consist of 28 twin births, 66 abortion and stillbirths and detected 135 clinical mastitis data in the first 60 days following the calving between 1998-2001 in Ceylanpınar Agriculture Farming. The interval from calving to first postpartum artificial insemination and services per conception was effected by clinical mastitis cases in the first 60 days after birth (P<0.001). According to result of contrast test, cows that did not have clinical mastitis first postpartum 20 day and between postpartum 2160 day had increased likely pregnancy at the first insemination ODDS: 1.255 (95 %- CI: 0.721- 2.183) and ODDS: 2.354 (95 %CI: 1.351- 4.101), compared with cows that had clinical mastitis same periods. Cows that had inseminated from calving to first postpartum 60 day had decreased likely of pregnancy at the first insemination (ODDS: 0.612 (95 %- CI: 0.504- 0.744) compared with cows insemination postpartum 60 day). High yield negatively affected reproductive performance (P<0.001). In order to keep within the limits of optimal criteria for reproductive performance in dairy cattle, in addition to managing a successful in the prenatal and post-natal period, especially for health of the udder and genital hygiene, principles of asepsis and antisepsis should be performed carefully.

Keywords

• Postpartum, mastitis, days open, services per conception.

Organik Süt Üreten İşletmelerin Yapısal, Teknik ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Analizleri

Abstract

Günümüz modern süt sığırcılığının önde gelen sorunları arasında üremeye ilişkin olanlar ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Doğum sonrası erken postpartum dönem, ineğin biyolojik olarak oldukça zorlandığı ve en duyarlı olduğu fizyolojik dönemlerinden birisidir. Süt sığırlarında doğum tipi ve şekli ile birlikte, söz konusu dönemde gelişen meme ve genital sistem yangılarının olumsuz etkileri, doğrudan üreme performansı üzerinde görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Siyah Alaca süt sığırlarında servis periyodu/ aşıma açık gün sayısı (SP), doğum- ilk tohumlama arasında geçen süre (İTGS) ve gebelik başına tohumlama sayısı (GBTS) gibi çeşitli döl verimi ölçütleri ile ineğe ilişkin makro çevre faktörleri ve doğum sonrası dönemde saptanan mastitis olgularının ilişkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, araştırmanın materyalini Ceylanpınar Tarım İşletmesi’nde yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca ineklere ait 1998- 2001 yılları arasında gerçekleşen 1778 adet laktasyon ve üreme kayıtları ile 28 adet ikiz doğum, 66 adet (abort + ölü doğum) ve doğumu takip eden ilk 60 günde saptanan 135 adet klinik mastitise ait bilgiler oluşturmuştur. Doğum sonrası ilk 60 gün içerisinde gelişen klinik mastitis olgularının, doğum- ilk tohumlama arası süre ve gebelik başına tohumlama sayısı üzerine etkili olduğu (P<0.001), kontrast test sonuçları ile bu dönemde klinik mastitis göstermeyen ineklerin, doğum sonrası ilk 20 gün ve 21- 60. günler arasında mastitis saptanan ineklere (referans düzey) oranla, tek tohumlamada gebe kalma olasılığının sırasıyla 1.255 (95 %- CI: 0.721- 2.183) ve 2.354 (95 %- CI: 1.351- 4.101) kat daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Postpartum dönem 60. günden önce tohumlanan ineklerde, daha geç tohumlananlara göre, ilk tohumlamada gebe kalma olasılığının daha düşük 0.612 (95 %- CI: 0.504- 0.744) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yüksek verim, incelenen üreme özelliklerini olumsuz etkilemiştir (P<0.001). Süt sığırlarında döl verimi ölçütlerinin optimal sınırlar içinde tutulabilmesi için, doğum öncesi ve sonrası dönemde başarılı bir yönetimin yanı sıra, başta meme ve genital sistem sağlığı açısından temizlik, hijyen ve dezenfeksiyon ilkeleri titizlikle yerine getirilmelidir.

Keywords

• Doğum sonrası dönem, mastitis, servis periyodu, gebelik başına tohumlama sayısı

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