Hormonal Changes in Ruminant Animals Exposed to High Environmental Temperature

Year 2019, Volume: 60 Issue: 2, 159 - 169, 30.12.2019

Murat Durmuş , Nazan Koluman

https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.547128

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Stress is the unusual condition that an animal experiences due to the effects of the
environment and pressures the complex adaptation mechanism of animal. Stress
factors (stressors) are extensive and some of these sources include cold, heat, x-rays,
insufficient oxygen levels, noise, fear, smell, foreign bodies and oestrus. High
temperature strains the welfare of animals and causes stress. Fear and stress in
animals cause welfare problems affecting their adaptation mechanisms. Thus,
immune, nervous and endocrine systems are adversely affected. In this case, health
problems of the animal increase and economic losses become inevitable as a result
of negative effects of parameters such as life span, life quality and yield level of the
animal. With the release of cortisol and the increase inbody temperature and pulse
rate, a physiological change in which many hormones are affected occur in animals
under stress. In this context, there is an increase or a decrease in the secretion of
adrenal hormones (catecholamines and glucocorticoids), reproductive hormones
(ovarium and testicular hormones), growth hormone, thyroid hormones (thyroxine
and triiodothyronine) and pancreas hormones (insulin and glucagon). This review
discusses the effects of heat stress on hormonal changes in ruminant animals. 

Keywords

Stress hormones, heat stress, yield, welfare, goat, sheep

Yüksek Çevre Sıcaklığına Maruz Kalan Ruminant Hayvanlarda Meydana Gelen Hormonal Değişimler

Abstract

Stres, hayvanın karmaşık uyum düzeneğine baskı yapan ve çevreden gelen etkiler ile
aldığı normal dışı durumdur. Stres faktörleri (stressörler) geniş kapsamlıdır; soğuk,
sıcak, x- ışınları, yetersiz oksijen seviyesi, yüksek ses, korku, koku, yabancı cisimler ve
kızgınlık bu kaynaklardan bir kısmıdır. Yüksek sıcaklık hayvanların refahını zorlar ve
strese girmesine neden olur. Hayvanlarda oluşan korku ve stres, onlarda refah
sorununun ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Böylece, bağışıklık, sinir ve endokrin
sistemi olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu durumda, hayvanın sağlık sorunları artar ve
hayvanın yaşam süresi, kalitesi, verim düzeyi gibi parametrelerin olumsuz etkilenmesi
sonucu ekonomik kayıplar kaçınılmaz olmaktadır. Stres altındaki hayvanlarda, kortizol
salınımı, vücut ısısı ve nabız sayısının yükselmesi ile birlikte birçok hormonun
etkilendiği fizyolojik bir değişim söz konusudur. Bu kapsamda böbrek üstü bezi
hormonları (katekolaminler ve glukokortikoidler), üreme hormonları (ovaryum ve
testis hormonları), büyüme hormonu (somatotrop hormon), tiroid hormonları
(tiroksin ve triiyodotironin) ve pankreas hormonlarının (insülin ve glukagon)
salgılanmasında artış ya da azalış gerçekleşir. Yapılan derlemede, ruminant
hayvanlarda hormonal değişim üzerine sıcaklık stresinin etkileri tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Hormonlar, Sıcaklık Stresi, Verim, Refah, Keçi

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