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Alternatif Protein Kaynaklarının Hayvan Beslemede Kullanım Olanakları

Year 2018, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 51 - 58, 31.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.343285

Abstract

Dünyada ve
ülkemizde hayvansal kökenli yem hammaddelerinin kullanımının yasaklanmasına
bağlı olarak, karma yem sektöründe bitkisel kökenli proteince zengin kaynaklara
ağırlık verildiği görülmektedir. Ne var ki, bu kaynakların kısıtlı oluşu, yem
fiyatlarında artışa neden olurken, diğer yandan da mevcut stokların hızla
tükenmesine ve hammadde yetersizliğine yol açmıştır. Bundan dolayı, hem balık
unu gibi kullanımı kısıtlanan veya yasaklanan hammaddelerin yerini alabilecek
hem de soya fasulyesi, ayçiçeği küspesi gibi bitkisel orijinli kaynaklara
alternatif olabilecek, protein içeriği ve besleyici değeri yüksek, aynı zamanda
güvenilir yeni kaynak arayışı hız kazanmıştır. Alternatif proteince zengin
kaynakların bulunmasıyla hayvan beslemede protein açığının giderilmesi,
sürdürülebilir kaliteli yem hammadde tedariki ve çiftliklerde maliyetin
düşürülmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, yem hammaddesi potansiyeli
bulunan tek hücre proteinleri, yenilebilir böcek türleri, şeker pancarı, manyok
ürünleri ve bazı ağaç yapraklarının yem değerleri ile bunlara yönelik
çalışmalar hakkında bilgi vermektir.

References

  • Adedayo, M.R., Ajiboye, E.A., Akintunde, J.K., Odaibo, A. 2011. Single cell proteins: as nutritional enhancer. Pelagia Research Library. 2 (5):396-409.
  • Ak, İ., Uzatıcı, A. 2001. Şeker pancarı yapraklarının hayvan beslemede kullanımı. Atatürk Üniv. Zir. Fak. Derg. 32 (I): 95-99.
  • Akman, M. 1980. Tek hücre protein II THP elde edilişinde bakterilerin kullanışı, THP’nin bazı sakıncaları ve yurdumuzda yapılan çalışmalar. Mikrob. Bült. 14: 241-249.
  • Al-Kirshi, R.A., Alimon, A.R., Zulkifli, I., Sazili, A.Q., Zahari, W.M., Ivan, M. 2010, Utilization of mulberry leaf meal (Morus alba) as protein supplement in diets for laying hens. Italy Journal of Animal Science. 9: e51.
  • Alvarez, R., Enriquez, A. 1988. Nucleic acid reduction in yeast. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29:208-210.
  • Anonim, 2013. Orman atlası. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Orman Genel Müdürlüğü https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Yayinlar/Orman%20Atlasi.pdf
  • Anonim, 2014. https://www.forumforthefuture.org/project/protein-challenge-2040/overview
  • Anonim, 2015.Şeker pancarı ve yapraklarının hayvan beslemede kullanımı. https://www.tarimdanhaber.com/haber/tarim-ve-ziraat-bilgi-bankasi/seker-pancari-ve-yapraklarinin-hayvan-beslenmesinde-kullanimi//
  • Anonim, 2017. Potential sources of protein for animal feed: Insects. Dr.William Stiles: IBERS. https://businesswales.gov.wales/farmingconnect/sites/farming/files/technical_article_-_protein_inverts_final.pdf (E.T: 21.09.2017)
  • Aydın, S.A., Üstün, F. 2007. Tanenler kimyasal yapıları, farmakolojik etkileri, analiz yöntemleri. İstanbul Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 33 (1): 21-31.
  • Balagopalan, C. 2002. Cassava utilization in food, feed and industry. In: Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization. R.J. Hillocks, J.M. Tresh and A.C. Belloti (eds). CIAT. Colombia. 301-318.
  • Can, A., Denek, N., Yazgan, K. 2003. Şeker pancarı yaprağına değişik katkı maddeleri ilavesinin silaj kalitesi ile in vitro kuru madde sindirilebilirlik düzeylerine etkisi. YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg. 14 (2):26-29.
  • Canbolat, Ö. 2012. Determination of potential nutritive value of exotic tree leavs in Turkey. Kafkas Univ. Fak. Derg. 18 (3): 419- 423.
  • Charlton, A.J., Dickinson, M., Wakefield, M.E., Fitches, E., Kenis, M., Han, R., Zhu, F., Kone, N., Grant, M., Devic, E., Bruggeman, G., Prior, R., Smith, R. 2015. Exploring the chemical safety of fly larvae as a source of protein for animal feed. J of Insects as Food and Feed 1:7-16.
  • Çınar, H., Aral, S. 2012. Avrupa Birliği uyum sürecinde Türkiye’de tavuk unu kullanımına getirilecek yasaklamanın broyler entegrasyonları üzerinde ekonomik etki analizi. Vet. Hekim Der. Derg. 83(1): 15-25.
  • European Commission (EC), 2001. Council Regulation (EC) 999/2001 of 21 May 2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Official Journal of the European Communities L147: 1-40.
  • FAO, 2012. World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision, Rome.
  • FAO, 2013. Edible insects: Future prospects for food and feed security. Forestry paper, 171:1-154.
  • Garg, S.K., Batish, V.K., Akantan, S.N. 1980. Single cell protein as food and feed. Indian Dairyman. 32(8):615-617 pp.
  • Halloran, A., Roos, N., Eilenberg, J., Cerutti A., Bruun, S. 2016. Life cycle assessment of edible insects for food protein: a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 36(57): 1-13.
  • Hamdy, H.S. 2013. Production of mini-food by Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using orange peels. Romanian Biotechnological Letters.18(1):7929-7946.
  • Haşimoğlu, S., Aksoy, A. 1973. Ruminant hayvanlara yedirilen şeker pancarı yaprakları ve oksalik asit. III. Derlemeler. 69-77.
  • Huis, A.V. 2015. Edible insects contributing to food security? Agric & Food Secur. 4:20. DOI 10.1186/s40066-015-0041-5.
  • Hussein, M., Pillai, V.V., Goddard, J.M., Park, H.G., Kothapalli, K.S., Ross, D.A., Ketterings, Q.M., Brenna, J.T., Milstein, M.B., Marquis, H., Johnson, P.A., Nyrop, J.P., Selvaraj, V. 2017. Sustainable production of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae as a protein-rich feed ingredient by utilizing cattle manure. PLOS ONE 12:2. e0171708.
  • Israelidis, C.J. 2003. Nutrition – single cell protein, twenty years later.
  • Najib, H., Aleid, S.M., Al-Jasass, F.M., Hamad, S.H. 2014. Feeding value of single cell protein, produced from dates, for laying hens. Indian J. of Fundamental and Appl. Life Sci. 4(1):30-36.
  • İlkdoğan, U. 2008. Dünya ve Avrupa Birliği’nde yağlı tohum ticaretinde gelişmeler Türkiye bağlamında değerlendirme. AB Uzmanlık Tezi. 182s.
  • Kamalak, A., Hassan, K.G., Ameen, S.M., Zebari, H.M., Hasan, A.H., Aslan, F. 2015. Determination of chemical composition, potential nutritive value and methane emission of oak tree (quercus coccifera) leaves and nuts. Harran Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 4(1) 1-5.
  • Kaplan, M., Yıldız, G. 2012. Kanatlılarda protein ve amino asitlerin immun sistem üzerine etkisi. Mektup Ankara. 10(4):3-11.
  • Khajarern, S, Khajarern, JM. 1992. Use of cassava products in poultry feeding. In: Proceedings of roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in animal feeding. FAO, Rome. Khatun, R., Howlider, M.A.R., Rahman, M.M., Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahman, M.Z. 2003. Replacement of fish meal by silkworm pupae in broiler diets, Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 6(11): 955-958.
  • Köksal, O. 1980. Tek hücre proteinin (THP) insan beslenmesinde kullanılması. Gıda. 5(4):89-94.
  • Kutlu, H.R., Görgülü, M., Çelik, L.B. 2005. Genel Hayvan Besleme. Ders notu.166s.
  • Makkar, H.P.S., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., Ankers, P. 2014. State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Anim Feed Sci. and Tech. 197:1-33.
  • Maurer, V., Holinger, M., Amsler, Z, Früh, B., Wohlfahrt, J., Stamer, A., Leiber, F. 2016. Replacement of soybean cake by Hermetia illucens meal in diets for layers. J of Insects as Food and Feed. 2(2): 83-90.
  • McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A. 2010. “Animal nutrition”, Seventh Ed. Edinburg. 692p.
  • Morgan, N.T., Choct, M. 2016. Cassava: Nutrient composition and nutritive value in poultry diets. Review article. Animal Nutrition. (xxx):1-9 pp.
  • Mousa, M, 2011. Effect of feeding acacia as supplements on the nutrient digestion, growth performance, carcass traits and some blood constituents of awassi lambs under the conditions of North Sinai. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 5:102-117.
  • Murdiati, T.B., McSweeney, C.S., Lowry, J.B. 1992. Metabolism in sheep of gallic acid, tannic acid and hydrolysable tannin from Temninalia oblongata. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 43:1307-19.
  • Naila, Chand, I., Khan, R.U. 2014. Replacement of soybean meal with yeast single cell protein in broiler ration: the effect on performance traits. Pakistan J. Zool. 46(6):1753-1758.
  • Nasseri, A.T., Rasoul-Amini, S., Morowvat, M.H., GHasemi, Y. 2011. Single cell protein: production and process. American J of Food Tech. 6(2):103-106. Pretorius, Q. 2011. The evaluatıon of larvae of Musca Domestica (Commonhouse Fly) as protein source for broiler production. The degree of Master of Science in Agriculture (Animal Sciences) at Stellenbosch University. 95p.
  • Ravindran, V. 1993. Cassava leaves as animal feed: Potential and limitations. J. Sci. Food Agric. 41:45-53.
  • Seyidoğlu, N., Galip, N. 2013. Spirulina platensis’in hayvanlarda büyüme performansı ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkisi. Anim. Health Prod. and Hyg. 2(2) : 240 – 244.
  • Shahzad, M.A., Rajoka, M.I. 2011. Single cell protein production from aspergillus terreus and ıts evaluation in broiler chick. Int. J of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. 1(2):137-141.
  • Srividya, A.R., Vishnuvarthan, V.J., Murugappan, M., Dahake, P.G. 2013.Single cell protein-a review. IJPRS. 2(4):472-485.
  • Suman, G., Nupur, M., Anuradha, S., Pradeep, B. 2015. Single cell protein production: a review. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 4(9): 251-262.
  • Şenköylü, N. 2014. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de karma yem ve kanatlı sektörlerine genel bakış. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VIII. Teknik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı-2. 1053-1068 s. 12-16 Ocak. Ankara.
  • Tekeli, A. 2014. Hayvan beslemede alternatif protein kaynağı olarak böceklerin kullanımı. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bil. Derg. 1(4): 531–538.
  • Ukaegbu-Obi, K.M. 2016. Single cell protein: a resort to global protein challenge and waste management. J Microbiol Microb Technol 1(1):5.
  • Ünver, E., Okur, A.A., Tahtabiçen, E., Kara, B., Şamlı, H.E. 2014. Tanenler ve hayvan besleme üzerine etkileri. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bil ve Tek. Derg. 2(6): 263-267.
  • Van der Poel, A.F.B., Van Krimpenb, M., Veldkamp, T., Kwakkel, R.P. 2013. Unconventional protein sources for poultry feeding: opportunities and threats. Proceedings 19th Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany. August. 26(29):14-24.
  • Vasey, R.B., Powell, K.A. 1984. Single cell protein. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. 10(2): 285-311.
  • Veldkamp, T., van Duinkerken, G., van Huis, A., Lakemond, C. M. M., Ottevanger, E., Bosch, G., van Boekel, M. A. J. S. 2012. Insects as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets a feasibility study. Rapport 638 - Wageningen Livestock Research.
  • Ximena Valderrama L., René Anrique G., 2011. In sıtu rumen degradation kınetıcs of high-protein forage crops in temperate climates. Chilean Journal Of Agricultural Research 71(4):572-577.

Possible Usage of Alternative Protein Sources in Animal Nutrition

Year 2018, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 51 - 58, 31.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.343285

Abstract

Depending on
the prohibition to use animal-origin feed raw materials in the world and our
country, it has been seen that herbal origin and protein-rich resources are
mainly used in the mixed feed industry. However, since these resources are
limited, it causes an increase in the price of the feed and also paves the way
for rapid depletion of existing stocks and raw material insufficiency
. Therefore, the search for a new reliable
source, which has a high protein content and sustenance that can be an alternative
to the herbal-origin resources such as soya bean and sunflower meal and
replaces the prohibited or restricted raw materials such as fish meal has
gathered speed. It is aimed to meet the protein shortage in animal feeding,
sustainable qualified feedstuff raw material supply and decreasing the costs in
the farms by the discovery of alternative protein-rich resources.  The purpose of this review is to give
information about the research on the single-cell protein feedstuff, edible
insect species, sugar beet, cassava products and feedstuff values of some tree
leaves, which have a feedstuff raw material potential

References

  • Adedayo, M.R., Ajiboye, E.A., Akintunde, J.K., Odaibo, A. 2011. Single cell proteins: as nutritional enhancer. Pelagia Research Library. 2 (5):396-409.
  • Ak, İ., Uzatıcı, A. 2001. Şeker pancarı yapraklarının hayvan beslemede kullanımı. Atatürk Üniv. Zir. Fak. Derg. 32 (I): 95-99.
  • Akman, M. 1980. Tek hücre protein II THP elde edilişinde bakterilerin kullanışı, THP’nin bazı sakıncaları ve yurdumuzda yapılan çalışmalar. Mikrob. Bült. 14: 241-249.
  • Al-Kirshi, R.A., Alimon, A.R., Zulkifli, I., Sazili, A.Q., Zahari, W.M., Ivan, M. 2010, Utilization of mulberry leaf meal (Morus alba) as protein supplement in diets for laying hens. Italy Journal of Animal Science. 9: e51.
  • Alvarez, R., Enriquez, A. 1988. Nucleic acid reduction in yeast. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29:208-210.
  • Anonim, 2013. Orman atlası. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Orman Genel Müdürlüğü https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Yayinlar/Orman%20Atlasi.pdf
  • Anonim, 2014. https://www.forumforthefuture.org/project/protein-challenge-2040/overview
  • Anonim, 2015.Şeker pancarı ve yapraklarının hayvan beslemede kullanımı. https://www.tarimdanhaber.com/haber/tarim-ve-ziraat-bilgi-bankasi/seker-pancari-ve-yapraklarinin-hayvan-beslenmesinde-kullanimi//
  • Anonim, 2017. Potential sources of protein for animal feed: Insects. Dr.William Stiles: IBERS. https://businesswales.gov.wales/farmingconnect/sites/farming/files/technical_article_-_protein_inverts_final.pdf (E.T: 21.09.2017)
  • Aydın, S.A., Üstün, F. 2007. Tanenler kimyasal yapıları, farmakolojik etkileri, analiz yöntemleri. İstanbul Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 33 (1): 21-31.
  • Balagopalan, C. 2002. Cassava utilization in food, feed and industry. In: Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization. R.J. Hillocks, J.M. Tresh and A.C. Belloti (eds). CIAT. Colombia. 301-318.
  • Can, A., Denek, N., Yazgan, K. 2003. Şeker pancarı yaprağına değişik katkı maddeleri ilavesinin silaj kalitesi ile in vitro kuru madde sindirilebilirlik düzeylerine etkisi. YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg. 14 (2):26-29.
  • Canbolat, Ö. 2012. Determination of potential nutritive value of exotic tree leavs in Turkey. Kafkas Univ. Fak. Derg. 18 (3): 419- 423.
  • Charlton, A.J., Dickinson, M., Wakefield, M.E., Fitches, E., Kenis, M., Han, R., Zhu, F., Kone, N., Grant, M., Devic, E., Bruggeman, G., Prior, R., Smith, R. 2015. Exploring the chemical safety of fly larvae as a source of protein for animal feed. J of Insects as Food and Feed 1:7-16.
  • Çınar, H., Aral, S. 2012. Avrupa Birliği uyum sürecinde Türkiye’de tavuk unu kullanımına getirilecek yasaklamanın broyler entegrasyonları üzerinde ekonomik etki analizi. Vet. Hekim Der. Derg. 83(1): 15-25.
  • European Commission (EC), 2001. Council Regulation (EC) 999/2001 of 21 May 2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Official Journal of the European Communities L147: 1-40.
  • FAO, 2012. World agriculture towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision, Rome.
  • FAO, 2013. Edible insects: Future prospects for food and feed security. Forestry paper, 171:1-154.
  • Garg, S.K., Batish, V.K., Akantan, S.N. 1980. Single cell protein as food and feed. Indian Dairyman. 32(8):615-617 pp.
  • Halloran, A., Roos, N., Eilenberg, J., Cerutti A., Bruun, S. 2016. Life cycle assessment of edible insects for food protein: a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 36(57): 1-13.
  • Hamdy, H.S. 2013. Production of mini-food by Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using orange peels. Romanian Biotechnological Letters.18(1):7929-7946.
  • Haşimoğlu, S., Aksoy, A. 1973. Ruminant hayvanlara yedirilen şeker pancarı yaprakları ve oksalik asit. III. Derlemeler. 69-77.
  • Huis, A.V. 2015. Edible insects contributing to food security? Agric & Food Secur. 4:20. DOI 10.1186/s40066-015-0041-5.
  • Hussein, M., Pillai, V.V., Goddard, J.M., Park, H.G., Kothapalli, K.S., Ross, D.A., Ketterings, Q.M., Brenna, J.T., Milstein, M.B., Marquis, H., Johnson, P.A., Nyrop, J.P., Selvaraj, V. 2017. Sustainable production of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae as a protein-rich feed ingredient by utilizing cattle manure. PLOS ONE 12:2. e0171708.
  • Israelidis, C.J. 2003. Nutrition – single cell protein, twenty years later.
  • Najib, H., Aleid, S.M., Al-Jasass, F.M., Hamad, S.H. 2014. Feeding value of single cell protein, produced from dates, for laying hens. Indian J. of Fundamental and Appl. Life Sci. 4(1):30-36.
  • İlkdoğan, U. 2008. Dünya ve Avrupa Birliği’nde yağlı tohum ticaretinde gelişmeler Türkiye bağlamında değerlendirme. AB Uzmanlık Tezi. 182s.
  • Kamalak, A., Hassan, K.G., Ameen, S.M., Zebari, H.M., Hasan, A.H., Aslan, F. 2015. Determination of chemical composition, potential nutritive value and methane emission of oak tree (quercus coccifera) leaves and nuts. Harran Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 4(1) 1-5.
  • Kaplan, M., Yıldız, G. 2012. Kanatlılarda protein ve amino asitlerin immun sistem üzerine etkisi. Mektup Ankara. 10(4):3-11.
  • Khajarern, S, Khajarern, JM. 1992. Use of cassava products in poultry feeding. In: Proceedings of roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in animal feeding. FAO, Rome. Khatun, R., Howlider, M.A.R., Rahman, M.M., Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahman, M.Z. 2003. Replacement of fish meal by silkworm pupae in broiler diets, Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 6(11): 955-958.
  • Köksal, O. 1980. Tek hücre proteinin (THP) insan beslenmesinde kullanılması. Gıda. 5(4):89-94.
  • Kutlu, H.R., Görgülü, M., Çelik, L.B. 2005. Genel Hayvan Besleme. Ders notu.166s.
  • Makkar, H.P.S., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., Ankers, P. 2014. State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Anim Feed Sci. and Tech. 197:1-33.
  • Maurer, V., Holinger, M., Amsler, Z, Früh, B., Wohlfahrt, J., Stamer, A., Leiber, F. 2016. Replacement of soybean cake by Hermetia illucens meal in diets for layers. J of Insects as Food and Feed. 2(2): 83-90.
  • McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D., Morgan, C.A. 2010. “Animal nutrition”, Seventh Ed. Edinburg. 692p.
  • Morgan, N.T., Choct, M. 2016. Cassava: Nutrient composition and nutritive value in poultry diets. Review article. Animal Nutrition. (xxx):1-9 pp.
  • Mousa, M, 2011. Effect of feeding acacia as supplements on the nutrient digestion, growth performance, carcass traits and some blood constituents of awassi lambs under the conditions of North Sinai. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 5:102-117.
  • Murdiati, T.B., McSweeney, C.S., Lowry, J.B. 1992. Metabolism in sheep of gallic acid, tannic acid and hydrolysable tannin from Temninalia oblongata. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 43:1307-19.
  • Naila, Chand, I., Khan, R.U. 2014. Replacement of soybean meal with yeast single cell protein in broiler ration: the effect on performance traits. Pakistan J. Zool. 46(6):1753-1758.
  • Nasseri, A.T., Rasoul-Amini, S., Morowvat, M.H., GHasemi, Y. 2011. Single cell protein: production and process. American J of Food Tech. 6(2):103-106. Pretorius, Q. 2011. The evaluatıon of larvae of Musca Domestica (Commonhouse Fly) as protein source for broiler production. The degree of Master of Science in Agriculture (Animal Sciences) at Stellenbosch University. 95p.
  • Ravindran, V. 1993. Cassava leaves as animal feed: Potential and limitations. J. Sci. Food Agric. 41:45-53.
  • Seyidoğlu, N., Galip, N. 2013. Spirulina platensis’in hayvanlarda büyüme performansı ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerine etkisi. Anim. Health Prod. and Hyg. 2(2) : 240 – 244.
  • Shahzad, M.A., Rajoka, M.I. 2011. Single cell protein production from aspergillus terreus and ıts evaluation in broiler chick. Int. J of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. 1(2):137-141.
  • Srividya, A.R., Vishnuvarthan, V.J., Murugappan, M., Dahake, P.G. 2013.Single cell protein-a review. IJPRS. 2(4):472-485.
  • Suman, G., Nupur, M., Anuradha, S., Pradeep, B. 2015. Single cell protein production: a review. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 4(9): 251-262.
  • Şenköylü, N. 2014. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de karma yem ve kanatlı sektörlerine genel bakış. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VIII. Teknik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı-2. 1053-1068 s. 12-16 Ocak. Ankara.
  • Tekeli, A. 2014. Hayvan beslemede alternatif protein kaynağı olarak böceklerin kullanımı. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bil. Derg. 1(4): 531–538.
  • Ukaegbu-Obi, K.M. 2016. Single cell protein: a resort to global protein challenge and waste management. J Microbiol Microb Technol 1(1):5.
  • Ünver, E., Okur, A.A., Tahtabiçen, E., Kara, B., Şamlı, H.E. 2014. Tanenler ve hayvan besleme üzerine etkileri. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bil ve Tek. Derg. 2(6): 263-267.
  • Van der Poel, A.F.B., Van Krimpenb, M., Veldkamp, T., Kwakkel, R.P. 2013. Unconventional protein sources for poultry feeding: opportunities and threats. Proceedings 19th Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany. August. 26(29):14-24.
  • Vasey, R.B., Powell, K.A. 1984. Single cell protein. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. 10(2): 285-311.
  • Veldkamp, T., van Duinkerken, G., van Huis, A., Lakemond, C. M. M., Ottevanger, E., Bosch, G., van Boekel, M. A. J. S. 2012. Insects as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets a feasibility study. Rapport 638 - Wageningen Livestock Research.
  • Ximena Valderrama L., René Anrique G., 2011. In sıtu rumen degradation kınetıcs of high-protein forage crops in temperate climates. Chilean Journal Of Agricultural Research 71(4):572-577.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Hasan Hüseyin İpçak

Sema Özüretmen This is me

Ahmet Alçiçek

Hülya Özelçam

Publication Date July 31, 2018
Submission Date October 13, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 59 Issue: 1

Cite

APA İpçak, H. H., Özüretmen, S., Alçiçek, A., Özelçam, H. (2018). Alternatif Protein Kaynaklarının Hayvan Beslemede Kullanım Olanakları. Journal of Animal Production, 59(1), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.343285


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