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Comparison of Weigh-Suckle-Weigh (WSW) and Hand Milking (HM) Methods for Measuring Milk Yield and Composition in Dairy Goats

Year 2019, Volume: 60 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 28.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.500069

Abstract

Objective: The effect of two different methods on milk production and composition in the suckling period of dairy goats was investigated.


Material and Methods: The study was carried out with 8 Turkish Saanen goats 4-5 years old and 8 goat-kids (3 Female; 5 Male). In this study, the mean of 47.5±0.50 days old and female goat-kids with live weight of 12.9±1.36 kg and male goat-kids live weight of 16.0±1.06 kg were used. Milk production was measured by the weigh-suckle-weigh (WSW) + hand milking method and hand milking (HM)-only method. Samples were collected from each goat and analyzed in the laboratory.


Results: Results indicated that little more milk was obtained from the WSW method than HM (P=0.0777). The amount of milk was measured in the goats during the morning milking period when the goats and goat-kids had been separated for 14 hours (P<0.0001). While milk content was higher using WSW than the HM method, other milk components were higher with the HM method (P≤0.05). Higher fat in the milk was obtained from WSW because of residual milk in the breast. The mean of aged 47-60 days goat-kids suckled 880 g milk/goat-kid per period in study. The goat-kids suckled significantly more in the morning than evening, and males more than females (P≤0.05).


Conclusion: The selection of milk production method can be made from either WSW or HM, according to farm conditions. However, it can be said that a variety of factors, such as age, gender, type of labor, duration of separation from mother, lactation time and labor, may influence the amount of milk suckled by the goat-kids.

References

  • Aboul-Naga AM, El-Shobokshy AS, Moustafa MA, 1981. Milk production from subtropical non-dairy sheep. 2. Method of measuring. J Agric. Sci., 97(2): 303-308.
  • Atasoglu C, Akbağ HI, Tölü C, Daş G, Savaş T, Yurtman IY, 2010. Effects of kefir as a probiotic source on the performance of goat kids. S Afr. J Anim. Sci., 40: 363-370.
  • Baker IA, Dosky KN, Alkass JEA, 2009. Milk yield and composition of Karadi ewes with the special reference to the method of evacuation. J. Duhok Univ. 12 (1): 210-215.
  • Banda JW, Steinbach J, Zerfas HP, 1992. Composition and yield of milk from non-dairy goats and sheep in Malawi. http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x5520B/x5520b1b.htm (13.11.2018).
  • Belcher CG, Frahm RR, Belcher DR., Bennett EN, 1980. Comparison of machine milkout and calf nursing techniques for estimating milk yields of various two-breed cross range cows. Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Sta. Ani. Sci. Res. Rep. MP-107:6.
  • Benson ME, Henry MJ, Cardellino RA, 1999. Comparison of weigh-suckle-weigh and machine milking for measuring ewe milk production. J. Anim. Sci., 77: 2330-2335.
  • Doney JM, Peart JN, Smith WF, Louda F, 1979. A consideration of the techniques for estimation of milk yield by suckled sheep and a comparison of estimates obtained by two methods in relation to the effect of breed, level of production and stage of lactation. J Agric. Sci., 92(1): 123-132.
  • FAO, 2018. Gateway to dairy production and products: Dairy animals http://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/production/dairy-animals/en/ (21.11.2018) Högberg M, Dahlborn K, Hybring-Sandberg E, Hartmann E, Andren A, 2016. Milk processing quality of suckled/milked goats: effects of milk accumulation interval and milking regime. J Dairy Res., 83: 173-179.
  • Irina Peniche G, Luis Sarmiento F, Ronald Santos R, 2015. Estimation of milk production in hair ewes by two methods of measurement. Rev. MVZ Córdoba 20(2): 4629-4635.
  • Natzke RP, Schultz LH, 1966. Effect of oxytocin ınjections on mastiffs-screening tests and milk composition. J Dairy Sci., 50(1): 43-46.
  • Ochepo GO, Ayoade JA, Attah S, Adenkola AY, 2015. Effect of breed and method of milking on yield and composition of sheep milk. Schol. J Agricul. Sci., 5(7): 232-235.
  • Pala A, Savaş T, 2005. Persistency within and between lactations in morning, evening and daily test day milk in dairy goats. Arch. Anim. Breed., 48: 396-403.
  • Papachristoforu C, 1990. The effects of milking method and post-milking suckling on ewe milk production and lamb growth. Ann. Zootech., 39: 1-8.
  • Salama AAK, Caja G, Such X, Peris S, Sorensen A, Knight CH, 2004. Changes in cisternal udder compartment induced by milking interval in dairy goats milked once- or twice-daily. J. Dairy Sci., 87: 1181-1187.
  • Sanz Sampelayo MR, Allegretti L, Gil Exremera F, Boza J, 2003. Growth, body composition and energy utilization in pre-ruminant goat kids Effect of dry matter concentration in the milk replacer and animal age. Small Rumin. Res., 49: 61-67.
  • SAS, 1999. SAS/STAT User's Guide: Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  • Savaş T, 2007. Oğlak büyütme: Sorunlu noktalar üzerinde bir değerlendirme. Hayvansal Üretim, 48(1): 44-53.
  • Tancin V, Bruckmaier RM, 2001. Factors affecting milk ejection and removal druing milking and suckling of dairy cows. Vet. Med.– Czech, 4: 108-118.
  • Torres A, Capote J, Argüello A, Sánchez-Macías D, Morales-delaNuez A, Castro N, 2014. Effects of oxytocin treatments on milk ejection in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day. Small Rumin. Res., 120: 231-233.
  • Tölü C, Irmak S, Açıkel Ş, Akbağ HI, Savaş T, 2016. Türk Saanen keçilerinde elle sağım ile makinalı sağımın süt verimi, süt bileşenleri ve kalıntı süt bakımından karşılaştırılması. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22: 462-470.
  • Tölü C, Savaş T, 2012. Gökçeada, Malta ve Türk Saanen keçi genotiplerinin doğum ve oğlak büyümesi açısından karşılaştırılması. Hayvansal Üretim, 53: 17-25.
  • Tölü C., Yurtman İ.Y., Savaş T., 2010. Gökçeada, Malta ve Türk Saanen keçi genotiplerinin süt verim özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması. Hayvansal Üretim, 51: 8-15.
  • Ünal N, 2007. The effects of some factors on milk suckled by lambs. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 55: 195-199.

Süt Keçilerinde Tart-Emzir-Tart (TET) ve Elle Sağım (ES) Yöntemlerinin Süt Verimi ve Bileşenleri Ölçümlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2019, Volume: 60 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 28.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.500069

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, oğlak emzirme dönemindeki süt tipi keçilerde iki süt kontrol yönteminin süt miktarı ve süt bileşimlerine etkisi irdelenmiştir.


Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma, 4-5 yaşlarındaki 8 Türk Saanen keçisi ve 8 (3 D; 5 E) bunların 8 oğlağında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, ortalama 47.5±0.50 günlük yaştaki ve 12.9±1.36 kg canlı ağırlığındaki dişi oğlaklar ile 16.0±1.06 kg canlı ağırlığındaki erkek oğlaklar kullanılmıştır. Süt kontrolleri tart-emzir-tart (TET) + elle sağım ve elle sağım (ES) ile yapılmıştır. Süt kontrollerinde her bir keçinin süt örneği alınarak laboratuvar ortamında analiz edilmiştir.


Bulgular: Çalışmada TET yönteminde ve ES yöntemine göre biraz daha yüksek süt elde edilmiştir (P=0.0777). Keçi ile oğlağın 14 saat süreyle ayrı kaldığı sabah sağım periyodunda keçilerde daha fazla süt elde edilmiştir (P<0.0001). Süt yağı içeriği TET yönteminde ES yöntemine göre daha yüksek olurken, diğer süt bileşenleri ES yönteminde daha yüksek belirlenmiştir (P≤0.05). Çalışmada TET yönteminde elle sağımla elde edilen sütün memede kalan süt olduğu için süt yağının daha yüksek çıktığı söylenebilir. Çalışmada, ortalama 47-60 günlük yaştaki oğlaklar periyot başına ortalama 880 g/oğlak süt emmişlerdir. Oğlaklar sabah periyoduna göre akşam periyodunda ve erkeklerde dişiler göre daha fazla süt emmişlerdir (P≤0.05).


Sonuç: Süt kontrol yöntemlerinin belirlenmesinde işletme koşulları göz önüne alınarak TET veya ES yöntemlerinden birisi seçilebilir. Ancak oğlağın emdiği süt miktarını etkileyebilecek yaş, cinsiyet, doğum tipi, anneden ayrı kalma süreleri, emzirme koşulları ve işgücü gibi varyasyon kaynaklarına dikkat edilmesi gerektiği söylenebilir.

References

  • Aboul-Naga AM, El-Shobokshy AS, Moustafa MA, 1981. Milk production from subtropical non-dairy sheep. 2. Method of measuring. J Agric. Sci., 97(2): 303-308.
  • Atasoglu C, Akbağ HI, Tölü C, Daş G, Savaş T, Yurtman IY, 2010. Effects of kefir as a probiotic source on the performance of goat kids. S Afr. J Anim. Sci., 40: 363-370.
  • Baker IA, Dosky KN, Alkass JEA, 2009. Milk yield and composition of Karadi ewes with the special reference to the method of evacuation. J. Duhok Univ. 12 (1): 210-215.
  • Banda JW, Steinbach J, Zerfas HP, 1992. Composition and yield of milk from non-dairy goats and sheep in Malawi. http://www.fao.org/Wairdocs/ILRI/x5520B/x5520b1b.htm (13.11.2018).
  • Belcher CG, Frahm RR, Belcher DR., Bennett EN, 1980. Comparison of machine milkout and calf nursing techniques for estimating milk yields of various two-breed cross range cows. Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Sta. Ani. Sci. Res. Rep. MP-107:6.
  • Benson ME, Henry MJ, Cardellino RA, 1999. Comparison of weigh-suckle-weigh and machine milking for measuring ewe milk production. J. Anim. Sci., 77: 2330-2335.
  • Doney JM, Peart JN, Smith WF, Louda F, 1979. A consideration of the techniques for estimation of milk yield by suckled sheep and a comparison of estimates obtained by two methods in relation to the effect of breed, level of production and stage of lactation. J Agric. Sci., 92(1): 123-132.
  • FAO, 2018. Gateway to dairy production and products: Dairy animals http://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/production/dairy-animals/en/ (21.11.2018) Högberg M, Dahlborn K, Hybring-Sandberg E, Hartmann E, Andren A, 2016. Milk processing quality of suckled/milked goats: effects of milk accumulation interval and milking regime. J Dairy Res., 83: 173-179.
  • Irina Peniche G, Luis Sarmiento F, Ronald Santos R, 2015. Estimation of milk production in hair ewes by two methods of measurement. Rev. MVZ Córdoba 20(2): 4629-4635.
  • Natzke RP, Schultz LH, 1966. Effect of oxytocin ınjections on mastiffs-screening tests and milk composition. J Dairy Sci., 50(1): 43-46.
  • Ochepo GO, Ayoade JA, Attah S, Adenkola AY, 2015. Effect of breed and method of milking on yield and composition of sheep milk. Schol. J Agricul. Sci., 5(7): 232-235.
  • Pala A, Savaş T, 2005. Persistency within and between lactations in morning, evening and daily test day milk in dairy goats. Arch. Anim. Breed., 48: 396-403.
  • Papachristoforu C, 1990. The effects of milking method and post-milking suckling on ewe milk production and lamb growth. Ann. Zootech., 39: 1-8.
  • Salama AAK, Caja G, Such X, Peris S, Sorensen A, Knight CH, 2004. Changes in cisternal udder compartment induced by milking interval in dairy goats milked once- or twice-daily. J. Dairy Sci., 87: 1181-1187.
  • Sanz Sampelayo MR, Allegretti L, Gil Exremera F, Boza J, 2003. Growth, body composition and energy utilization in pre-ruminant goat kids Effect of dry matter concentration in the milk replacer and animal age. Small Rumin. Res., 49: 61-67.
  • SAS, 1999. SAS/STAT User's Guide: Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  • Savaş T, 2007. Oğlak büyütme: Sorunlu noktalar üzerinde bir değerlendirme. Hayvansal Üretim, 48(1): 44-53.
  • Tancin V, Bruckmaier RM, 2001. Factors affecting milk ejection and removal druing milking and suckling of dairy cows. Vet. Med.– Czech, 4: 108-118.
  • Torres A, Capote J, Argüello A, Sánchez-Macías D, Morales-delaNuez A, Castro N, 2014. Effects of oxytocin treatments on milk ejection in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day. Small Rumin. Res., 120: 231-233.
  • Tölü C, Irmak S, Açıkel Ş, Akbağ HI, Savaş T, 2016. Türk Saanen keçilerinde elle sağım ile makinalı sağımın süt verimi, süt bileşenleri ve kalıntı süt bakımından karşılaştırılması. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22: 462-470.
  • Tölü C, Savaş T, 2012. Gökçeada, Malta ve Türk Saanen keçi genotiplerinin doğum ve oğlak büyümesi açısından karşılaştırılması. Hayvansal Üretim, 53: 17-25.
  • Tölü C., Yurtman İ.Y., Savaş T., 2010. Gökçeada, Malta ve Türk Saanen keçi genotiplerinin süt verim özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması. Hayvansal Üretim, 51: 8-15.
  • Ünal N, 2007. The effects of some factors on milk suckled by lambs. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 55: 195-199.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Cemil Tölü 0000-0002-6135-4502

Kamile Gizem Arıkan This is me 0000-0002-6135-4502

Publication Date June 28, 2019
Submission Date December 20, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 60 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tölü, C., & Arıkan, K. G. (2019). Süt Keçilerinde Tart-Emzir-Tart (TET) ve Elle Sağım (ES) Yöntemlerinin Süt Verimi ve Bileşenleri Ölçümlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Animal Production, 60(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.500069


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