Yönetim Uygulamalarının Süt Çiftliklerinde Buzağı Ölüm Oranları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye’nin Gaziantep Bölgesinde Bir Çalışma

Year 2025, Volume: 66 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 30.06.2025

Halil İbrahim Tosun

https://doi.org/10.29185/hayuretim.1564529

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi olan TRC1 bölgesinde buzağı yetiştirme uygulamalarını ve bunların buzağı ölümleri üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektedir. Bu çalışma çiftlikleri düşük, orta ve yüksek ölüm oranlarına göre sınıflandırarak buzağıların hayatta kalmasını etkileyen temel faktörleri tanımlamakta ayrıca buzağı sağlığını iyileştirmeye, ölümleri azaltmaya ve süt çiftliği sürdürülebilirliğini geliştirmeye yönelik bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma, Türkiye'nin yaklaşık 388.000 süt sığırına ev sahipliği yapan TRC1 bölgesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler 2019-2020 üretim döneminde 145 süt çiftliğinden tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Örneklenen çiftlikler, K-ortalama kümeleme yöntemi kullanılarak ölüm oranlarına göre grublandırılmıştır. İstatistiksel testler (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, t-testi, Mann-Whitney U testi) ve çoklu regresyon analizi ile kolostrum alımı, süt besleme sıklığı ve sütten kesim yaşı gibi buzağı ölümleri üzerine etkili faktörler değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Buzağı yetiştirme uygulamalarında önemli farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Ortalama ilk kolostrum alımı 2,64 litre, ikinci beslemede ise geniş aralıklarda 3,15 litre olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Günde 2,08 kez süt beslemesi yapılmış ve sütten kesim yaşları 30-180 gün arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölüm oranının düşük olduğu çiftliklerde daha yüksek kolostrum alımı ve tutarlı beslenme programları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Regresyon analizi ile kolostrum alımını, süt besleme sıklığını ve sütten kesme yaşının buzağı ölümlerinin önemli belirleyicileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Bu çalışma buzağılarda erken dönem yönetim uygulamalarının ölüm oranları üzerindeki önemini vurgulamaktadır. Kolostrum alımının iyileştirilmesi, süt besleme sıklığı ve uygun sütten kesme yaşının tespiti buzağıların hayatta kalmasını ve çiftliklerin kârlılığını arttırarak hayvancılık işletmelerine değerli bir katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar sözcükler: Buzağı besleme uygulamaları, Buzağı sağlığı, Buzağı ölümü, Kolostrum alımı, Süt çiftliği yönetimi, Çiftlik sürdürülebilirliği.

Keywords

buzağı besleme uygulamaları, buzağı sağlığı, buzağı ölümü, kolostrum alımı, süt çiftliği yönetimi, çiftlik sürdürülebilirliği

Supporting Institution

Rumico Livestock Management and Nutrition (RUMICO)

Impact of Management Practices on Calf Mortality Rates in Dairy Farms: A Study in the Gaziantep Region of Türkiye

Abstract

Objective: This study assesses calf-rearing practices and their effects on calf mortality in the TRC1 region of Southeastern Anatolia, Türkiye. By classifying farms into low, medium, and high mortality groups, it identifies key factors impacting calf survival and offers insights to enhance calf health, reduce mortality, and improve dairy farm sustainability.

Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Türkiye's TRC1 region, home to around 388,000 dairy cattle. Data were gathered from 145 dairy farms during the 2019-2020 cycles via stratified random sampling. Farms were grouped by mortality rate using K-means clustering. Statistical tests (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test) and multiple regression analysis assessed factors such as colostrum intake, milk feeding frequency, and weaning age on calf mortality.

Results: Significant variability in calf-rearing practices was observed. Average colostrum intake was 2.64 liters initially and 3.15 liters for the second feeding, with wide ranges. Milk was fed 2.08 times per day, and weaning ages spanned 30-180 days. Low-mortality farms had higher colostrum intake and consistent feeding schedules. Regression analysis identified colostrum intake, milk feeding frequency, and weaning age as significant calf mortality predictors.

Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of early calf management on mortality rates. Improved colostrum intake, feeding frequency, and appropriate weaning age can enhance calf survival and farm profitability, offering valuable guidance for dairy farmers.

Keywords: Calf feeding practices, Calf health, Calf mortality, Colostrum intake, Dairy farm management, Farm sustainability.

Keywords

calf feeding practices, calf health, calf mortality, colostrum intake, dairy farm management, farm sustainability

Supporting Institution

Rumico Livestock Management and Nutrition (RUMICO)

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